Japanese Policy for Cleaner Coal - Towards Zero Emission

Japanese Policy for Cleaner Coal - Towards Zero Emission

1. The development of more efficient coal-fired power plants 2. The commercialization of CCS 7 3. International cooperation in Clean Coal Technology (CCT) 10 1

1. The development of more efficient coal-fired power plants (1) Coal-fired power plants technological innovation and CO2 exhaust unit requirements Coal-fired Pulverized coal fired 887g-CO2/kWh1 Pulverized coal fired (the newest USC 800g-CO2/kWh2 (Isogo Thermal Power Station) IGCC (1300-GT) 758g-CO2/kWh2 IGCC (1500-GT) 709g-CO2/kWh2 IGFC (target of EAGLE Project) 593g-CO2/kWh2 Oil-fired 704g-CO2/kWh 1 LNG-fired Gas-fired Combined 478g-CO2/kWh1 408g-CO2/kWh1 kwh the sending-end CRIEPI News, No. 338 The trial calculation value and precondition of A power company: CO2 emission factor of steam coal 0.0247t-C/GJ (Source: The Calculation and Reporting Manual for Greenhouse Gas) Sending-end efficiency: the newest UGC41%, IGCC (1300GT 43%, IGCC (1500GT 46%, IGFC55% 2

1. The development of more efficient coal-fired power plants (2) Development of environment-friendly coal utilization technology in Japan Japan, which depends on imports for nearly 100% of its coal supply, has been making a continuous effort to develop and implement high-efficiency coal-fired power generation technology. Development of High-efficiency Coal-fired Thermal Power Plants ~ World s Most Advanced Application of High-efficiency Plants ~ Designed Thermal Efficiency Gross, HHV 44% 42% Adoption of Latest Technology from Europe and the United States (reheating cycle) Yokosuka Thermal Power Plant, Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (265MW) 16. 6MPa, 566/566?C First use of Supercritical Steam Condition on coal-fired thermal power plant Matsushima Power Station, J-POWER (500MW) 24. 1MPa, 538/538?C Higher Efficiency Misumi Power Station, Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. (1000MW) 24.5MPa, 600/600?C *IGCC Technology Development 40% 38% 36% Karita Thermal Power Station, Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. (75MW) 10MPa, 538/ 538?C Use of Ultra-Supercritical Steam Condition Hekinan Thermal Power Station, Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. (700MW) 24.1MPa, 538/593?C (Complied based on Thermal and Nuclear Power of October 2006) 3

1. The development of more efficient coal-fired power plants (3) Environment-friendly coal utilization technology in Japan (power sector) Japan s coal-fired power generation has achieved the world s highest thermal efficiency (41.6%). Installed capacity (by utilities) of coal-fired power plants in Japan is 37GW, which is 1/10 of China, 1/8 of the U.S., 1/2 of India and the equivalent of Germany. Changes in the Coal-fired Thermal Power Plant Efficiency by Country Thermal Efficiency(Gross, LHV) Japan Germany Installed Capacity of Coal-fired Thermal Power Plants by Country (10,000 kw) 10 times of Japan 8 times of Japan Source: ECOFYS, International Comparison of Fossil Power Generation Efficiency (2008) 2006 results: 41.6% in Japan, 40.0 % in Germany, 36.7% in the United States, 35.9% in Australia, 32.1% in China, and 31.8% in India 2 times of Japan Japan China US India Germany Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2008 and the website of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, Germany 4

1. The development of more efficient coal-fired power plants (4) Efficiency improvement of coal-fired thermal power plants Integrated Coal Gasification FuelCell Combined Cycle (IGFC) Net (HHV) Ultra Supercritical Coal-fired Thermal Power Generation (USC) 6 00 Level 4 2% 1 700 Level GT 5 0% 1 500 Level GT 4 6 ~ 4 8% 7 50 Level 4 8% 7 00 Level 4 6% Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Advanced Ultra Supercritical Coal-fired Thermal Power Generation (A-USC) Year Source: Cool Earth 50 Energy Innovative Technology Plan 5

1. The development of more efficient coal-fired power plants (5) Technology roadmaps toward 2050 Outline of technology roadmaps for Clean Coal & CCS 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 IGFC 40% reduction compared with USC 41% Demo plant Demo plant IGCC 48% (1500class) 55% (600 MW-class) 65% (A-IGFC) 30% reduction compared with USC 50% (1700class) 57% (A-IGCC) USC Advanced ultra-super-critical power generation (A-USC) 42% (600class) 46% 48% (750class) (700class) about 10% reduction compared with USC Capture cost $42 t-co2 $20s/t-CO2 Separation and capture of CO2 $10s/t-CO2 Pilot study Large-scale demonstration Geological storage of CO2 Ocean separation and capture of CO2 6

2. The commercialization of CCS (1) Demonstration Projects (planned) IGCC/IGFC (oxygen-blown) Capture Ready Osaki Coolgen Project IGCC (air-blown) Capture Retrofit/Pipeline/Storage Nakoso Power Plant Storage (2) Pilot Scale Projects (CCS) PCC Post-Combustion (chemical absorption) Project Nagaoka JPOWER Matsushima Coal Fired Plant PCC Oxy-fuel Callide A Coal Plant IGCC (oxygen-blown) Pre-Combustion (physical absorption) Wakamatsu Research Institute EAGLE test facilities 7

2. The commercialization of CCS (3) Feasibility Studies bearing in mind the total system of CCS covering injection of CO2. In regard to CCS of CO2 occurring at a coal-fired power station, developing a realistic transportation system is an important concern. During the present basic study, we will plan the realization and commercialization of the total system. (4) Basic Research on CCT and CCS (1) Fundamental research related to coal gasification Study on the efficiency improvement of power generation systems with CO2 capture in integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generation Study on Next-generation, High-efficiency Integrated Coal Gasification Electric Power Generating Process (A-IGCC) (2) Basic Research on Membrane Technology for Separation of CO2 8

2. The commercialization of CCS (5) Establishment of Japan CCS Co., Ltd. 11 electric power companies (all majors) Tokyo, Kansai, and Chubu, etc. 5 petroleum companies (all majors) Nippon, Idemitsu, Japan Energy, Cosmo, and Showa Shell 5 engineering companies (all majors) Nippon Steel Eng., JFE Eng., Chiyoda, JGC, and Toyo Eng. 3 petroleum resource development (all majors) Arabian Oil, INPEX, and JAPEX 2 iron and steel companies JFE Steel and Sumitomo Metal Industries 1 chemical, 1 general trading and 1 non-ferrous metal and cement company Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Mitsubishi Corporation Mitsubishi Materials Corporation 9

3. International cooperation in Clean Coal Technology (CCT) (1) Promotion of CCS projects combined with Coal-fired Power Generation Callide A (Oxy-fuel + CCS) Demonstration project by Japan and Australia (Queensland. Technical cooperation with China on CCS + EOR projects and environmental issues Japan U.S. Collaboration on CCS (July 2009) Japan Canada CCS Dialogue (Sep 2009) (2) Technical cooperation with Asian countries on CCT Japan is promoting international cooperation through multilateral frameworks such as APP and APEC, and bilateral frameworks. Major coal exporters to Japan such as Australia and Indonesia are especially important t for technical cooperation in CCT. Cooperation Program with China and India on Renovation of Existing Coal-fired Power Plants is expected to contribute to mitigating global warming. Callide A Demonstration project launch event At the Third Japan-China Energy Conservation Forum The third Meeting of the Japan-India Energy Dialogue 10

3. International Cooperation in Clean Coal Technology (CCT) (3) Implementation of the Clean Coal for the Earth Initiative ~ From Japan to the World: Dissemination of Clean Coal Utilization Technology Diagram of Coal-fired Thermal Power Plant Efficiency in Japan and Technology Transfer Japan China India 1970s Subcritical Steam Condition 36% - Generally subcritical steam condition common in small-scale plants - Generally subcritical steam condition common in small-scale plants 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Supercritical Steam Condition (SC) 38% Ultra Supercritical Steam Condition (USC) 4042% Practical Application of IGCC 43% - Average efficiency approximately 30% - Operation of 600MWSC plants started around 2000 - Technology transfer from Japanese manufacturers to local companies - Operation of 1000MWUSC plants started in recent years - Cooperation from the Japanese electric power companies - Strong interest in IGCC - Average efficiency approximately 30% - Promote the Ultra Mega Power Project (Construction plan for large-scale SC Plants) - Japanese manufacturers engaging in joint ventures with local companies - No USC plants, not yet Practical Application of IGFC 55% 11

3. International Cooperation in Clean Coal Technology (CCT) (3) Implementation of the Clean Coal for the Earth Initiative ~ From Japan to the World: Dissemination of Clean Coal Utilization Technology CO2 Emissions of Coal-fired Thermal Power Plants (2004) Note: In the case of applying the best practice (highest efficiency level of commercial power plants) of Japan to the existing plants of each country. Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEE Japan), Achievement data: World Energy Outlook 2006 (IEA) 12

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