Principle of Planning Building Drawing Planning and Design Principles of Architecture Functional Planning Best utilization of space Purpose of building :residential, commercial, educational, industrial.. Size and shape of building Structural Durability Durable and Strong Type of construction to be adopted Essential Services Sanitary, water supply, energy /power, heat and sound insulation Planning of all services without causing loss to functionality of building
Principle of Planning (Contd.) Appearance ( Aesthetic) Efforts are made to make building more beautiful Designed to suit surroundings Economy Economical Planning Estimation of quantity and cost Size, Specification, phase wise construction, services may be kept to minimum
Functional Planning of Building Satisfy the present need Future growth Structurally Stable Elegant economical in the long run Use of locally available material Follows rules and regulations Customs, conventions
Planning of building depends on Functional objective and requirements Its component parts, their sizes and relationship between different rooms Shape of the plot regular/irregular (L/B ratio - 1.2 or oblong) Topography of ground (levelled, steep, sloping, split level) Climatic conditions of the place Location and neighbourhood Single storeyed/multi-storeyed Detached/semidetached/raw house
Planning List of Functions Number of occupants Owner s details economical, social, profession Requirements of owner/rooms Provision for garage/porch/staircase (internal/external) Existing and future extension Availability of fund Geological condition of plot
Planning (Contd.) Climatic condition and site condition Municipal bye laws and regulations Measures for the protection of environment Safety and security provision if needed Sub soil/water level etc
Principles of Planning Orientation- Aspect, Prospect Privacy Grouping Circulation Sanitation Flexibility Elegance Landscaping Economy Roominess Future Requirements
Orientation - Aspect and Prospect Setting and placing of building units in relation to sun, wind, topography and outlook It also includes the arrangement of doors/windows in external walls of building (protect inmates from weather s ill effect) Providing convenient access to street and backyard Activities in different rooms takes place at different time, according to activities building units are planned North West Kitchen East (Large Window) KITCHEN East/North-East
East North Bed Room In cold Region To get sunshine early in the Morning
Select direction of breeze East North Bed Room In tropical country: India South Bed room-west or South-West West
Opening in North-East makes living room more comfortable throughout the day East North Living Room In tropical country: India South West Living room facing South receives maximum Sunlight during the day
East Balcony or Verandah should be either East or West Balcony North Room South Verandah West Balcony or Verandah should be preferred on West side to keep adjoining room cool
Public building East Long walls towards north & south Short wall towards east & west North Auditorium South Orientation North-South West North-South orientation is good, minimize the area of the wall exposed to sun.
Windows on east/west and south side should be provided with weather shed to cut off the sun rays
Aspect Aspect deals with the art of positioning longer walls, room opening, chajja of a building in such a way that occupants derive maximum benefits from natural sources
Aspect with respect to Sun NW Bed room N Midnight 24 Reading, Store, Studio, Ladder, Class Room NE W 18 6 E Summer Sun SW Dining Living Midday 12 S Kitchen SE Winter Sun
Prospect Art of positioning of openings to have desirable views Occupants enjoy scenery outside through window Projected bay windows or concealing undesired view from
Concealing Undesired View
Privacy Privacy of building from other building Growing trees/creepers Compound wall having height 1.5 m minimum Glass Windows Screen walls Privacy in the building itself Providing proper location of D,W,V Proper grouping of room Screen/curtain/wooden partition Avoid entry from room/through the passages
More Privacy Less Privacy
Circulation Circulation: the access into or out of a room Vertical Circulation ( From one floor to other) Stairs Lifts Ramp in public building like shopping mall, theatres, Horizontal Circulation (from room to room of the same floor) Achieved through passage, corridor, halls, lobbies, Passage : Wide, lighted, straight Free from obstruction
Location of Door: Concept of circulation of space Door in the middle of wide room
Roominess: Feeling for space Psychological conclusion drawn out of size and shape formed by you Room should look spacious by Suitable dimensions Length and breadth (L/B = 1.2 to 1.5) Arrangement of furniture Height of building Avoid projected cup board Project some part of room outside Avoid Offsets in the wall Position of D, W and V L/B 21 m Colour light Pleasant 2 Dark gloomy Length 5.0 Breadth 4.42 L/B >2 21 m 2 Length 3.0 Breadth 7.0
Grouping Grouping: Planning of two or more related rooms in proximity of each other Minimize circulation, sequence of function should be maintained Increase comfort, privacy, Convenience Verandah Living room ( more numbers of visitors can be accommodate in verandah) Dining Close to kitchen ( service, odour and smoke of kitchen Living-Dining (social gathering) Bed room-toilet-dressing (better privacy)
Grouping Bath-w/c (plumbing services) Kitchen-backyard (cleaning, vision outside) Staircase in the middle of building (Easy access, quick movement) Toilet/bath/w/c away or separated by passage
Furniture Arrangement: Planning of building unit Planning of building unit looking to the requirements of furniture Space required to carry out the activities Arrangement of furniture (circulation space) Different layout of the building
Sanitation Light( proper orientation, design of window) Illuminate house, natural lighting, Artificial lighting, no glare Ventilation (fresh & cool air, location of window) Cleanliness (surface of the floor, finishing, wall paper, design of door, window frame and shutter)
Flexibility Functional requirement of building unit can be changed Living can be changed as bed room for guest Kitchen can be dining
Elegance Appearance of building Elevation of building should be such that it speaks out itself the purpose Selection of better material Glass, FRP Timber (polished) Design of verandah, column, chhaja, balconies Different design of window
ECONOMY Restrict the liberty of Architect Economy should not have evil effect on utility, durability and safety Planning for long term
General Features of Building
Minimum distance from electric line