APGTF Forum 14 March 2011 University Research Efficiency CO 2 Capture Biomass Co firing System Modelling John Oakey Cranfield University
Outline Overview of University Research in CCS and Related Areas Efficiency Biomass Co-firing CO 2 Capture Technologies System Modelling
Pathway to zero emission power for fossil fuels Economics Safety & Risk Sensors & Monitoring Post combustion Process Modelling Gas Cleaning Bioenergy Oxyfuel 90% Carbon Reduction CO 2 Capture & Storage Gain Co-firing Gain Gas Turbines Boilers Fuel Properties 50% 20% Efficiency Gain APG TF CO 2 Transport Near-term Mid-term Long-term Time Materials Combustion System Modelling Public Perception IGCC CO 2 Storage
University Research Various Research Council Initiatives Supergen TSEC CCS (EPSRC EON Partnership) UK China Clean Coal etc... But UK Universities participate in and lead many other initiatives, such as TSB, FP7, RFCS, BCURA and other projects
Research Councils Cleaner fossil fuels The Research Councils Energy Programme is currently supporting 36 million of research and training in this area Industrial Doctoral Training Centre 6m Carbon Capture and Storage Community Network (UKCCSC) Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage 4.7m Combustion processes 18m Extraction of oil and gas 7m Conventional energy generation 14m (includes Supergen, Conventional Plant Lifetime Extension) etc
Research Council Grants Awarded Before 2008 After 2008 Education - 13,315,890 Networking 2,303,091 1,262,659 Post combustion 324,570 1,146,455 Precombustion 1,054,895 3,141,740 Oxyfuel 2,072,560 2,742,524 Membranes 319,115 1,749,973 Transport - 1,543,879 Geological storage 3,400,893 2,477,256 CCS modelling 2,453,385 1,425,144 General 2,863,913 7,105,006
Efficiency Ultra supercritical PF Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles Gas Turbines etc...
EC FP7 NextGenPower Scope and priority issues steamside oxidation creep & fatigue Main steam Pipework fabrication Steam Turbine Boiler fireside corrosion Led by KEMA, Involves Cranfield University and Doosan Power Systems
EC FP7 NextGenPower The Vision 55% Efficiency 45% CO 2 Emissions 620 o C 650 o C 700 o C 720 o C Base Efficiency 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 >750 o C 100% CO 2 Emissions 10% Efficiency with CCS 35% Nickel alloys II increased metal temperatures Nickel alloys I increased metal temperatures Fireside Coatings I allows increased biomass & oxyfuel Fireside coatings II and steam side coatings increased metal temperatures
Overall Objective To provide and demonstrate technical solutions for the next generation of IGCC plants, which will allow the use of state of the art (highly efficient, reliable) gas turbines, suitable for combusting undiluted hydrogen rich syngas derived from a pre combustion CO 2 capture process. Led by the European Turbine Network H 2 IGCC Project Goals Increase Efficiency Reduce Emissions Increase Fuel Flexibility Increase Reliability & Availability
SP4: System Analysis SP1: Combustion Sub Projects: (UK University partners) SP2: Materials SP1: Combustion involves Cardiff University SP2: Materials led by Cranfield University & involves University of Sheffield SP3: Turbo Machinery led by University of Sussex SP3: Turbo machinery SP4: System Analysis
Biomass Co-firing Summary of Biomass Co-firing at UK Power Stations (2002-2009) Station Capacity (MW e ) Generator Cumulative (GWh) Aberthaw 1,455 RWE npower 431 Cockenzie 1,200 Scottish Power 217 Cottam 2,000 EdF 571 Didcot 2,100 RWE npower 417 Drax 4,000 Drax Power 2,262 Eggborough 1,960 British Energy 741 Ferrybridge 2,035 SSE 2,132 Fiddlers Ferry 1,995 SSE 1,410 Ironbridge 970 E.on UK 178 Kingsnorth 2,034 E.on UK 769 Longannet 2,400 Scottish Power 680 Ratcliffe 2,010 E.on UK 38 Rugeley 1,000 Int. Power 337 Tilbury 1,085 RWE npower 100 West Burton 1,980 EdF 392 Total MWh 10,675
Issues in PF Cofiring Safe biomass fuel handling, storage & preparation Combustion problems Limits on fuel mixtures Regulation Cost / availability of biomass Environmental regulation, e.g. for sewage sludge Potential damage to the power plant components, e.g. grinding mills, heat exchangers Ash related problems Reduced ash quality Burner slagging Superheater fouling/corrosion
Supergen Co-firing Research Comparison of Plant Corrosion Data for 347H and 347HFG with coal or straw firing to 347HFG results from this work (median values)
CO 2 Capture Research Post Combustion solid sorbents activated carbons, supported amines, lime, etc Pre combustion membrane separation, solid sorbents, etc Membranes for catalytic reactors, O 2 separation, etc. Chemical Looping Combustion Oxy combustion Projects at many UK universities
Oxyfuel Combustion UK Network Project Partners University of Leeds University of Cambridge Cranfield University University of Edinburgh Imperial College University of Kent University of Nottingham Collaborating Organisations: E.ON UK, BOC Ltd, Doosan Power Systems Ltd, Fluent Europe, Zhejiang University (China)
Oxyfuel Combustion UK Network Project Activities Combustion modelling CFD Coal property measurements for oxyfuel Oxyfuel plant simulation Flame monitoring large eddy simulation Materials behaviour Ash transformation and deposition Heat transfer
Chemical Looping and Ca Looping JOINT UK-CHINA NETWORK TO INVESTIGATE THE PRODUCTION OF CLEAN ENERGY AND HYDROGEN VIA NOVEL PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES UK Partners: Cambridge University (CU) Imperial College London (ICL) Cranfield University (CrU) Sheffield University (SU) Chinese Partners: North China Electric Power University (NCEPU) Thermal Power Research Institute (TPRI) Tsinghua University (TU) Taiyuan University of Technology (TUT) China Coal Research Institute (CCRI)
H2-Network OBJECTIVES OF NETWORK To investigate the production of clean energy and hydrogen from coal and biomass via a number of thermochemical routes. These are at the early stage of development and underpinning scientific knowledge is required to facilitate their route towards commercialisation. Advanced Calcium Looping Cycles Metal Looping Cycles for fuel reforming
Advanced Ca Looping for H 2 Production Advanced Calcium looping hydrogasification / reforming to produce hydrogen
System Modelling Multiscale whole systems modelling and analysis for CO 2 capture, transport and storage Imperial College London Dept of Earth Science and Engineering & Dept of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology Cranfield University School of Engineering & School of Applied Science University of Sussex School of Business Management & Economics British Geological Survey Edinburgh Collaborating organisations: Scottish Power, National Grid, Environment Agency, IEA GHG R&D Programme, Vattenfall, Shell, PSE ltd Research Councils Energy Programme Natural Environment Research Council, Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Theme and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Consortium 2: Whole systems analysis of carbon capture, transport and storage
Project Objectives The principal objectives of the project are to develop a systems modelling framework relevant to CCS in the UK and apply this to perform a range of analyses which quantify a series of environmental, economic and safety related metrics. UK Energy System Power plant model Capture plant model Transport model Injection and storage model
Technology Themes and Work Packages Technology themes WPs_with_detail.jpg UK Energy System assessment Sussex, J Watson Power plant model Cranfield, M. Wang Capture plant model Cranfield, J Oakey Transport model Imperial, P Spelt Injection and storage model Earth system model BGS, Martyn Quinn Storage reservoir Imperial, JQ Shi Integrated assessment Dynamic space time integration Imperial, Nilay Shah Life cycle assessment Imperial, A. Korre Economic analysis Sussex, J Watson
Summary There are a wide range of research projects underway in UK Universities funding levels have risen significantly UK Universities are well established in EU and International initiatives Most relevant technologies and underpinning science areas are covered, but there are still gaps
John Oakey Cranfield University Centre for Energy and Resource Technology j.e.oakey@cranfield.ac.uk www.cranfield.ac.uk