Work in the 21 st Century: An Introduction to Industrial- Organizational Psychology By Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte 1 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 The Motivation to Work 2 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Module 1: An Introduction to Motivation Central position of motivation in psychology Brief history of motivation theory Maslow s need theory Skinner s behaviorist approach Lewin s Field Theory and group dynamics 3 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Module 1 (continued) Metaphors for motivation Person-as-machine Person-as-God-like Person-as-scientist Person-as-judge 4 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Module 1 (continued) Meaning and importance of motivation in the workplace Performance Work-life balance Attitudes Personality 5 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Module 2: Motivational Theories Classic Approaches Person-as-machine theories Maslow s need theory 6 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Person-as-Machine Theories (continued) Variations on Maslow s theory Two Factor Theory Hygiene needs and motivator needs ERG theory Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Reinforcement theory Intermittent and continuous rewards 7 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Module 2 (continued) Person-as-God-like theories: the scientist model Vroom s VIE theory Path-Goal theory Valence, Instrumentality, and Expectancy Equity theory Comparative inputs and outputs 8 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagram of Goal Theory 9 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Module 3: Modern Approaches to Work Motivation Person-as-intentional Goal setting theory Feedback loop and control theory Challenges Levels of explanation Control theories and the concept of selfregulation 10 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Control Theory view of Goal Setting 11 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Simple Control Systems Model 12 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Module 3 (continued) Concept of self-efficacy in modern motivation theory Self-efficacy is developed and increased through: Mastery experiences Modeling Social persuasion Physiological states 13 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Self-Efficacy in Modern Motivation Theory (continued) Action theory or Rubicon theory Action phases in active goal pursuit Predecisional Postdecisional Actional Evaluative 14 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagram of the Action Process 15 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Self-Efficacy in Modern Motivation Theory (continued) Common themes in modern approaches Intention Feedback Person-as-scientist element Self-assessment Some non-cognitive element 16 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Module 4: Practical Issues in Motivation Can motivation be measured? Motivation Trait Questionnaire (MTQ) Cross-cultural issues Generational differences and work motivation Motivational interventions Contingent rewards Job enrichment 17 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Motivational Interventions (Continued) Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES) Steps for implementation 1) Forming a design team 2) Identifying objectives 3) Identifying indicators 4) Defining contingencies 5) Designing the feedback system 6) Giving and responding to feedback 7) Monitoring the system 18 Copyright The Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6