AIC TECH 2015 Sustainability in Practice Turning Ideas into Reality Jan 16, 2015 FUTURE & NET ZERO BUILDINGS

CONTENTS Introduction to Net Zero Can we get to Net Zero? Pathway to Net Zero Energy Buildings Case studies

Net Zero Is The Next Wave Of Green Buildings

Net- Zero Energy Building Energy Consumed = Renewable Energy Produced

Net- Zero Energy Building Energy Positive Building + More Energy Produced Than Consumed Net Zero Energy Building = Equivalent Energy Produced Near Zero Energy Building - Less Energy Produce Than Consumed

CAN WE GET TO ZERO ENERGY?

Can we get to Net Zero? Benchmark for Commercial Buildings (140 Kwh/Sqm/yr) Where we would be if all current buildings are complaint to ECBC (75-80 New Buildings) Where we could be with current technologies (35-40 Max Tech Eff scenario) Add Renewables to reach Net Zero (15-20 Max Tech Eff scenario with renewables) EPI Kwh/Sqm/ year 150 100 50 0

OUR NET ZERO EXPERIENCE

Net- Zero Energy Buildings ECO COMMERCIAL BUILDING (ENERGY POSITIVE BUILDING) INDIRA PARYAVARAN BHAWAN SHUNYA NET ZERO ENERGY HOME

PATHWAY TO NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS

RENEWABLES ACTIVE MEASURES Efficient HVAC Components, Interior Lighting, High Performance Glazing etc. PASSIVE MEASURES Building Form, Orientation, WWR, Solar Shading, Thermal Mass, Insulated Envelope, Micro-Climate etc.

Integration of Passive & Active Strategies Leads to Net Zero

A NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

Net- Zero Energy Buildings ORIENTATION OF BUILDING SHAPE OF BUILDING COURTYARDS & SOLAR SHADES

ACHIEVING NET ZERO Bridging The Gap With Energy Efficiency Measures

Even little things make difference in getting to zero (as you get to zero, small items become significant)

Quantification of Impact of little things is important!

BUILDING ENHANCED ENERGY PERFORMANCE EXAMPLES

OFFICE BUILDING AT HYDERABAD

Project Sustainability Objectives Reduce solar Heat Gain through Envelope Achieve Visual Contrast Ratio (3:1) Ensure Adequate Daylight Levels (270 Lux in 75% of office premises) Organization Of Interior Layout As Per Annually Available Daylight Levels Thermal Comfort

Project Sustainability Approach 1. Climatic Study 2. Solar Incident Radiation Analysis on Envelope 2.1. Insulation Options 2.2. Rooftop Photovoltaic 2.3. Building Integrated Photovoltaic 2.4. Green Facades 3. Glare Analysis in Office premises 3.1. Motorized Blinds Options 3.2. Solar Shading Options 3.3. Green Façade Options 3.4. Glass Selection 4. Illuminance Levels Analysis 5. Mutual Shading Analysis 6. Daylight Autonomy Analysis For Interior Layout

Climate Introduction The project site is located in Hyderabad City has a composite climate and remains warm throughout the year The climate is pleasant between August to January Outdoor Temperatures are high from February to May

Solar Radiation Maximum Solar Radiation occurs between February to July W/ m² 1000 800 600 W/ m² 900+ 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 <0 400 200 0 Wk 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 Maximum Solar Radiation (W/m²)

Relative Humidity Maximum relative humidity occurs between July to October % 100 80 60 % 90+ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 <0 40 20 0 Wk 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 Relative Humidity (%)

Temperature Maximum temperature occurs between Mid-February to Mid-June C 45+ 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 <0 C 50 40 30 20 10 0 Wk 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 Average Temperature ( C)

Cloud Cover Maximum cloud cover occurs between June to September % 100 80 60 % 90+ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 <0 40 20 0 Wk 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 Average Cloud Cover (%)

Wind Pattern for Summer Maximum wind direction in summer season is from West & from North-West 315 300 285 330 50 km/ h 345 N OR T H 15 30 40 km/ h 30 km/ h 20 km/ h 10 km/ h 45 60 75 W EST EAST 255 105 240 120 225 135 210 195 SOU T H 165 150 SUMMER (Jun-Aug)

Wind Pattern for Autumn Maximum wind direction in Autumn season is from West & from North-West 315 300 285 330 50 km/ h 345 N OR T H 15 30 40 km/ h 30 km/ h 20 km/ h 10 km/ h 45 60 75 W EST EAST 255 105 240 120 225 135 210 195 SOU T H 165 150 AUTUMN (Sep-Nov)

Wind Pattern for Winter Maximum wind direction in Winter season is from South-East 315 300 330 50 km/ h 345 N OR T H 15 30 40 km/ h 30 km/ h 20 km/ h 45 60 285 10 km/ h 75 W EST EAST 255 105 240 120 225 135 210 195 SOU T H 165 150 WINTER (Dec-Feb)

Wind Pattern for Spring Maximum wind direction in Spring season is from North-West 315 300 330 50 km/ h 345 N OR T H 15 30 40 km/ h 30 km/ h 20 km/ h 45 60 285 10 km/ h 75 W EST EAST 255 105 240 120 225 135 210 195 SOU T H 165 150 SPRING (Mar-May)

Roof Photovoltaic can be installed on roof. Incident Solar Radiation Analysis Images on the right show direct solar radiation falling on various building surfaces Roof receive high radiation of around 1739kWh/m² throughout the year. View from North- East & North-West After roof, South-East & South-West facades receive high radiation of around 906.5 kwh/m² View from South- East & South-West North-East & North-West facades receive radiation of around 407kWh/m². Insulation shall be required to minimize heat gain. 1. Roof 2. North-West 3. North-East 4. South-East 5. South-West

Insulation and Photovoltaic Solar PV Panels at the Roof. Energy Generation Potential Approx. 1200MWH Insulation Achieve U-Value of Approx. 0.07 btu/hr.ft² F Building Integrated Photovoltaic Energy Generation Potential Approx. 100MWH

Green Façade Options Achieve U-Value of Approx. 0.1 btu/hr.ft² F

Glare Analysis in Office Premises South-West South-West South-East Façade Glare occurs early morning for limited hours only. Internal / external blind are sufficient to prevent glare North-West North-West & South-West Facades Heavy glare is observed Occupants sitting up to 28m from fenestration will have visual discomfort It is recommended to avoid glare by means of various Shading strategies South-East North-West

Glare Analysis in Office Premises Ingress Via South-East Windows @9am Ingress Via South-East Windows @10am Ingress Via South-West Windows @3pm Ingress Via North-West Windows @5pm

Glare Pattern Analysis Bright Patches Depicting GLARE Bright Patches Depicting GLARE Interior View Bird s Eye View

Glare Patterns Analysis Plan View Glare Extent on Floor From Each Facade

Visual Comfort Ratio Analysis Human Sensitivity Rendering Visual Contrast Ratio is out of comfort range 12:1 Bright Color depicts Glare on Working Station Fenestration False Color Rendering Bright Color depicts Glare on Working Station Fenestration

Glare Control Options Motorized Blinds Human Sensitivity Rendering Visual Contrast Ratio is within comfort range 3:1 Brightness within range Fenestration False Color Rendering Brightness within range Fenestration

Glare Control Options External Static Shades For North-East Windows For South-East Windows For South-West & North-West Windows For South-West Windows

Glare Control Options External Static Shades For South-West & North-West Windows For South-West & North-West Windows

Glass Selection Two cases Analyzed Case-I VLT of Vision glazing: 49% VLT of daylight glazing: 49% 49% 49% 62% 49% Case I Case II Case-II VLT of Vision glazing: 49% VLT of daylight glazing: 62% 49% 49% 62% 49% Case I Case II Second case Falls in visual comfort range.

Building achieves 270lux in 35% areas Illuminance Levels Analysis The analysis is done at 12pm considering clear sky condition Wall: Surface reflectance of 50% Floor: Surface reflectance of 40% Ceiling Paints with surface reflectance of 70% North/South/West/East Glazing: visible light transmittance 40%

Illuminance Levels Analysis The analysis is done at 12pm considering clear sky condition Wall: Surface reflectance of 65% Floors: Surface reflectance of 50% Ceiling Paints with surface reflectance of 85% North/South/West/East Glazing: Visible light transmittance 49% Building achieves 270lux in 61% areas

North-East Façade Building Shading Analysis Exposed to sun during early morning. Operable windows can be provided. 21 st March 21 st December 9am 9am During noon time, the sun is at zenith angle so each façade is self shaded. South-West & North-West Facade Combination of shades are required Green walls, building integrated photovoltaic can be used as a part of design to achieve energy efficiency 1pm 5pm 1pm 5pm

Reorganization of Layout Old Plan Modified Plan Existing Designed Section & View of Designed Shades 2 1 Monthly Solar Radiation 5 3 1 4 5 2 6 3 4 1 Open Office Area 2 Cabin 1 3 Circulation Areas 4 Cabin 2 5 Service Area 6 Non Regularly Occupied Area Before Shading After Shading

COMMERCIAL OFFICE AT GURGAON

Solar Analysis (Annual Sun-Path)

Solar Incident Radiation Analysis Wh/m2 N 1. Roof 2. North-East 3. North-West 4. South-East 5. South-West N Images above show direct solar radiation falling on various building surfaces i.e. roof and building facades. Roof receive high solar radiation on roof of about 184 kwh/m² throughout the year. South-West & South-East facade receive solar radiation of around 55-74 kwh/m². North-West & North-East facade receive solar radiation of around 37-55 kwh/m². Roof mounted solar photovoltaic to generate electricity are recommended.

FAÇADE ANALYSIS BY SOLAR SHADING ANALYSIS (NW & NE Façade, 21 st September) North-East façade NE NW NE NW shaded for seven hours exposed to direct sun for two hours only. Recommendation: Horizontal shade or internal blinds Solar Shading at 09:00 am Solar Shading at 12:00 pm North-West façade NE NW NE NW Solar Shading at 03:00 pm Solar Shading at 06:00 pm shaded for five and half hours exposed to direct sun for the remaining three and half hours. Recommendation: Configuration of vertical & horizontal louvers or internal blinds.

FAÇADE ANALYSIS BY SOLAR SHADING ANALYSIS (SW & SE Façade, 21 st September) South-West façade SW SE SW SE Solar Shading at 09:00 am Solar Shading at 12:00 pm shaded for only 2 hours exposed to direct sun for six hours. Recommendation: Configuration of vertical & horizontal louvers or internal blinds. South-East façade SW SE SW SE Solar Shading at 03:00 pm Solar Shading at 06:00 pm shaded for four and a half hour exposed to direct sun for five and half hour. Recommendation: Horizontal shade or internal blinds

Solar Shading Analysis for NW & NE Façade, 21 st September

Annual & Seasonal Wind Direction Analysis Annual Window Direction Analysis Seasonal Window Direction Analysis NORTH Summers: Mar to Jun Predominant Wind: From North-West WEST EAST Monsoon: Jul to Oct Predominant Wind: From North Building Plan with Superimposed Annual Predominant Wind Direction Analysis: From North-West SOUTH Monsoon: Jul to Oct Predominant Wind: From West

COURTYARD ANALYSIS BY WIND CFD ANALYSIS As Designed Pedestrian Level Wind Flow As Designed Wind Flow Through Courtyard Wind Flow Wind Direction Ambient Wind Velocity - North West (Annual Predominant Wind) ~ 6 m/s (Predominant Average) Wind Velocity at Pedestrian Level ~ 2 m/s (Comfortable) Wind Flow Through Courtyard ~ 2.5 m/s 5 m/s (Windy & Uncomfortable) Wind Flow in Open Area at Building Front ~ 0.5 m/s 1 m/s

INTERVENTION 1 Closure of Opening on SE façade for Courtyard Courtyard One Side Closed Pedestrian Level Wind Flow Courtyard One Side Closed Wind Flow Through Courtyard Wind Velocity at Pedestrian Level ~ 2 m/s (Comfortable) Wind Flow Through Courtyard ~ 0.5m/s 3.5 m/s (Controlled & Comfortable) Wind Flow in Open Area at Building Front ~ 0.5 m/s 1 m/s

Site with Context Wind Flow ANALYSIS WITH SITE CONTEXT

ANALYSIS WITH SITE CONTEXT Courtyard One Side Closed & Context Pedestrian Level Wind Flow Courtyard One Side Closed with Context Wind Flow Through Courtyard Wind Velocity at Pedestrian Level ~ 2 m/s (Comfortable) Wind Flow Through Courtyard ~ 0.5 m/s 2.5 m/s (Controlled & Comfortable) Wind Flow in Open Area at Building Front & Back ~ 0.5 m/s 1 m/s (Poor Ventilation & Uncomfortable)

ANALYSIS FINDINGS Building needs to be analyzed in its context as the wind flows are largely altered by surrounding buildings & landscape. Open spaces at site must be analyzed for designing landscape for pedestrian thermal comfort. By Blocking One site of courtyard, Wind flow inside Courtyard can be controlled to comfortable limits. North-East & South-West facades of building has better potential for harnessing wind for enhanced natural ventilation inside building. Type of operable windows (top-hung/side hung/sliding in building facades should be selected based on wind movement pattern around building.

NATURAL VENTILATION ANALYSIS

INSTITUTIONAL PROJECT AT GURGAON

PASSIVE DESIGN TECHNIQUES Daylight Harness 100% Daylit Interiors (Minimum 110 Lux) Controlled Solar Glare Reduced External Heat Gain Window Shading to Reduce Solar Heat Gain Insulated External Walls & Roof Low Energy Cooling Optimized Natural Ventilation Night Pure Ventilation With Thermal Mass Cooling in Summer Minimal Ventilation in Winters Enhanced Air flow in Monsoon Ceiling Fans for Better Body Heat Dissipation Evaporative Cooling for Low Energy Thermal Comfort

EXTERNAL WIND ANALYSIS: EXISTING At Pedestrian Level

EXTERNAL WIND ANALYSIS: EXISTING At 15 m Height

EXTERNAL WIND ANALYSIS: OPTION 1 At Pedestrian Level

EXTERNAL WIND ANALYSIS: OPTION 1 At 15 m Height

EXTERNAL WIND ANALYSIS: OPTION 2 At Pedestrian Level

EXTERNAL WIND ANALYSIS: OPTION 2 At 15 m Height

INDOOR NATURAL VENTILATION MODEL ASSUMPTIONS Window Operable Area Window Open Angle Window Operation Set point Ventilation Period Minimum Required Ventilation : 50% all room windows : 90 Deg to Window -Side Hung Windows : 24 Deg C and Above Indoor Temperature : March 15 th Nov 30 th : 4 Air Changes Per Hour (ACH) As per NBC

INDOOR VENTILATION: HOSTEL

INDOOR NATURAL VENTILATION RESULT The Hostel Rooms Shall Achieve Minimum 8 ACH In All Rooms With The Current Window Design.

INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS MODEL ASSUMPTIONS Building Selection Window Operable Area Window Open Angle Window Operation Set point Ventilation Period Occupancy Occupancy Period Weekends : Hostel no-4 : 50% all room windows : 90 Deg to Window -Side Hung Windows : 24 Deg C and Above Indoor Temperature : March 15 th Nov 30 th : 2 Persons/ Room : 4 PM 9 AM on Weekdays & Full Day on Window Operations : December 01st to March 15 th Full Day/Night closed March 16 th to November 30 th Open from 8 PM to 8 AM Infiltration on Weekdays : 1 ACH From 12 AM to 8 AM 2 ACH From 8 AM to 9 AM 1 ACH From 9 AM to 4 PM 2 ACH From 4 PM to 12 AM Infiltration on Weekends : 1 ACH From 12 AM to 8 AM 2 ACH From 8 AM to 12 AM

Dry Bulb Temperature (Deg C) PREDICTED INDOOR TEMPERATURE 44 Peak Summer Day: May 29, Saturday: Room Orientation Comparison 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 Outside SW-Room NW-Room NE-Room SE-Room 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hours South East Facing Rooms Will Be Hottest During Summer Period

PREDICTED INDOOR TEMPERATURE Dry Bulb Temperature (Deg C) 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 Peak Winter Day: Jan 02, Saturday : Room Orientation Comparison 2 0 Outside SW-Room NW-Room NE-Room SE-Room 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hours North East Facing Rooms Will Be Coldest During Winter Period

Dry Bulb Temperature (Deg C) PREDICTED INDOOR TEMPERATURE 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 Peak Summer Day: May 29, Saturday: SE Room 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Outside Case 2: 230 Thick Internal Brick Wall Case 4: 230 Brick Wall + 25 PU Insulation Case 6: 230 Brick Wall + 50 PU Insulation Case 8: 250 AAC with 230 Internal Brick Wall Case 10: 200 Ext AAC with 50 Int Rockwool Insul & 230 Int Brick Wall Hours Case 1: Original Design Case 3: 200 Thick External AAC block Case 5: Clear DGU Case 7: Closed Corridor & Minimal Vent Case 9: 230 Ext Brick with 50 Int Rockwool Insul & 230 Int Brick Wall Expected Temperature Will Be 3 Deg C Lower Than Peak Outdoor Temperature It Is Observed That Internal Insulation Is Not As Effective As External Insulation

Dry Bulb Temperature (Deg C) PREDICTED INDOOR TEMPERATURE Peak Winter Day: Jan 02, Saturday: NE Room 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hours Outside Case 1: Original Design Case 2: 230 Thick Internal Brick Wall Case 3: 200 Thick External AAC block Case 4: 230 Brick Wall + 25 PU Insulation Case 5: Clear DGU Case 6: 230 Brick Wall + 50 PU Insulation Case 7: Closed Corridor & Minimal Vent Case 8: 250 AAC with 230 Internal Brick Wall Case 9: 230 Ext Brick with 50 Int Rockwool Insul & 230 Int Brick Wall Case 10: 200 Ext AAC with 50 Int Rockwool Insul & 230 Int Brick Wall The lowest indoor temperature shall be 8-10 Deg higher than minimum outdoor temperature

Dry Bulb Temperature (Deg C) PREDICTED INDOOR TEMPERATURE 38 Typical Monsoon Day: July 17, Saturday: SE Room 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Outside Hours Case 1: Original Design Case 2: 230 Thick Internal Brick Wall Case 3: 200 Thick External AAC block Case 4: 230 Brick Wall + 25 PU Insulation Case 5: Clear DGU Case 6: 230 Brick Wall + 50 PU Insulation Case 7: Closed Corridor & Minimal Vent Case 8: 250 AAC with 230 Internal Brick Wall Case 9: 230 Ext Brick with 50 Int Rockwool Insul & 230 Int Brick Wall Case 10: 200 Ext AAC with 50 Int Rockwool Insul & 230 Int Brick Wall The lowest indoor temperature shall be 1 Deg lower than maximum outdoor temperature.

Dry Bulb Temperature (Deg C) PREDICTED INDOOR TEMPERATURE 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 Peak Summer Day: May 29, Saturday: SE Room 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hours Outside DBT Case 1: Original Design Case 4: 230 Brick Wall + 25 PU Insulation Case 4 With Ceiling Fans Outside WBT Use Of Ceiling Fans Will Make Indoor Occupants Feel Up to 2 Deg C Lower Than Actual Indoor Temperature Use of Evaporative Cooling Can Help Achieve 24 Deg C 26 Deg C During Summer For Thermal Comfort

Dry Bulb Temperature (Deg C) PREDICTED INDOOR TEMPERATURE 38 Typical Monsoon Day: July 17, Saturday: SE Room 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hours Outside DBT Case 1: Original Design Case 4: 230 Brick Wall + 25 PU Insulation Case 4 With Ceiling Fans Outside WBT Use Of Ceiling Fans Will Make Indoor Occupants Feel Up to 2 Deg C Lower Than Actual Indoor Temperature Even during Monsoon Use of Two-Stage Evaporative Cooling Can Help Achieve <30 Deg C During Monsoon

CFD TO ENHANCE PEDESTRIAN THERMAL COMFORT

Project Details Project Type : Hospitality Location Site Area : Delhi : 21,000 Sqm Built-Up Area : 66,0 00 Sqm

Focus Areas Of Analysis 1 2 3 OUTDOOR SEATING CENTRAL PLAZA STREET

Direct Solar Radiation Analysis

SUMMER SOLSTICE (21 st June, 9AM-6PM) Preferred Location for Pedestrian Seating/Movement/ Activities Solar Shading Analysis EQUINOX (21 st September, 9AM-6PM) WINTER SOLSTICE (21 st December, 9AM-5PM)

Recommended Strategies Shading Structures For Seating Area/ Pedestrian Activities Light Colored Paving/Vegetation

Recommended Strategies Ground Embedded Water Runners For Paved Area These Will Absorb Heat From Paved Surface On Ground & Enhance Thermal Comfort Site Water Feature / Cooling Tower For Evaporative Cooling Light Color Paving (SRI ~ 30) Water Runners @ 600 mm C/C Water Runners Embedded in Ground

Wind CFD Analysis WIND DIRECTION : NORTH-WEST AVERAGE WIND VELOCITY : 2 m/s

Recommended Strategies Water Features For Central Open Space Water Fountain, Mistifiers Etc Provide Evaporative Cooling For Open Spaces

Recommended Strategies Water Features For Open Space Of Existing Mall

Recommended Strategies Gas Heaters For Heating Winter Winds

Recommended Strategies

Recommended Strategies In Critical Areas 1 2 3 OUTDOOR SEATING Cooling Strategies: Shading Evaporative Cooling using Mystifiers CENTRAL PLAZA Cooling Strategies: Evaporative Cooling Radiant Cooling using Runners STREET Cooling Strategies: Evaporative Cooling Partial Shading Radiant Cooling using Runners

Roof Design

Recommended Strategies Relocate Restaurant Relocating restaurant towards SE & introduce terrace garden on the NW Propose Terrace Gardens & Water Bodies

Recommended Strategies Introduce Garden & Water Bodies On Roof. Cool Dry Summer & Mid-season Wind For Terrace Users Reduce The Heat Island Effect On Roof Reduced Heat Load of The Building

ENHANCED MICRO-CLIMATE: IMPACT ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF BUILDING

Building Energy Consumption Primary Components of Weather Affected by Microclimate Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) Dew Point Temperature and (DPT) Relative Humidity (RH) Modifications in Weather File for Energy Simulation 2 0 C Reduction In DBT During Cooling Period DPT Kept Constant Considering Mode Of Cooling As Evaporative Only Increased RH as per Psychrometric Chart for 8760 Hours Impact of Microclimate on Buildings Upto 2 storeys from the ground benefit from Microclimate

Macro Climate Vs Micro Climate Enhanced Micro-Climate Will Impact G.F. & F.F.

HVAC SAVINGS SAVINGS Peak Envelope Load : 1.95% Total Chiller TR : 0.68% Economiser Energy Consump.: 0.35% Total Annual Energy Consump.: 1.65% 1.65% Savings Through Enhanced Micro-Climate

PET ANALYSIS FOR VERIFICATION OF OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT

Outdoor Thermal Comfort Analysis PET Physiological Equivalent Temperature Universal index for assessment of outdoor thermal comfort

PET ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS PHYSICAL PARAMETERS Air temperature Relative Humidity Wind velocity Cloud Cover Global radiation Mean Radiant Temperature Clothing Activity (MET)

Conclusion

CONCLUSIONS Zero is possible Zero needs a thoughtful approach and takes a coordinated effort Owner needs to set measurable goals and communicate those to the team The solution is not bigger supplies

THANKS leave the earth better than when we started for existence and enrichment of our future generations ASHISH JAIN ASSOCIATE BUILDING ENGINEERING AECOM INDIA ASHISH.JAIN@AECOM.COM