LNG Import Terminals: Challenges and Opportunities 13 th October 2016 Mangesh Patankar Head of Business Development (Asia Pacific), Galway Group www.galwaygroup.com 1
Galway Group has been actively involved in energy projects across the globe Opportunity Definition Concept Framing Small-Scale Deal Development LNG Value chain Financing Asset Operations Canada Netherlands Hawaii USA Puerto Rico Mexico Jamaica US Virgin Islands El Salvador Curacao Panama Colombia Cyprus Bahrain Pakistan Abu Dhabi East Coast India Nigeria Korea Japan Myanmar Thailand Philippines Singapore Vietnam Peru Mozambique Indonesia Mauritius Chile Uruguay South Africa Project Development Support, Techno-Commercial Advisory and Capital Raising Services 2
MTPA Australia and US liquefaction projects are driving a supply glut that will last into the early years of next decade 400 350 Small-Scale LNG Value chain Outages will reduce the forecasted oversupply Supply from pre-fid projects required only beginning 2023 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Existing Under Construction LNG Demand 3
The ensuing supply glut will increase penetration of gas in China & India, as well as firm the role of LNG in emerging markets Emerging markets defined as countries Small-Scale that commenced LNG Value chain LNG imports post 2010 or are likely to commission LNG imports in future China Pakistan Bangladesh India South-East Asia Central Americas and Carribean islands Africa Middle East Emerging LNG Markets (Large Scale & Small Scale) 4
Regas terminals can be classified into two types: Land based and Floating Onshore Standard LNG Terminals Small-Scale LNG Value chain Floating Small Scale LNG Onshore or Floating Vaporizers & Utilities Berth & Mooring System Vaporizers & Utilities Tanks Marine facilities Tanks FSRU or FSU + Regas or FRU + Storage Industry Standard Cost: $0.5 - $1.5+ Billion 3-4 years construction Most suitable for larger, base load service (economics) Require deep water port Require sizeable land area Rapidly growing option Cost: $125-$250+ MM (FSRU) plus $50 - $200+ MM (infrastructure) Construction: 12-30 months Unit costs can be higher depending on throughput Require deep water port Flexibility to redeploy Emerging option Cost: $50+ million Construction: 2+ years Onshore or floating (barges) Unit costs highly dependent on throughput May not require deep water port if serviced by small scale ships/barges 5
Understanding the terminal characteristics is key to selecting the type of regas suitable for the market Key Characteristics Project Lead Time Land based vs FSRU Significantly shorter for FSRU, in countries where Government permitting process is simple Capital Cost Lower unit capex cost for FSRU compared to onshore terminal, but difficult to achieve economies of scale as demand grows Opex Higher for FSRU than onshore regas terminals Weather Conditions Harsh weather conditions will impact the annual terminal availability factor for FSRU Returns Suboptimal utilisation will affect returns for FSRU significantly Shipping Cost Shipping costs likely to be higher for FSRU, given limited storage capacity Site & Market specific feasibility studies required to decide the type of regas, the configuration and the technology 6
Viable LNG Import Terminal Solution is an Important Component of Establishing Credibility with Suppliers Small-Scale LNG Value chain Most LNG sourcing strategies aim to establish a competitive environment amongst potential suppliers to obtain: Competitive price, Fair terms and conditions and Security of supply The buyer would want to involve multiple qualified potential suppliers in a process (Request for Proposal or parallel negotiations) to create that competitive environment To attract multiple qualified potential suppliers, buyer must establish its credibility with potential suppliers Credibility and reliability as a buyer Creditworthiness, Offtake reliability, etc. Credibility and reliability of existing gas and LNG infrastructure Credibility and technical viability of gas and LNG infrastructure development plans 7
Key Takeaways The ensuing LNG supply glut will support the development of emerging importers, thereby increasing the opportunities for investment in regas terminals New markets can be categorised into: Large scale Small Scale (< 1 MTPA) The decision for land-based vs floating is market & location specific. Regas configuration & technology should be acceptable to as many potential suppliers as possible 8
Thank You Head Office: 3009 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 950, Houston, Texas 77056 Phone: +1 713 952 0186 Fax: +1 713 952 9861 Regional Office: 8 Temasek Boulevard #22-04 Suntec Tower 3 Singapore 038988 Phone: +65 6222 7917 Fax: +65 6235 4415 www.galwaygroup.com 9