BB&E GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY. Prepared For: General Services Administration (GSA) Joint Base Andrews, Maryland.

BB&E GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY Prepared For: General Services Administration (GSA) Joint Base Andrews, Maryland Prepared By: BB&E, Inc. July 2014

This Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventory was conducted on 22 July 2014 at the BB&E, Inc. (BB&E) Headquarters Office (Figure 1-1). BB&E anticipates the opening of an additional office space in November 2014 located in San Antonio, Texas. In accordance with GSA Contract GS-10F-0103N, BB&E must complete a GHG Emissions Inventory for the Administrative Report Card Contractor Assessment. The use of a GHG Emissions Inventory can help identify energy use and carbon emission contributions. An Energy Audit Spot-Check (Energy Audit) is included as an attachment to this GHG Emission Inventory. The Energy Audit contains detailed energy information regarding BB&E s Headquarters Office including building information, utility summary, Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) and sustainability goals. EMISSIONS BB&E generated emissions calculations using the EPA Simplified GHG Emissions Calculator (SGEC) version 3.2, dated June 2014. The total Net GHG Emissions for BB&E for July 2013 through June 2014 is 2,628 CO2 metric tons. Emissions can be primarily attributed to the stationary combustion source, natural gas, as indicated in Table 1. Employee commuting to work was included in the GHG emissions totals. The GHG Emissions Calculator spreadsheet has been included as an electronic attachment (Appendix B). Table 1 GHG Emissions Totals Emission Source Total CO2-e (metric tons) Equivalent Emissions Stationary Combustion 2,571 Purchased and Consumed Electricity 23 Employee Commuting (optional to include) 34 Total 2,628 GOALS Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) are types of projects or implemented technologies used to reduce the consumption of energy within a building. BB&E has implemented numerous ECMs 1

in order to reduce energy consumption and decrease GHG emissions. BB&E currently has the following ECMs in place: Programmable thermostats to control regularly occupied section of office (Offices, Main Work Space) and less occupied section of office (Copy Room, Storage Space, Large Conference Room) Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) Fluorescent lighting Motion detectors in kitchen and copy room Lighting dimmer unit in Office 1 Natural lighting Double pane windows Window blinds Power saving timers on copy machines and computers BB&E has set the following goals for July 2014 through June 2015 in order to further reduce energy consumption and decrease GHG emissions: Identify an office leader Perform an in-house energy assessment Identify energy reduction opportunities and additional ECMs Educate all employees about energy/ghg reduction goals and opportunities Hold an office discussion regarding energy/ghg reduction goals and opportunities Create reduction plan and establish deadlines for achieving goals Investigate partnerships and programs to showcase BB&E s energy awareness 2

BB&E ENERGY AUDIT SPOT-CHECK

1.0 INTRODUCTION This Energy Audit Spot-check (Energy Audit) was self-conducted on 22 July 2014 at the BB&E Headquarters Office (Figure 1-1). The use of an Energy Audit can help identify energy conservation measures (ECMs) and provide information to develop a building s Energy Use Index (EUI) to compare with national averages for similar building types. An EUI can reveal whether or not a particular building may require a closer evaluation of its energy consuming operations. It should be noted that this Energy Audit is designed similar to a Level 1 Audit; however, this Spot-check Audit does not represent a complete Level 1 Energy Audit, rather it serves only to provide non-formal information for BB&E to better assess its energy usages. Typically there are three types of energy audits. The Walk-Through Audit or Level 1 Audit, the Standard Audit or Level 2 Audit, and the Computer Simulation Audit or the Level 3 Audit. The Level 1 Audit consists of a walk-through of a particular building or buildings to gather general energy information related to the building(s) in question. Data measurements and intrusive methods for gathering information are typically not conducted during a Level 1 Audit. This Energy Audit Spot-check is designed similarly to a Level 1 Audit; however, as stated above, is not a complete Level 1 Audit. The scope of this Energy Audit Spot-check is outlined in Section 2, building information is contained in Section 3, a utility summary is contained in Section 4, ECMs are shown is Section 5, and Operation and Maintenance Measures are contained in Section 6. 1

FIGURE 1-1 BB&E LLC LOCATION MAP 235 E. Main Street Northville, MI 48167 N

2.0 SCOPE This Energy Audit was a non-formal, spot-check/walk-through at the BB&E Headquarters office located at 235 E. Main Street, Suite 107 in Northville, MI 48167. BB&E Headquarters are located in climate zone 5 (Appendix C). This audit included visual observations of the number and types of light fixtures and/or equipment available. These observations were recorded. It should be noted that limited information was available on some lighting fixtures, and/or equipment. In such cases, assumptions were made based on typical values for a specific piece of equipment. These assumptions, where used, are indicated within the appropriate section of text. Lighting fixtures and equipment were opened, if accessible, to review the information as necessary. 2

3.0 BUILDING INFORMATION BB&E occupies approximately 5,000 square feet of leased office space. There are 10 full time employees and 2 part-time/seasonal employees based out of the headquarters office in Northville, MI. Occupancy is typically limited to work hours Monday through Friday, approximately 40 hours per week. Based on 40 hours per week over 52 weeks per year, the maximum occupied hours are 2,080 hours per year. The southern wall of the office is an exterior wall; the north, east, and west walls of the office are interior within the building. There is one large external window along the south side of the office (Table 3-1). The main building has multiple external entrances. BB&E office space has three internal entrances within the main building and no external entrances. One exterior door originally existed within the office space and has since been sealed off. Appendix A illustrates the BB&E office floor plan. Table 3-1 Window and Door Schedule Opening Quantity Area (sf¹) Description Exterior Face Estimated Recommended U-factor² U-Factor³ Window 1 770 Double Pane South 0.7 0.35 Notes: There are no exterior doors to be included in this schedule. ¹ Area of window is estimated. ² A double pane window in good condition can have a U-Factor of 0.7. ³ Recommended U-Factor is based on IECC values for Climate Zone 5. The office lighting is primarily T8, 3-lamp fluorescent light fixtures. Many lights are deenergized during the day due to the natural light in the front of the office. In addition, many of the fixtures within the office space are never used and stay powered off at all times. There are currently motion sensors in the kitchen, copy room, and Office 1. The recommended lighting power density (LPD) for an office is 1.0 w/sf, therefore the LPD of the BB&E office is generally high with an average LPD of 2.02 w/sf. The Interior Lighting Schedule for BB&E is shown in Table 3-2. 3

Area Main Work Space Conference Room Small Conference Table 3-2 Interior Lighting Schedule Fixture Type Lamp Quantity Watts per Quantity per Fixture fixture 4 Halogen MR16 1 50 6 T-8 Fluorescent 4 128 1 CFL 1 13 1 LED 1 7 1 Non-CFL 1 50 5 CFL 1 14 4 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 3 Halogen 1 50 10 Halogen 1 75 2 T-8 Fluorescent 2 64 4 sf LPD (w/ft 2 ) 1380 0.75 373 2.41 213.5 1.22 Room 4 Halogen 1 65 Office 1 6 Halogen 1 65 2 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 196 1.99 Office 2 2 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 144 1.33 Office 3 2 CFL 1 14 2 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 179 1.23 Office 4 2 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 143 1.34 Office 5 2 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 112 1.71 Kitchen 2 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 88 2.18 Copy Room Fluorescent 8 U-Shape 2 78 1 Halogen 1 400 442 2.32 1 Halogen 1 400 Storage Space 10 Halogen MR16 1 50 4 High Bay 1 NA 775 0.65 Hallway 9 Halogen MR16 1 50 47 9.57 7 Halogen MR16 1 50 Open Space 4 Halogen MR16 1 50 3 T-8 Fluorescent 3 96 346 1.01 6 Halogen 1 65 Front Office Space 3 Halogen* 1 50 2 Halogen* 1 50 1 High Bay 1 NA Notes: * Watts per fixture is estimated based on fixture rating : Fixture is present but not used, not included in LPD calculation 415 0.60

BB&E has two heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units, each with their own programmable thermostat. Electrical equipment in the office includes one printer/copier, three printers, 13 laptop computers, 13 computer monitors, one desktop computer/monitor, one television, four paper shredders, one General Electric (GE) refrigerator, one Kenmore microwave, one Kitchen Aid stove/oven, one Bunn auto-drip coffee machine, one Keurig coffee machine, two ceiling fans, 16 phones, and an internal server. 5

4.0 UTILITY SUMMARY Utility invoices issued to BB&E were obtained for the period of March 2013 through June 2014. July 2013 through June 2014 utility invoices are included in this summary (Table 4-1). The total natural gas use from July 2013 to June 2014 was 982 hundred cubic feet (CCF) at a cost of approximately $878 total, or approximately $0.89 per CCF when totaled. DTE Energy installed a Smart Meter in June 2013. The total electricity use from July 2013 to June 2014 is 30,480 kilowatt-hours (kwh) at a cost of approximately $4,386 or approximately $0.14 per kwh when totaled. Another factor impacting energy consumption is heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD). HDDs and CDDs are compiled by the National Weather Service (NWS), are widely published, and represent the difference between one day s average temperature reading and the annual average temperature for the same location. HDDs and CDDs are typically based on 65 degrees Fahrenheit (ºF). For example: if the average temperature is 70 ºF for a specific day, that represents a CDD of 5, and if the average temperature is 60 ºF, that represents a HDD of 5. Table 4-1 Summary of BB&E Utility Invoices Month Year Electricity (kwh)¹ Cost Gas (CCF)² Cost July 2013 3280 $477.24 0 $11.65 August 2013 4160 $602.18 0 $11.65 September 2013 3280 $478.29 0 $11.65 October 2013 2720 $413.90 0 $11.65 November 2013 1920 $294.77 36 $39.01 December 2013 2080 $315.53 118 $99.26 January 2014 2240 $308.77 256 $201.03 February 2014 2360 $323.63 349 $269.93 March 2014 2160 $299.03 27 $32.50 April 2014 1960 $274.26 127 $107.51 May 2014 1840 $259.41 60 $61.79 June 2014 2480 $338.67 9 $19.91 Average 2540 $365.47 81.8333 $73.13 Total 30480 $4,385.68 982 $877.54 6

Notes: ¹ : Electricity kwh and Cost were generated from DTE monthly billing statements ² : Natural Gas CCF and Cost were generated from Consumers Energy monthly billing statements Based on NWS data, the average annual HDD (2000-2014) for the Detroit Area is 6,001, and the average annual CDD is 891. The total HDD (July 2013-June 2014) for the Detroit Area is 7,023. The total CDD (July 2013-June 2014) for the Detroit Area is 867. Natural gas is provided by Consumer s Energy and electricity is provided by DTE Energy. The primary energy consumed within the BB&E Office is electricity (Figure 4-1). Cooling and lighting are likely the key contributors to electricity consumption. Figure 4-1 Electricity Usage 4500 4000 3500 Electricity (kwh) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 JUL '13 AUG '13 SEP '13 OCT '13 NOV '13 DEC '13 JAN '14 FEB '14 MAR '14 APR '14 MAY '14 JUN '14 The secondary energy consumed within the BB&E Office is natural gas (Figure 4-2). Heating is likely the key contributor to natural gas consumption. 7

Figure 4-2 Natural Gas Usage 400 350 300 Gas (CCF) 250 200 150 100 50 0 JUL '13 AUG '13 SEP '13 OCT '13 NOV '13 DEC '13 JAN '14 FEB '14 MAR '14 APR '14 MAY '14 JUN '14 The Energy Use Index (EUI) can be calculated using assumptions. Yearly gas and electricity usage can be estimated using the information available. The EUI was calculated to be 37 thousand British thermal units per square foot per year (kbtu/sf-yr) and $1.03/sf-yr. For a general comparison, an office with less than 10,000 square feet averages 63 kbtu/sf-yr. Therefore, in general BB&E appears to be using less energy than the national average for similar operations. 8

5.0 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES (ECMs) Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) are types of projects or implemented technologies used to reduce the consumption of energy within a building. BB&E has implemented numerous ECMs including, but not limited to, the following items. Programmable thermostats to control regularly occupied section of office (Offices, Main Work Space) and less occupied section of office (Copy Room, Storage Space, Large Conference Room) Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) Fluorescent lighting Motion detectors in kitchen and copy room Lighting dimer unit in Office 1 Natural lighting Double pane windows Window blinds Power saving timers on copy machines and computers Potential ECMs for the BB&E office include the substitution of Halogen lighting with LED fixtures and the utilization of task lighting and natural lighting in office spaces instead of overhead T-8 Fluorescent fixtures. BB&E currently has motion detectors installed in the Kitchen and Copy Room. There may be an opportunity to reduce energy consumption by installing motion detectors in Offices 1 through 5 (Appendix A). It is anticipated that installation of motion detectors in the five offices could reduce energy costs by $86.26 per year (Table 5-1). Table 5-1 Motion Sensor Savings Calculation sf Hours of % Operation/Year Unoccupied LPD Rate/kWh Constant Savings/Year Office 1 196 2080 0.25 1.99 0.14 0.001 $28.39 Office 2 144 2080 0.25 1.33 0.14 0.001 $13.94 Office 3 179 2080 0.25 1.23 0.14 0.001 $16.03 Office 4 143 2080 0.25 1.34 0.14 0.001 $13.95 Office 5 112 2080 0.25 1.71 0.14 0.001 $13.94 Total $86.26 9

The simple payback by installing motion detectors would be approximately 1.16 years, assuming that the price of each motion sensor unit costs $19.97 (Table 5-2). However, it should be considered that the five offices are occupied the majority of the time during BB&E hours of operation. Installation of motion detectors might prove to be less effective than simply having personnel power off lights when they are not occupying their offices therefore, motion detector installation is not recommended at this time. Table 5-2 Motion Sensor Simple Payback Calculation Savings/year Cost Simple Payback (# Years) Office 1 $28.39 $19.97 0.70 Office 2 $13.94 $19.97 1.43 Office 3 $16.03 $19.97 1.25 Office 4 $13.95 $19.97 1.43 Office 5 $13.94 $19.97 1.43 Total $86.26 $99.85 1.16 A potential ECM for Office 1 includes the replacement of the six halogen fixtures with light emitting diode (LED) fixtures. LED fixtures, in comparison to halogen fixtures, can provide addition energy savings, longer lamp life hours, longer life span, and reduced radiant heat. However, the initial purchase cost of LED lighting far exceeds that of halogen lights (Table 5-3). Table 5-3 Office 1 LED Lighting Simple Payback Savings/year Cost Simple Payback(years) LED Light (1) $16.16 $15.00 0.93 Total (6) $96.96 $90.00 0.93 Another potential ECM includes the utilization of task lighting as a substitution for the overhead T-8 fluorescent fixtures. Task lighting could be used in addition to natural daylighting, which Office 2 and Office 3 receive through interior-windows that open to face the large South window in the BB&E office space. During sunlight hours, the use of T-8 fluorescence may not be needed to maintain optimal lighting within each of the offices. Installation of lighting dimmers was also considered as an ECM for personal offices; however, dimming is not recommended for T-8 10

fixtures, which are present in Offices 1 through 5. Personal preferences for task lighting in Office 2 and 3 will be further explored in 2014. Personnel demonstrate a high level of energy conservation awareness. For example, natural lighting is used in place of Halide lighting whenever feasible in the Front Office Space and Large Conference Rooms. Personnel in the north side of the Main Work Space have substituted the use of 4 large fluorescent lighting fixtures for 4 small halogen lights with 3 small desk lamp units, reducing space lighting by 114 watts/hour. Less efficient lighting options, such as the large Halide fixtures in the Copy and Storage Areas are hardly, if ever, used. Instead, the staff uses the automatically timed Fluorescent U-shape fixtures or natural light to conduct work in those areas. 11

6.0 SUSTAINABILITY GOALS BB&E has implemented numerous sustainability-best practices in addition to the ECMs listed in Section 5. Some of BB&Es current practices are listed as follows. Office-wide recycling Carpooling/Ride-share Conference calls in lieu of travel Telework Energy awareness Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventory Supporting locally-owned businesses On August 5, 2014, BB&E held a Sustainability Meeting to engage personnel, build knowledge, assess BB&E s impacts, and to generate future steps and goals for energy and GHG reductions and sustainability efforts. Based on feedback received during the Sustainability Meeting, BB&E has set the following goals for July 2014 through June 2015 in order to further reduce energy consumption and decrease GHG emissions: Identify an office leader Perform an in-house energy assessment Identify energy reduction opportunities and additional ECMs Educate all employees about energy/ghg reduction goals and opportunities Hold an office discussion regarding energy/ghg reduction goals and opportunities Create reduction plan and establish deadlines for achieving goals Investigate partnerships and programs to showcase BB&E s energy awareness 12

7.0 REFERENCES American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 2008. Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings. Prepared by ASHRAE. June 2008. 13

APPENDIX A OFFICE LAYOUT 14

Figure 1 - BB&E LLC Floor Plan

APPENDIX B CALCULATIONS 15

Back to Intro Emissions Summary Guidance The total GHG emissions from each source category are provided below. You may also use this summary sheet to fill out the Annual GHG Inventory Summary and Goal Tracking Form as this calculator only quantifies one year of emissions at a time. http://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/documents/summaryform.xls By entering the data below into the appropriate cell of the Annual GHG Inventory Summary and Goal Tracking Form, you will be able to compare multiple years of data. If you have multiple Calculator files covering sub-sets of your inventory for a particular reporting period, sum each of the emission categories (e.g. Stationary Combustion) to an organizational total, which then can be entered into the Annual GHG Inventory Summary and Goal Tracking Form. (A) Enter company information into the orange cells. Other cells on this sheet will be automatically calculated from the data entered in the sheets in this workbook. Blue cells indicate required emission sources if applicable. Green cells indicate optional emission sources. (B) The "Go To Sheet" buttons can be used to navigate to the data entry sheets. Organizational Information: Organization Name: BB&E LLC Organization Address: Inventory Reporting Period: 235 E. Main Street, Suite 107 Northville, MI 48167 July 2013-June 2014 Energy Audit Start: 7/1/2013 End: 6/1/2014 Name of Preparer: Phone Number of Preparer: Date Prepared: Summary of Organization's Emissions: Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Direct Emissions Stationary Combustion Mobile Sources Refrigeration / AC Equipment Use Fire Suppression Purchased Gases Katrice Graves (248) 489-9636 ext. 305 7/23/2014 2,571 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Go To Sheet Indirect Emissions Purchased and Consumed Electricity Purchased and Consumed Steam Optional Emissions Employee Business Travel Employee Commuting Product Transport Total Company Emissions Total GHG Emissions (Not Including Optional Emissions) Total Optional Emissions Total GHG Emissions Reductions RECs and Green Power Purchases Offsets Net GHG Emissions 23 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 34 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 2,594 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 34 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 2,628 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 2,628 CO 2 -e (metric tons) Required Supplemental Information Biomass CO 2 Emissions from Stationary Sources Biomass CO 2 Emissions from Mobile Sources 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) 0 CO 2 -e (metric tons) EPA Climate Leaders Simplified GHG Emissions Calculator (Summary) 1 of 1

APPENDIX C CLIMATE ZONE INFORMATION 16

ASHRAE Climate Zone Map 17