Are micro-porous pipes able to eliminate environmental concerns when installing intakes? Anthony T. Jones, Ph.D.

Are micro-porous pipes able to eliminate environmental concerns when installing intakes? Anthony T. Jones, Ph.D.

Agenda The Context The Problem A Solution Describe Neodren Neodren installation Neodren performance A Test Plan

The Challenge Global freshwater consumption rose six fold between 1900 and 1995 - more than twice the rate of population growth. About one third of the world's population already lives in countries considered to be 'water stressed' - that is, where consumption exceeds 10% of total supply. If present trends continue, two out of every three people on Earth will live in that condition by 2025. -- Kofi Annan We The Peoples, 2000 Slide 3

Impact Global Risk Landscape 2018 Likelihood

Distribution of Water Scarcity Slide 5

Fig. 2 Annual average monthly blue water scarcity at 30 30 arc min resolution. Mesfin M. Mekonnen, and Arjen Y. Hoekstra Sci Adv 2016;2:e1500323 Published by AAAS

CALIFORNIA SEAWATER DESALINATION Existing Facilities 11 New/Expanded Facilities 8

STATE OCEAN PLAN The Desalination Amendment.. requires new or expanded seawater desalination plants to use the best available, site, design, technology, and mitigation measures feasible to minimize intake and mortality of all forms of marine life.

FACTORS FOR SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE INTAKE TECHNOLOGY Geotechnical data, Hydrogeology, Benthic topography, Oceanography conditions, Sensitive habitats or sensitive species, Energy for the entire facility, Design constraints

Leave the fish in the sea

Design Rationale Provide a reliable source of seawater at the required quantity and quality Lowest Total Water Cost over the lifetime of the project (CAPEX, OPEX) Environmental issues typically associated with intakes (Impingement and Entrainment)

Installation Procedure HDD machinery Seabed Cementing (sealing) of annular space Productive section of drain End cap 12

Multiple Lateral Drains

NEODREN SYSTEMS IN SPAIN

Neodren intakes at operating seawater desalination facilities Location in Spain Year No. Lateral Drains Filter Section (ft) Plant Capacity (MGD) San Pedro del Pinatar 2003 20 14,911 21.9 Cabo Cope 2004 4 1,993 9.9 Águilas 2006 3 2,530 7.8 Tordera 2007 1 670 1.8 Alicante II 2008 8 8,530 21.9

Benefits Overall lower life-cycle costs Lower energy costs Less complex pretreatment design Higher quality feedwater for RO system SDI, TSS, microbial activity, TOC, Small environmental footprint No impingement No entrainment No mitigated costs for fish mortality

Engineering Study 17

San Pedro del Pinatar Year: 2003 Client: PRIDESA - ABENGOA Ф 355mm (13.97 in.) Total length: 9190.7m (30,150 ft.) Filter length: 4545m (14,900 ft.) Geology: permeable fractured rock material Total capacity: 2000 L/s (31,700 gpm) Specific capacity: 0.44 L/s/m (2.12 gpm/ft) Number of drains: 20 18

The SDI before the sand filters is below 4... Source: Malfeito, J. & Jimenez, A. (2005)

Águilas, Murcia, Spain Client: Comunidad de Regantes de Águilas Tube Ø: 400 mm (15.75 in.) Length: 1495 m (4905 ft.) Filter section: 771 m (2530 ft.) Geology: Calcarenite and conglomerate Flow Rate per drain: 119 l/s (1886 gpm) Total Flow Rate: 345 l/s (5468 gpm) Specific Flow Rate: 0.44 l/s/m (2.11 gpm/ft). Number of drains: 3 Executed: March 2006

Performance Data Drain 1 Drain 2 Drain 3 Total length (m) 447 530 533 (ft) 1467 1739 1749 Filter length (m) 201 286 286 (ft) 659 938 938 Pipe diameter (mm) 400 400 450 (in) 15.75 15.75 17.72 Data courtesy Comunidad de Regantes de Águilas

951 gpm 1.4 MGD 1535 AF/YR Data courtesy Comunidad de Regantes de Águilas

1.2 gpm/ft Data courtesy Comunidad de Regantes de Águilas

La Tordera Client: Agència Catalana de l Aigua Tube Ø 450 mm (17.7 in.) Length: 450 m (1476 ft.) Filter section: 204 m (669 ft.) Geology Medium sand Flow Rate per drain 80 l/s (1268 gpm) Specific Flow Rate 0.36 l/s/m (1.7 gpm) Number of Drains 1 Executed July 2007

Bacteria Analysis at La Tordera (Spain) Parameter Coliform Bacteria (ufc/100 ml) E. Coli (ufc/100 ml) Aerobic count 22 (ufc/ml) Values Avg. Min. Max. SW 21 2 80 NF 0 0 1 SW 18 1 >50 NF 0 0 0 SW 24 2 65 NF 6 <2 37 SW is seawater and NF is Neodren Filtrate

INTAKE TEST PROGRAM Side-by-Side Comparison subsea intake open ocean intake. Water Quality Analysis 12-month program Examine feed water quality Feasibility for 50 MGD plant

FLOAT-AND-SINK METHOD

DESIGN 3-pipe bundle Subsea intake: 1,140 SDR 11, 8 HDPE; 60 of microporous pipe Open ocean intake: 1200 SDR 11, 8 HDPE Discharge return pipe section: 1200 SDR 7.3, 3 HDPE Bore route is 1,200 in length

GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS A mobile sediment layer near the coast in the surf zone extends offshore 1000 ft into 30 ft water depth. young alluvial deposit some dredged fill / remnants of a sand spit underlying deposits are Pleistocene in age and reflect coastal deposition. a 50-ft bore at the project site on the beach.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING Bottom currents < 30 cm/s Averaged 5 cm/s for -30 ft water depth. Wave surges from historical data evaluate minimum depth for safe diving operations. Marine operations restricted to non-storm periods. 5-day weather forecasts to assess when to start marine operations.

MICRO-POROUS PIPE Highly porous Porosity 35 % Inert material Sintered HDPE Pores 120 µm Ave. Cut-Off 60 µm

SCANNING MICROGRAPH

Strong, durable, flexible and lightweight Long-term service life (> 50 years) Highly-resistant to corrosion, abrasion and chemicals High radius of curvature Seismic resistance

CONTINUOUS MONITORING Subsea Intake T S ph UV A NTU ORP DO SCCOOS Less Variable Less Variable Shift toward 7.0 Low Value <1.0 Reduced Reduced

WEEKLY MONITORING Subsea Intake SDI 15 SCCOOS Significantly < SEMI-MONTHLY MONITORING TOC Reduced 10-1 10-2

MONTHLY MONITORING Subsea Intake TDS Chl a E. coli Enterococcus EEM SCCOOS Less Variable Extremely low Non-existent Non-existent Lower

QUARTERLY MONITORING Subsea Intake N Si Fe Al As SCCOOS Lower Lower = or slightly elevated TRIANNUALLY MONITORING Reduced Reduced

Summary A technology for executing seawater intakes by means of horizontal directional drilling drains installed below the seabed The output is low-turbid water that can be used for desalination plants. 22,300m of Neodren Intakes (73,200 ft 13.8 miles)

CONCLUSION Subsurface microporous pipes installed with HDD is to be installed in Southern California. Test feasibility, water quality, and costs compared conventional open ocean intake. Results will impact future decisions. We anticipate superior water and lower of life cycle costs.

Leave the fish in the sea

Anthony T. Jones, Ph.D. @IntakeWorks www.intakeworks.com Tony@intakeworks.com IntakeWorks@gmail.com