Engr. (Dr.) Ayodele. A. Esan, FNSE Technical Director / CEO UNIDO RC SHP in Africa Abuja, Nigeria Paper presented at the West African Power Industry Convention (WAPIC), Le Meridien Presidential Hotel, Dakar, Senegal. 6 th -9 th th December 2010, 1
Economic Community of West African States (CEDEAO), (1975 ) 15 countries; 262 million (2005) and 325 million (2015) 62 % of the population, rural areas 13 of 15 countries categorized as LDCs Per capita income : $US 1,3 per day Population Growth rate 2.65%p.a (av.) 2
30% Crude oil and LNG (3,107 MT.) 31% Natural Gas (3,581bm 3 ) Hydroelectricity Capacity 2,390 MW 16% exploitation level 5 Countries Nigeria (37.6%); Guinea (25.8%); Ghana (11.4%); Cote d Ivoire (10.9%); Sierra Leone (5.2%) Sunlight potential of 5KWh/sq.m/day Important wind potential coastal and Saharan zones 3
Energy Supply Depletable, Polluting Resources Fossil fuels Impact Environment, Bio-diversity, Ozone Layers, Desertification Energy Needs by 2010 Increase of 28,000 MW (IEA) Energy Poverty Africa s great challenge Access to Modern Energy Services / Technology Majority no access Lack of Access Impact Social and Environmental Consequences 4
Improving Africa s Energy Situation Vital MDGs attainment Poverty and Health Targets Africa s Energy Potential Untapped Large in Renewables and Non-Renewables Africa s Hydropower Potential Attractive Option Meeting Energy Needs Rural Development Programmes Demands Reliable Electricity Rural Areas Meet Power Demands in Services Water pumping Storage of medicines / vaccines Rural industries Powering Communities Centres 5
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Similarly, Electricity Provision - Traditionally Extension Services of Grid Transmission Heavily laden by Expensive Equipment and overhead costs Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems Mini/Micro hydro Cheaper Extension of National grid Communities at 50,000.0 USD / kw 7
Produced mainly from Hydropower and fossil fuels Electricity Consumption Very low to other D.C. * 1/3 of Latin America * Per Capita basis Table 1: Electricity Consumption in ECOWAS Lowest per capita consumption - 24kwh Average per capita consumption - 404kwh Europe s average p.c. consumption- 3,750kwh Access to electricity less than 20% SSA Rural areas access - 2-3% 8
16 % of hydro electric potential exploited. Abundance of Hydro-carbons Less than 10% of the rural population have Access to Energy Services 80 % of primary energy requirements met by traditional biomass for domestic purposes (cooking, heating, agricultural processing) Family energy needs met largely by women and girls. Low levels of public services (education, health etc) impacted by lack of energy Rural jobs and agricultural value addition limited by lack of energy Achieving the MDGs will require Increased Access to Energy 9
West Africa is endowed with Energy Resources, the problem is: How do we ensure the common development and utilisation of these resources? How do we boost investment in the region? When will rural people get modern energy services? 10
UNIDO Mission Focuses on Poverty Relief Fostering Production Growth Mobilizes Knowledge, Skills, Technology Promote Productive Employment Competitive Economy and sound Environment Rural energy initiative Focus on productive use SHP, Biomass, Wind, Solar. 11
Tailor-made Solutions in meeting Rural Energy Demands Tech. Assistance Programme in D.C. South-South Cooperation / Technology Transfer Facilitates Improvements in Productivity Rural Enterprises Quality of Life of Rural Communities / individuals Achieved through Productive Energy Use Agriculture, Rural SME Development Empowerment of Rural Communities. 12
Country Nigeria Location 1. Enugu 2. Waya 3. Taraba Capacity 40kW 150kW 400kW Mozambique 2 sites 2 x 75 kw Uganda 1. Bundi Bugya 2. Bwindi 75kW 26kW Energy Use Agro processing, ICT connectivity, rural lighting Tanzania Mali (Pipeline) Ghana (ongoing) 1. Rukwa 2. Kinko 1. Farako 1 2. Farako 2 3. Sira Korbougou 75kW 12kW 75kW 100kW 3-5kW Tsatsadu falls 2 x 30kW CFC for BC, Agro processing, ICT connectivity 13
Promotion / Acceleration Sustainable Development in the Region Development of cost-effective Technology Local equipment, materials and labour Providing training / awareness programmes on RET (SHP) Consultancy Programmes Comprehensive implementation RES / SHP Pre-Feasibility Reports Complete Investigations Planning, Designs and Execution Techno-Economic Appraisal R & D/Monitoring of Projects 14
URC has been providing professional services in the field of Small Hydropower Development specifically for the following: Refurbishment Projects Detailed Project Reports Sites Identification and Investigations (studies) Technical Specifications of Turn Key execution / equipment Supply etc 15
RC assists Member States Strengthening National Capacities and Skills Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania August 2010 Kampala, Uganda, October 2010 Impact on Energy Decision workers in the region Activate / Establish relationship with Member States Growing National Programmes Energy Services Cos. IPP 16
Liaison with Regional Economic Institutions UN, AU, AFREC, etc. Liaison Multilateral Agencies, etc Collaborate with Potential Partners UN Agencies, WB, CIDA, EU, etc AU, AFREC, AfDB, OLADE, etc SADC, ECOWAS, COMESA, UEMOA, etc. 17
Geo-Political zones Workshops 6 zones Varying themes Issues involved in SHP Planning, Development etc. 18
Data Collection, Policy Issues, Planning/Design N.E. Zone, 2004, (50 participants) Feasibility Report Writing/Financing of SHP S.W. Zone, 2005, (60 participants) Detailed Project Report Writing/CAD Simulation S.S.Zone,2005, 30 (participants) Benin, Edo State Pump as Turbine/CDM Applications S.S. Zone, 2006, (60 participants) Calabar, Cross River CDM Financing Options/CAD Simulation N.C. Zone, 2007, (55 participants) 19
Locally in Nigeria Training of Trainers Nigeria Workshops, Seminars Internationally Hangzhou, China Roorkee, India ICH, Norway Training Courses African Experts (A.1) On the job training 20
Waya Dam, Bauchi, N.E 2 x 75KW Ezioha-Mgbowo, Enugu, S.E 35KW Tunga Dam, Taraba, N.E 2 x 200KW UNIDO Documentary on Waya Pilot SHP Circulation. 21
Capacity building workshop 6 geo-political zones Completed in 2009 Expert group meeting ECOWAS sub-region 2007 Training modules for various target groups Developed in 2008/2009 Technical capacity increase in ECOWAS states On-the-job Trainees. Technology transfer SHP equipment Turbine manufacturing in Nigeria Djakarta, Indonesia (Nov/Dec. 2010) Entec Sweden 22
Technical assistance to SHP Projects in Nigeria A.2 Contacts established for Technical assistance Madagascar, Liberia, Sierra-Leone, D.R. Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared by RC for 8 number sites Workplan for implementation of SHP projects for 3 number sites (Osun State) 23
RC hosted 4 th International SHP Forum in Abuja, Nigeria- IC SHP Hangzhou, China (2008) Coordinated on-the-job training for professionals from countries in Africa at IC-SHP Hangzhou, China. ECOWAS Centre Renew. Ener. and Ener. Effic. ( ECREEE; Cape Verde) MoU for collaboration. 2011 24
IC-SHP, Hangzhou, China 20-30 Professionals Ministry of Energy, Water Resources Energy Commission of Nigeria Energy Research Centres Private Sectors, NGOs AHEC,Roorkee,India 15-20 Professionals River Basins, Energy Commission of Nigeria Private Sector, NGOs ICH,. Trondheim, Norway 5-10 Professionals On-the-Job Training, Hangzhou, China 4 Professionals Energy Commission 1 no River Basins 3 no. 25
Appropriation Bill 2010 Provision for 6 sites 5 states Bank of Industry/CBN Energy Infrastructure Intervention 7 states Industrial Parks Technical assistance outcome: Nigeria 270 sites (identified) Africa A.3 SHP identified sites: Summary of sites in Nigeria A.4 / A.5 SHP potential sites in Nigeria 70 no, A.6 Sites for Investment in Nigeria 8, A.2 26
Training of Trainers UN Joint Program on Environment SHP Capacity Building Program COET, University of Daar-es-Salaam August 2010 24 Participants Kinko Documentary in circulation 27
4.1 Kinko UNIDO Pilot SHP Geographical Location Power output: 10kW Design Flow: 0.1m 3 /s Head: 18m Headrace canal: 500m Penstock length: 50m Nearest house: 250m Scheme: Run-off-river Turbine: PAT Generator: Synchronous, 25kVA Control: Load ELC, Damp Penstock: PVC pipe, D.355mm, 4kg/cm 2 28
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The scheme is managed locally (by the formed village committee) and overseen by the local government authority and the implementing agencies Implementing Agencies, Local Authorities Village general council Executive committee Technical subcommittee Operation, maintenance, etc Financial subcommittee Collecting and managing revenues Administrative subcommittee Planning for meetings, leadership agenda, etc 30
UNIDO: International Consultation, project supervision, electromechanical equipment, civil work construction and transmission work materials TaTEDO: National Consultation, project supervision, mobilization of resources, civil work construction materials Tanga Cement Company: Contributed 13 tons of cement Celtel Tanzania: Provided free internet connectivity for the period of one year District Authority: Contributed 40 bags of cement and 60m 3 of sand Villagers: In kind contribution Workforce on civil works POWER OF PARTNERSHIP 31
Civil works: ~ US$ 15,000 Equipment (including freight charges): ~ US$ 15,000 Power Distribution Network: ~ US$ 20,000 Other costs include: Expertise and Administrative CONTRIBUTIONS BY STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholder Percentage contribution UNIDO 70.3% TaTEDO 17.9% Local Authorities (60 m3 sand and 40 cement bags) 1.2% Private sector (260 cement bags) 2.0% Villagers Workforce 8.6% 32
Training of Trainers SHP Capacity Building Program CREEC, Fac. Of Tech. Makere University Kampala October 2010 20 Participants 33
Action Setting up of teams Undertake Reconnaissan ce studies for identification of potential sites Duratio n 2 weeks 3 weeks W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W 10 W 11 W 12 W 13 W 14 W 15 W 16 W 17 W 18 W 19 W 20 W 21 W 22 Responsibility Trained participants Team Remarks Approval of management topographical maps, Field trip expenditure Undertake Pre-feasibility study for the sites 5 weeks Team Field trip expenditure Pre-feasibility study reports writing 2 weeks Team Administrative /secretarial support Appraisal of Pre-feasibility study reports Undertake Feasibility studies Feasibility study reports writing Evaluation for sites from feasibility studies Recommendat ion by UNIDO 1 week UNIDO, CREEC, GTZ 4 weeks 2 weeks 2 weeks Team Team CREEC/UNID O/GTZ Venue CREEC Study grants required Administrative /secretarial supp Venue CREEC consideration for further projects development Possible Sources of funds UNIDO, PSFU, CBOs, UWA, LGMSDP, MEMD, MUK - FOT 34
Subsidy to local communities Technical backstopping Hardware for projects District administration Productive use hardware External Donor Grants UNDP, WB, Carbon/Micro Finance 35
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Strengthening H.R Technical / Managerial Skills Deliver / Manage Micro Schemes Energy Services 37
A.1 S/ COUNTRY NUMBER OF EXPERTS N 1 Benin 2 2 Burkina Faso 1 3 Burundi 2 4 Cameroon 5 5 Central Africa Republic 1 6 Congo DR 2 7 Congo Brazzaville 2 8 Cote d Ivoire 2 9 Ethiopia 4 10 Egypt 2 11 Gambia 1 12 Gabon 1 13 Ghana 6 14 Kenya 5 15 Lesotho 4 16 Liberia 5 17 Madagascar 1 18 Malawi 5 19 Mali 2 20 Mauritius 2 21 Mozambique 2 22 Namibia 1 23 Nigeria 13 24 Rwanda 1 25 Sierra Leone 2 26 Senegal 1 27 Somalia 1 28 South Africa 1 29 Sudan 5 30 Uganda 4 31 Tanzania 6 32 Togo 2 33 Tunisia 1 34 Zimbabwe 4 35 Zambia 2 38
BANKABLE DETAILED PROJECT REPORTS FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA A.2 39
A.3 S/N Country Potential Sites Estimated Stage Power [MW] 1. Algeria - - - 2. Angola 12 1/0.05 Identification 3. Botswana 12 - - 4. Burundi 3 2/30-5. Cameroon 5 6/615 Underdeveloped 6. Central African Republic 6 - - 7. Chad 3 - - 8. Comoros - - - 9. Republic of Congo 12 - - 10. Democratic Republic of Congo 4 - - 11. Djibouti 2 - - 12. Egypt 13 29.1-13. Equatorial Guinea 5 - - 14. Eritrea - - - 15. Ethiopia 8 133.30-16. Gabon 2 126.0-17. Gambia - - - 18. Guinea Bissau 2 - - 19. Kenya 5 1509-20. Lesotho 5 - - 21. Libya 1 - - 22. Madagascar 12 - - 23. Malawi 8 0.950-24. Mauritiania - - - 25. Mauritius - - - 26. Morocco 3 - - 27. Mozambique 8 - - 28. Namibia 7 - - 29. Nigeria 270 3,454.35 30. Rwanda 4 - - 31. Republic of Sao Tome - - - 31. Seychelles - - - 32. Somalia 3 - - 33. South Africa 4 - - 34. Sudan 3 - - 35. Swailzaland - - - 36. Tanzania 3 - - 37. Tunisia 8 13.2-38. Republic of Uganda 43 1955.3-39. Western Sahara - - - 40. Zambia 2 - - 41. Zimbabwe - - - 40
SUMMARY OF SOME SHP SITES IN NIGERIA S/N STATE POTENTIAL SITES CUMMULATIVE POWER ESTIMATE [MW] 1ADAMAWA 3 28.6 2*AKWA IBOM 13 3*BAUCHI 1 0.15 4* BENUE 101.306 (1 site) 5*CROSS RIVER 7 3 6DELTA 1 1 7EBONYI 5 1.399 8*EDO 6 3.828 9*EKITI 6 1.2472 10*ENUGU 1 11*FCT 6 12GOMBE 2 35.099 13*IMO 71 14*KADUNA 33 34.568 15KANO 2 14 16*KATSINA 11 234.34 17*KEBBI 1 18*KOGI 2 1.05 19*NASARAWA 3 0.454 20NIGER 11 110.58 21OGUN 13 15.61 22ONDO 1 1.3 23*OSUN 8 2.622 24OYO 3 1.062 25*PLATEAU 14 89.1 26SOKOTO 1 27TARABA 9 134.72 28YOBE 5 29*ZAMFARA 16 30 KWARA 4 5.2 269 A.4 41
A.5 42
Rank HDI Electricity consumption per capita. Consumption Traditional energies % of total needs kwh - 2001 Cape Verde 105 102 --- Ghana 131 404 84.60% Togo 143 125 88.60% Nigeria 151 154 82.30% The Gambia 155 95 71.40% Senegal 157 151 72.50% Guinea 160 97 90.60% Benin 161 75 81.90% Cote d Ivoire 163 233 75.10% Guinea Bissau 172 43 66.70% Mali 174 34 88.30% Burkina Faso 175 24 91.70% Niger 176 41 77.30% Sierra Leone 177 55 92.00% Liberia nd nd nd ECOWAS 116 81.76% Sub-Saharan Africa 495 62.60% OECD 8503 4.50% World 2361 10.70% Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2004 43
KINDLY JOIN HANDS URC-SHP in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria Making SHP Contribute to Africa s Energy Future 44