Dairy Production
Objectives A. Explain the importance of the dairy industry; B. Define terms associated with dairy production C. List 7 breeds of dairy cattle & their breed characteristics; D. Label the internal and external parts of a dairy cow; E. Breakdown the cycle of milk production; F. Describe technologies used on the dairy and their importance; and G. Evaluate a class of dairy cows and describe valuable traits.
Objective A: Explain the importance of the dairy industry MILK U.S. daily milk production is million gallons. Youth across the nation drink % of all milk consumed. oldest 50 46 Milk is one of the foods known to man!
CHEESE Utah Cheese production total is million pounds. 7.4 30% of the nations cheese production is Mozzarella 70% of mozzarella is used on. Pizza A4
ICE CREAM Utah Ice Cream production is million gallons per year. 18.2 47 million Americans eat ice cream daily. Utah s favorite flavor of ice cream is? Chocolate WHY?? A5
Why dairy? Dairy foods are the richest source of a critical nutrient for everyone. Calcium 95% Dairy products contribute % of the calcium available in the U.S. food supply. 9 Essential Nutrients Calcium Vitamin D Protein Potassium Phosphorus Riboflavin Vitamin A Vitamin B12 Niacin A6
Other assets. Disease Prevention Osteoporosis Hypertension Strokes Recent research shows weight loss advantages A7
Happy Cows- Sunshine Happy Cows-Farm Livin Since dairy products are important to our overall health, how can producers improve the quality of their milk?
B: Define terms associated with dairy production Calf: Young Bovine Bull: Male Bovine Steer: Castrated male bovine Heifer: Female bovine who has NOT delivered her first calf Cow: Female bovine who HAS delivered her first calf Colostrum: The first milk produced, rich in nutrients for newborn calf Freshen: To calve and begin giving milk Dry Cow: Cow no longer giving milk
C: List 7 breeds of dairy cattle & their breed characteristics; 1 2 3 6 5 4 Source: www.bonniemohr.com B1
D: Label the major internal and external parts of the dairy cow Internal Parts: Mammary System Median Suspensory Ligament Fine Membrane (Between quarters) Alveoli Outer Wall
Key External Parts Pins Hooks Rear Udder Attachment Udder Teats Milk Vein Fore Udder Attachment
E. Breakdown the cycle of milk production Heifer is bred and delivers a calf 9 months later Dry cow rests for a few months until she calves again Cow is placed in the milk herd where she stays for 12-18 months When cow s milk production declines, she is bred again and dried (stops producing milk)
Objective F: Describe technologies used on the dairy and their importance How far have we come? Brainstorm some ideas
1-Milking Machines and Parlors Hand milking milk ~6 cows an hour Milking parlor with automatic machines can milk ~100 cows an hour C5
2-Storage & Cooling 1861 Mechanical Refrigeration available 1938 Bulk tanks begin to replace milk cans From the milk can to at least a 2500 gallon tank that automatically cools the milk. C6
3-Artificial Insemination Increases genetic quality and diversity Today it s used almost exclusively on ALL dairies. 4- TMR Total Mixed Rations Important for good health and high milk production Quality feed= high quality milk and lots of it C7
5- Record Keeping and Computers DHIA Dairy Herd Improvement Association Record keeping system for dairies Computer programs to better track animals: Production Pregnancy Illnesses C8
What is BST? 6-BST Bovine Somatotropin a naturally-occurring protein hormone Regulates milk production and growth in lactating dairy cows. In 1994 Monsanto Company received approval for the commercial marketing of bst with the trade name POSILAC C9
How does it work? bst has 3 functions in a very specific order. 1- Bone Growth: if animal is not fully grown, it stimulates bone growth 2-Maintenance: If cow doesn t have sufficient nutrition and body fat, bst will help add body condition 3-Milk Production: Once bone growth and maintenance are balanced, BST increases milk production. C10a
Safety Cows Cows supplemented with bst are healthy & have increased yields in milk Milk composition is unaffected Reproduction is unaffected Performance of calves born to cows treated with bst is excellent Humans bst is a protein hormone, not a steroid hormone bst does not alter the chemical composition in milk The U.S. FDA has approved human consumption of milk and meat from dairy cows supplemented with bst C12
Why WOULD Dairy Producers use BST? Increased milk production = increased profits Why would they NOT use BST? Concerned about public perception It is the CHOICE of the dairy producer C13
Objective G: Evaluate a class of dairy cows and describe valuable traits. General Appearance: -Style & Attractiveness -Straight back -Depth
Mammary System -Udder shape & attachment -Teats Size & placement -Mammary Veins Large, long & crooked
Dairy Character -Body: Deep with great capacity and spring of rib -Rump: Long level with wide pin bone -Femininity
Judge a class of Dairy Cows
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4
Official Reasons 1-4 - 2-3 #1: Greatest depth of body and spring of rib. Most length from hooks to pins. Good clean dairy character. #4: Less depth of body than #1. Close pair with #2, but places above due to greater length from hooks to pins. #2: places below #4 because she has less spring of rib #3: is an obvious bottom of the class. She has least amount of body depth and spring of rib.
FFA Application: Dairy Cattle Judging Judge classes of dairy cattle Give oral reasons