India

Institutional Interventions for preparing the Indian farmer to face an Uncertain Future M.V.Ashok Chief General Manager National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development Mumbai India mv.ashok@nabard.org, mvashok2007@gmail.com Agenda Incredible India! Agriculture in the Indian context Climate change and associated changes in Indian agriculture Institution profiles NGO profiles Conclusion 1

India India 2

Taj Mahal (one of the 7 Wonders of the world) Mt. Everest (Highest Peak in the World) 3

Incredible India! India is the world's largest democracy, with 1.2 Billion people. World's biggest gathering of humans with 100 million people who come to India's Kumbh Mela a religious festival Richest man in India, Mukesh Ambani, built a home valued at US$1 Billion with 27 floors, 3 helipads, a 6-floor car park, a staff of 600, a 4 floor hanging garden and a cinema theatre. World's biggest family lives together in India: a man with 39 wives and 94 children! India's "Go Air" airline hires only female flight attendants because they are lighter, so they can save up to US$500,000 per year in the future Population of India India is more populated than the entire Western Hemisphere of the Earth. India is expected to be the world's most populous country by 2050. With 1.6 billion people, it will almost equal the U.S. and China's population combined. 4

Agro Climatic zones of India Agriculture in the India context India is a very large country, covering about 2.4 per cent of the world s land surface area. Second largest population in the world, 1.20 billion people in 2010, ( 15 per cent of the world s population) 50% of the workforce depend on agriculture largely dependent on monsoon. India ranks second worldwide in farm output. India is the world's largest producer of many fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, major spices, India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, the world's major food crop. India is one of the world's five largest producers of livestock and poultry meat, World's largest supplier of rice, cotton, sugar and wheat worldwide. Seventh largest agricultural exporter of agriculture products. 5

Climate change and Indian agriculture Climate change most critical global challenges of our times Impacts range from affecting agriculture to sea-level rise India more vulnerable in view of the high population depending on agriculture India is highly vulnerable to various natural hazards such as droughts, floods, heat waves and cyclones. Changing scenario in Indian agriculture Rice & Wheat production to decrease by almost a tonne/hectare if the temperature rises by 2 degree celsius. Agriculture will be affected in the coastal regions as fertile areas are vulnerable to inundation and salinisation. Major impacts of climate change will be on rain fed or unirrigated crops, cultivated on nearly 60 percent of cropland. 6

The Royal Bengal Tiger Government of India Indian Council of Agricultural Research State Agricultural Universities National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD) International organizations of German origin like the GiZ, KfW UNDP World Bank Institutions in India assisting farmers with Climate Change adaptation Non-Governmental Organizations 7

Government of India interventions India has signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and has acceded to the Kyoto Protocol in 2002. Government of India formulated the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) on June, 2008 NAPCC Established 8 National Missions Solar Water Green India Sustainable Habitat Sustainable Agriculture Enhanced Energy Efficiency Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change Indian Council of Agricultural Research Autonomous organisation under Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India Established in 1929 Apex body for Co-ordinating, Guiding and Managing Research and Education in Agriculture Largest National Agricultural Systems in the world 101 Research Institutes and 71 Agricultural Universities spread across the country ICAR launched the National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) in 2011 8

Agricultural Knowledge Centres Agricultural Knowledge Centres ( Krishi Vigyan Kendras- KVKs) Impart vocational training to the practicing farmers, KVKs have been established under Indian Council of Agricultural Research 660 KVKs in India (one per district) Largely promoted by the State Agricultural Universities (SAU) 100 of such KVKs identified as partners for the technology demonstration for Climate change adaptation India Meteorological Department Responsible for Meteorological observations, Weather Forecasting IMD operates hundreds of observation stations across India & Antarctica. IMD is also one of the six Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres of the World Meteorological Organisation. Agro-meteorology advisory service (AMAS), in practice by the IMD, since 1945. 9

Science Express by the Ministry of Railways Indian Railways flagged off Science Express with 16 coaches Creating awareness among the public about climate change. Will spend seven months traveling across the country for 19000 km Will cover 68 stations across 20 states across India Will end on September 8, 2017 The Great Indian One Horned Rhinoceros 10

NABARD s interventions for Climate Change National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD) Set up as a DFI in 1982 Functions of NABARD Credit dispensation Developmental Supervisory NABARD and Adaptation Fund of UNFCC NABARD is NIE for India Can access funds from : Adaptation Fund Green Climate Fund National Adaptation Fund NABARD s thematic areas of forestry, agriculture, animal husbandry, land development, minor irrigation, etc., with emission reduction potential. 11

NABARD s climate change adaptation program Integrated Watershed Development Programme : NABARD implementing sustainable farming systems right from 1995 onwards with focus on: Soil & Water Conservation Weather based cropping pattern Livestock in a Climate Change Perspective Alternative livelihoods, Renewable energy Biodiversity conservation Capacity Building of people and Capacity development of Institutions NABARD & GOI established Watershed Development Fund Tribal Development Programs Started with German support for Tribal Area Development About 0.15 million ha area has so far been brought under tree cover. Mature trees will also mitigate the climate change by sequestering carbon. Benefited 556 projects covering 0.38 m tribal families with financial assistance of US$ 345 million grant assistance 12

Natural Resource Management (UPNRM) NABARD and kfw a German Development agency launched the Programme on Natural Resources Management (UPNRM) Sustainable livelihood solutions rural poor based on the sustainable use and management of natural resources. Channel partners (agencies) are supported for implementing various types of sustainable NRM projects Funding through a corpus from KfW +NABARD. Loan based interventions Benefited 169 projects with loan assistance of US $ 67 million Technical Assistance provided by GiZ of Germany Pilot Projects of NABARD on Climate Change Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) project : NABARD implemented a Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) project with a fund support of US$ 3.5 million in 72 villages in the 3 states covering an area of 44,772 ha Objective to improve the adaptive capacities of rural communities benefitting 71,541 people. Agro-meteorology for tracking weather patterns at the village level leading to generation of advisories to farmers on what steps to take in emergency conditions. Water budgeting, crop planning, adaptive and sustainable agronomic practices and irrigation management. Climate Proofing of Watershed projects : Climate proofing of watersheds in 2 states (two watersheds each) Increasing capacities of communities and institutions 13

What s the main difference between African elephants and Indian elephants? About 7,000 miles Other Institutions involved in Climate Change work NGOs Tata Trust M S Swaminathan Foundation Watershed Development Trust BAIF PRADAN DILASA SRIJAN VRUTTI WRI International Organisations GiZ & kfw UNDP World Bank 14

Role of Non-Governmental Organisations NGOs best suited to create adaptive capacities. Climate change is locally experienced Can only be effectively addressed by engaging local groups and institutions. Building up capacities of local groups, communities, local institutions and stakeholders and empowering them as active participants are a pre-condition. India has about 500 NGOs across India implementing watershed projects and Tribal Development projects funded by NABARD. Salient features of a few major NGOs operating across the country are captured here The Tata Trusts The TATA trusts are unsung heroes of philanthropy in India Set up in 1919, involved in: natural resource management and rural livelihoods; Supports other smaller non-profit organisations, individuals and institutions, and the areas focused on include rural livelihoods and communities; Watershed Organsation Trust (WOTR) WOTR is a not-for-profit NGO founded in 1993 by Fr. Hermann Bacher, Operating in 7 states in India Major NGOs WOTR is recognised widely as a premier institution in the field of and Climate Change Adaptation through its participatory Watershed Development process. 15

Major NGOs M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) Dr.M S.Swaminthan Renowned Agricultural Scientist of India, Father of Green Revolution in India Established in 1988 as a not-for-profit trust, with proceeds from the First World Food Prize that he received in 1987. MSSRF follows a pro-poor, pro-women and pro-nature approach and applies appropriate science and technology. MSSRF has been associated with the following project in India which in connection with climate change adaptation. Contextualizing Climate Change discussions to Tamil Nadu State Community afforestation efforts in Odisha State Training for Scientists on Agrobiodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Adaptation BAIF Development Research Foundation Established in 1967 by Dr. Manibhai Desai, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi considered as the Father of the nation BAIF is committed to provide sustainable livelihood to the rural poor through climate-resilient agriculture, management of natural resources BAIF provide services to over 5 million small and marginal landless families spread over one lakh villages in backward regions of 16 states in the country. Introducing crop-based farm diversification by augmenting the farm with trees (both fruit and forestry) and other perennials which is integrated with soil conservation along with water resource management and introduction of improved agricultural crops and practices. Major NGOs Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) PRADAN intervention focus on the following broad areas of livelihood : Forest based Livelihood largely for tribals Natural Resource Management based Livelihood Development Livestock based Livelihood Development DILASA Dilasa is a Non-Government Organisation of India working with the mission of rural development which has implemented watershed programme on 4.65 lakh ha of land Lot of work in micro irrigation, women development and livelihood enhancement. Contributed to agro forestry, re-carbonizing the land and rejuvenation of rivers.. 16

Major NGOs Self-Reliant Initiatives through Joint ActioN (SRIJAN) Multi-state NGO established in 1979 and working in 5 states of India. in 750 villages, with over 2000 SHGs and 40,000 families Interventions cover : Agriculture & Horticulture Natural Resource Management Dairy & Livestock Community Institution Building Vrutti Vrutti is another NGO in India established in 2004 Established Centre for Sustainable Livelihoods Vrutti partners with NABARD and GiZ to do baseline study connected with climate change adaptation International Organisations GiZ (Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammernabeit) GiZ, a German Government Technical service agency Supporting NABARD for the Climate Proofing component Contributing to improving the livelihoods and adaptive capacities of vulnerable rural communities in India. Focuses on integrating the climate change adaptation in various sector policy decisions. Aims to develop concrete pilot experiences on adaptation measures together with the Indian state development programmes. KFW KfW (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau) KFW is a Financial Institution of the Government of Germany. Promotional Bank for the German and a Development Bank for the developing countries. NABARD, KFW development bank and GiZ are collectively implementing the Programme for Natural Resource Management UPNRM Project of KFW helps for Climate Proofing with Key Features like Sustainable Natural Resources conservation. 17

World Resources Institute World Resources Institute (WRI) India and NABARD have partnered to address sustainable management of resources NABARD and WRI India together work in the areas of climate change adaptation. WRI India brings global, multi-disciplinary research and leverage NABARD s tremendous experience in rural development. Priority areas are deployment of adaptation tools, local level adaptation planning, and restoration as adaptation approaches International Organisations UNDP UNDP's climate change work falls into four main areas: Helping people to adapt make poor people less vulnerable on all fronts including access to basic energy services Assisting developing countries have the knowledge and skills they need Help to make carbon finance work for the poor Energising and climate-proofing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) World Bank World Bank has signed a series of agreements with India to boost climate change mitigation projects. World Bank project focusses on climate resilient farming project in over 5,000 villages in drought-affected areas. Water conservation and changes in agriculture patterns to boost productivity and to make these villages more resilient towards changes in climate will be introduced. Project aims to improve adaptive capacity of the rural poor engaged in farm-based livelihoods to cope with climate variability and change. WB assistance of US$ 8 million for Sustainable Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change (SLACC) Project signed recently between the GOI & WB. 18

Conclusion Adaptation to climate change in India requires integrated solutions that simultaneously address livelihood improvements, environmental sustainability Integrated approach that India follows with various Institutions partnernering to combat climate change problems of the future is ideal for Indian farmers Proactive measures for adaptation to climate variability taken by various Institutions to help Indian farmers Various Institutions addressing adaptation problems of Indian farmers who have the least adaptive capacity effectively are doing their best India s national bird - The Peacock 19

Thank You M. V. Ashok Chief General Manager National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development Mumbai, India mv.ashok@nabard.org, mvashok2007@gmail.com 20