MIELIE-INLIGTINGSGIDS MAIZE INFORMATION GUIDE 2013 2
M I G 2 0 1 3 MIELIE-INLIGTINGSGIDS MAIZE INFORMATION GUIDE Saamgestel deur die LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse Compiled by the ARC-Grain Crops Institute Hierdie publikasie word befonds deur die Mielietrust This publication is funded by the Maize Trust 3
Saamgestel deur die LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse 'n Instituut van die Landbounavorsingsraad Compiled by ARC-Grain Crops Institute An Institute of the Agricultural Research Council Privaatsak / Private Bag X1251 Potchefstroom, 2520 Tel: (018) 299 6100 Faks / Fax: (018) 294 7146 Landbounavorsingsraad / Agricultural Research Council Sneha Mary James - Skakelbeampte: LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse / - Public Relations Offi cer: ARC-Grain Crops Institute Greenpepper Communication (012) 332 189 Seriti Printing (012) 333 9757 4
INHOUDSOPGAWE / CONTENTS Voorwoord.............................. 6 Kultivarevaluering........................... 8 Witmielie Kwaliteitsinligting..................... 46 Bemesting............................. 52 Grondbewerking en Bewaringsboerdery................ 91 Trekkrag toets op grondbewerkingsimplemente............. 105 Onkruidbeheer in geen bewerking................... 111 Onkruiddoderskade aan mielies.................... 121 Chemiese onkruidbeheer....................... 122 Onkruiddoderlys........................... 128 Gewasbeskerming.......................... 144 Plant parasitiese aalwurm op mielies.................. 180 Insekplae............................. 191 Afrika kommandowurm........................ 200 Voordelige insekspesies....................... 204 Probleme met landboumiddels.................... 209 Publikasies............................. 213 Erkenning.............................. 215 Aantekeninge............................ 216 Preface................................ 7 Cultivar evaluation.......................... 10 White maize quality information................... 47 Fertilisation............................. 72 Soil Cultivation and Conservation Agriculture.............. 98 Testing of drawbar power for tillage implements............. 108 Weed control in no-till........................ 116 Herbicide damage to maize..................... 121 Chemical weed control....................... 125 Herbicide list............................ 128 Crop protection........................... 154 Plant parasitic nematodes on maize.................. 186 Insect pests............................. 191 African army worm......................... 203 Beneficial insect species....................... 204 Problems with agrochemicals..................... 211 Publications............................. 213 Acknowledgement.......................... 215 Notes............................... 216 5
VOORWOORD Die kompeterendheid van die Suid Afrikaanse mielie-industrie het in die afgelope seisoen voordelig sy man gestaan as gevolg van n bestendige internasionale onder-voorsiening in verhouding tot aanvraag. n Bydraende faktor tussen klomp ander tot laasgenoemde is die onvoorspelbare frekwensie van droogtes en nie voordelige groeitoestande wat voorkom in die belangrikste uitvoer-lande. Ons weet ook nie of dit die resultaat is van normale weerspatrone en of dit n indikasie van klimaatsverandering aandui. Wat egter seker is, is dat daar n toename in aanvraag is na stapelvoedsels soos mielies om die wêreld se sewe biljoen populasie te voed sowel as om aan die behoefte vir dierevoeding en industriële gebruik te voldoen. Om maksimum voordeel te verseker uit die aanvraag moet ons verseker dat ons kompeterend bly om mielies te produseer vir die lokale sowel as internasionale mark. Tot ons voordeel is die feit dat die nuwe geslag mieliekultivars seker die hoogste groeitempo in produktiwiteit het van baie gewasse. Die gemiddelde groei in terme van opbrengs/ha per jaar by verreweg oortref die van koring en rys asook die stabiliteid daarvan. Om hierop te kapitaliseer en die hoë genetiese opbrengspotensiaal van ons nuwe vrygestelde kultivars te besef is die LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse trots daarop met die vrystelling van die 2013 Mielieinligtingsgids. Die gids is die resultaat van ekstensiewe en wetenskaplik gefundeerde objektiewe evaluasie van alle aanbevole mieliekultivars in Suid Afrika deur n span deskundiges vir alle primêre mielie-produksieareas. Gebruik die betroubare inligting op n wyse manier om jou profytmarge te optimaliseer en om jou by te staan in bestuur van produksierisikos. Ons erken die toegewyde insette van al ons LNR-Instituut vir Graangewasse se wetenskaplikes, hulle medewerkende kollegas en produsente sowel as die fi nansiëe ondersteuning deur die Mielietrust en die LNR. Dr J le Roux ALGEMENE BESTUURDER: LNR-VELDGEWASSE DIVISIE 6
PREFACE The competitiveness of the South African maize industry favourably holds it s ground during the past season as a result of a consistent international under supply in relation to demand. A contributing factor for the latter amongst many is the unpredictable frequencies of droughts and unfavourable growing conditions prevailing in the major exporting countries. Whether this is as a result of normal changes in weather patterns or the initial indications of climate change, we do not know. What is certain is that there is an increasing demand for staples such as maize to feed the world s seven billion population as well as to satisfy the need for animal feed and of that for industrial use. Benefi tting from this demand we need to ensure that we remain competitive in producing maize for the local and international market. To our advantage is the fact that the new- age maize cultivars probably have the highest growth rate in productivity of many crops. It s average growth in yield / ha per year far outstrips that of wheat and rice as well as the stability thereof. To capitilise on this and to realise the high genetic yield potential of our newly released maize cultivars, the ARC-Grain Crops Institute is proud to release the 2013 Maize Information Guide. The guide is the result of and extensive, scientifi - cally sound and objective evaluation of all recommended maize cultivars in South Africa, by a team of experts throughout all mayor maize production areas. Use this reliable data wisely to optimise your profi t margins and to assist you in managing production risks. We recognise the dedicated inputs from all our ARC-Grain Crops Institutes scientists, their collaborating colleagues and producers as well as the fi nancial support received from the Maize Trust and the ARC. Dr J le Roux GENERAL MANAGER: ARC-FIELD CROPS DIVISION 7