Bahamas
Acknowledgments 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433, U.S.A. Internet: www.worldbank.org
Introduction In response to a growing interest in understanding (Intended) Nationally Determined Contributions ((I)NDCs) and with regard to the ultimate goal of supporting countries' implementation of their national climate targets, the World Bank Climate Policy Team (WB CPT) has reviewed all developing countries (I)NDCs' submitted to the UNFCCC. The (I)NDC Content Brief aims to provide a summary analysis of existing and instead country mitigation and adaptation policies and plans, commitments and targets, implementation strategies and sector priorities, associated costs and conditionalities, and stated gaps and needs, among other issues. The (I)NDC content briefs are created solely on the basis of information from submitted (I)NDCs and makes no inferences about robustness, quality, or viability of intended policies or actions. The (I)NDCs review will help implementing organizations like the World Bank Group (WBG) identify and familiarize with a range of country priorities in terms of sectoral engagement, and needs in terms of capacity building, technology transfer, and financing. Based on this comprehensive mapping exercise, the WBG will develop a useful, easy to use, and interactive database and briefs of all (I)NDCs to inform a wide range of WBG initiatives and client engagement processes, including the development of Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) and Country Partnership Frameworks (CPFs), and at a later stage respond to the more specific requests from all WBG Global Practices (GPs), regions, and country units for the identification of potential development opportunities, analytical studies and technical assistance to support countries' implementation of planned policies and actions. In depth summaries of (I)NDCs by sectors and regions will be prepared at a later stage. In regards to Adaptation, although no global adaptation mechanism is established, the Paris Agreement parties are required to engage in adaptation planning and implementation of actions which include preparation of adaptation plans. The Adaptation section of a large number of submitted (I)NDCs, aims to increase development planning and scale the ability of countries to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten sustainable development. In addition to requested finance, the implementation of country commitments is largely tied to significant amounts of external assistance to support development and execution of adaptation plans. Although subsequent (I)NDCs are not explicitly required to have an adaptation component, the process will ensure increased resilience is recognized under the UNFCCC and climate finance mobilization is enhanced with an aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation flows.
Table of Contents I Overall Planning and Preparation Process II Mitigation Economy wide Targets Economy wide Policies Mitigation Actions and Policies III Adaptation Adaptation Targets Adaptation Context Adaptation Actions and Policies Acronyms BAU Business as Usual NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions CIF PPCR Climate Investment Funds Pilot Program for Climate Resilience NAP National Adaptation Plan DRM Disaster Risk Management NAPA National Adaptation Programmes of Action INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions REDD+ Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries LEDS Low Emission Development Strategy LULUCF Land Use and Land Use Change and Forestry
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution Overall Planning and Preparation Process $N/A (in Billion USD) TOTAL COST OF IMPLEMENTATION How reliable is the prioritization of the (I)NDC? How serious is the government about implementing policies and actions to achieve the (I)NDC targets? Political decision of adoption of INDC at: Technical development of INDC through a participatory process YES YES Have development benefits been assessed and considered in the planning process? Are there climate policies and actions already in place/under development? YES
Existing policies: Has the INDC development been supported by a development partner? Implementation Plans and Needs Specific requests for international provision of means of implementation: YES YES YES Does the INDC intend the private sector to be involved in the implementation of the NDC? Are carbon pricing/international market mechanisms intended? Are there any barriers identified? YES Bahamas INDC Factsheet (projected per capita emissions): http://www.climate energy college.net/files/site1/factsheets/bahamas_indcfactsheet_uom PRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Bahamas (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution Mitigation ECONOMY-WIDE TARGETS TARGET YEAR 2030 Conditionality: 0.90 TARGET TYPE -30% Relative Emission Reduction Compared to BAU (%) in Billion USD) ( COST OF IMPLEMENTATION Unconditional part of mitigation target: Estimated costs for implementation: Conditional part of mitigation target: Estimated costs for implementation: Coverage of Gases: Other Targets: POLICIES: CO 2, CH 4, N 2O National Forest Estate Energy-efficiency building code Taxes on inefficient vehicles; lower import duties on hybrid and electric vehicles Climate Policy Team World Bank Group
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES Targets: 10% Residential Energy Self Generation Programmes P. 6 Estimated total costs for implementation: Capacity building needs: Technology needs: Unconditional part of mitigation target: Conditional part of mitigation target: Emission reduction potential: Plans: Energy: General P. 6 Demand-Side Efficiency: Buildings P. 7 Renewable Energy P. 6 Renewable Energy: Biofuels P. 7 Renewable Energy: Waste-to-Energy P. 6 Renewable Energy: Wind P. 6 Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy: Ocean
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES DEMAND-SIDE EFFICIENCY: BUILDINGS Policies: Energy-efficiency building code P. 7 Estimated total costs for implementation: Capacity building needs: Technology needs: Unconditional part of mitigation target: Conditional part of mitigation target: Emission reduction potential:
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES RENEWABLE ENERGY Targets: A minimum of 30% renewables in the energy mix by 2030 P. 6 Estimated total costs for implementation: Capacity building needs: Technology needs: Unconditional part of mitigation target: Conditional part of mitigation target: Emission reduction potential:
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy efficiency initiative P. 7 Estimated total costs for implementation: Capacity building needs: Technology needs: Unconditional part of mitigation target: Conditional part of mitigation target: Emission reduction potential:
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT Policies: National Forest Estate P. 8 Estimated total costs for implementation: Capacity building needs: Technology needs: Unconditional part of mitigation target: Conditional part of mitigation target: Emission reduction potential:
MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES VEHICLE FLEET Policies: Taxes on inefficient vehicles; lower import duties on hybrid and electric vehicles Estimated total costs for implementation: Capacity building needs: Technology needs: Unconditional part of mitigation target: Conditional part of mitigation target: Emission reduction potential: P. 7
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Bahamas (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution Adaptation ADAPTATION TARGETS N/A TARGET YEAR N/A in Billion USD) ( COST OF IMPLEMENTATION ADAPTATION CONTEXT Existing National Development/Resilience Policies and Plans National Communications NAPs NAPAS CIF-PPCRs Sectoral Strategies Cross-cutting NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY (2013) AMENDED FORESTRY ACT (2014) NATIONAL CLIMATE ADAPTATION POLICY (2006) REGIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ACHIEVING DEVELOPMENT RESILIENT TO CLIMATE CHANGE (2009-2015) Conditionality: Unconditional part of adaptation implementation Conditional part of adaptation implementation Conditional upon international provision of means of implementation Climate Policy Team World Bank Group N/A N/A
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES COASTAL MANAGEMENT Target: In 2008, as a part of the Caribbean Challenge Initiative, we committed to the protection of 20% of our near shore marine environment by 2020, and have this year (2015) achieved half of our goal. CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Coastal and Marine Resources and Fisheries: Adopt short-, medium-, and long-termmeasures to protect coastlines and increase the resilience of coastal ecosystems, enforcement of setbacks, and restoration of coastal wetlands P. 3 P. 5 Funder Implementing Agency Cost Estimation Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES HEALTH SERVICES AND ASSESSMENT CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Tracking data on environmental conditions, disease risks, and conditions, related to climate change. Enhancing the science base to better understand the relationship between climate change and health outcomes. Identifying locations and population groups at greatest risk for specific groups at greatest risk for specific health threats, such as heat waves. Expanding capacity for modeling and forecasting health effects that may be climate -related. Funder Implementing Agency Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Cost Estimation P. 4 Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES ( ) CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: DISASTER RELIEF AND RECOVERY Financial and Insurance Sectors: An option available is to reduce property insurance cost for high-elevation lots and impose higher property insurance for properties at lower elevations. Funder Implementing Agency Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Cost Estimation P. 5 Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Human settlements: Relocation of communities from the shoreline. New coastal defenses have been built and existing ones strengthened. Building codes have been made more robust to mitigate against increase wind loadings; and adapted to a loss of freshwater by employing reverse osmosis facilities throughout our islands to provide access to potable water P. 5 Funder Implementing Agency Cost Estimation Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES TOURISM: GENERAL CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Work with stakeholders in the tourism sector to develop a strategic plan, which incorporates Climate Change considerations and appropriate measures such as water conservation programmes, as well as general sustainability concerns. Funder Implementing Agency Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Cost Estimation P. 4 Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES FOOD SECURITY CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Agriculture, livestock development and Fisheries: Formulate and implement strategies and measures which will help to enhance food security and sustainable food production P. 4 Funder Implementing Agency Cost Estimation Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES / SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Further quantify costs for Forest Estate Management Plan for monitoring, imagery and sustainable forestry management practices. Funder Implementing Agency Cost Estimation Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: P. 5 Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional usd 100.00 million Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES ENERGY: GENERAL CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Promote the use of less carbon intensive fuels P. 5 Funder Implementing Agency Cost Estimation Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES WATER INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Address retrofitting water and sewage infrastructures: Continue the trend of employing reverse osmosis facilities throughout our islands to provide access to potable water to adapt to loss of freshwater by saltwater intrusion. P. 5 Funder Implementing Agency Cost Estimation Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building:
ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES TRANSPORT: GENERAL CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: Regulate motor vehicle emissions by setting and enforcing standards, and enforcing proper maintenance of private and public vehicles; Introducing a system that captures data critical to climate change. E.g. Number of motor vehicles; national mandatory communications and data submissions with/to Dept. of Statistics P. 5 Funder Implementing Agency Cost Estimation Total Implementation Cost per Subsector: Total Implementation Cost for Unconditional Total Implementation Cost for Conditional Implementation Needs: Technology Transfer: Capacity Building: