Chinese Journal of Ecology 2005,24 (9) :1068 1073 3 1,2 1 3 3 1 ( 1, 100101 ; 2, 100039) 2003,,,,,,,,,. S154. 4 A 1000-4890 (2005) 09-1068 - 06 Process of nitrogen uptake by rice paddy ecosystem and its economic value. XIAO Yu 1,2, XIE Gaodi 1,LU Chunxia 1 ( 1 Institute of Geographical Sciences and N atural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China ; 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China). Chinese Jour2 nal of Ecology,2005,24 (9) :1068 1073. Rice plants in paddy ecosystems take up nitrogen from the soil,store it in straw or transform it into protein and amino acid in seed. This is one of the most important processes of nitrogen cycling in rice field ecosystems. Based on the data from field experiment in Wusi Farm of Shanghai in 2003,we examined the process of nitro2 gen uptake by rice plants,estimated its economic value with the method of replacement price and compared the quantities of the nitrogen uptake and their economic values among different regions,fertilizer dose and crops. The results indicated that the nitrogen uptake by rice plants accumulated rapidly between tillering and heading stage and decreased a short time before harvest stage. The economic values of nitrogen uptake increased with growth stages. Fertilization promoted the accumulation of nitrogen uptakes and their economic values. The ni2 trogen uptakes by rice plants and their economic values were higher than those by wheat and rape. The quanti2 ties of the nitrogen transformed into seed and their economic values were more than that into straw. Key words nitrogen uptake,rice paddy ecosystems,economic values,ecosystem services. Costanza [19 ], 1 Boumans [17 ] GUMBO [20 ],,,,, [9 ],, [16 ], [7 ] [2 ], N P K, ; [9 ] [3 ] [13 ], 3 (L X10 G - E01-03 - 04) ( KZCX3 - SW - 333 ) (30230090 30370258) 3 3 :2004-11 - 21 :2005-01 - 17
: 1069, 3,, 2 211 3, 2003 6 10,3 4,, (30 52 N,121 45 E), 213,,, SPSS(version 1115) 20 60 70 2 (ANOVA) ( P =,,0105),,0 20 cm 0108 %, 12 14 g kg - 1, ( N ) 6015 3 mg kg - 1, ( P) 2311 mg kg - 1, ( K) 230 mg kg - 1,p H 7185 7192, 311 511 g L - 1 212 21212, 10 d 2003 : 6 11, 19 d 37 d 65 d 89 d 21211 1, 119 d 126 d, 2003 6 11, 11215 kg hm - 2 4 : ;,,0 kg hm - 2,,225 kg hm - 2 [4,,375 kg ] ; hm - 2,450 kg hm - 2, ; 5 6 5 4 4, 21 30 63 75 d, ( 1 1) 1 ( kg hm - 2 ) Tab. 1 Accumulation process of aboveground net biomass of rice ecosystems 41 d 72 d 105 d 119 d 861 119 a 7214 401 a 18375 1633 a 8768 965 a 8190 891 a 16958 74 a 1502 163 b 8873 965 c 20685 742 ab 9240 0 b 10238 1411 b 19478 1411 bc 1502 342 b 10301 134 b 24360 3267 ab 11550 0 ab 11130 297 ab 22680 297 a b 1428 208 b 13440 1069 b 24045 148 c 12128 817 ab 11340 891 b 23468 :, ( P < 0105).. 1 Fig. 1 Change of tiller number in plots under different urea dose, ANOVA,, ( 1) Cassman [18 ], 30 40 d,, 74 bc ( 1) Jiang [22 ], 312 31211,,, ( 2)
1070 24 9 :,, ( 21 30 d), ( 25 % 30 %),, ; ( 63 75 d) 310 % 315 % [1 ( 25 % ] [14 20 %), ],Peng [23 ],, [15, 10 d, ] 17 14 d, 10 d, 10 14 d,,,,, ANOVA,,,, ( 2) Cassman [18 ],, : ( ),, ;, 2 Tab. 2 Nitrogen content of aboveground plant in rice paddy ecosystem 41 d 72 d 105 d 119 d 2168 0102 a 1163 0109 a 1129 0112 a 1100 0112 a 1118 0115 a 3100 0112 b 1188 0112 b 1166 0108 b 1116 0100 a 1125 0104 a 3130 0102 c 1186 0113 b 1164 0111 b 1126 0117 ab 1126 0107 a 3111 0105 bc 1181 0103 ab 1155 0104 ab 1134 0108 ab 1136 0109 a 31212 Peng [23 ] 9 12, kg hm - 2 d - 1 ( 3) Peng [23 ], ( 2) 4 d, 30 d, 3 10 d [21 ],, Peng [23 ],,, ANOVA,, 31213,,, ( 1) ( 2) ( 3), [22 ],, Jiang
: 1071 3 ( kg hm - 2 d - 1 ) Tab. 3 Nitrogen uptake rates of aboveground plant in rice paddy ecosystem 2 2 2 2 3 0156 0108 a 3106 0132 a 3167 0192 a - 3193 1157 b 1110 0116 b 3192 0145 ab 5137 0108 ab - 7177 0167 a 1121 0127 b 4159 0101 b 6120 1112 b - 7194 0116 a 1108 0114 b 6141 0131 c 3194 0109 a - 4103 0146 b 72 % 90 %, 45 % 62 % 64 % 76 % :, ;, 2 Fig. 2 Nitrogen accumulation of aboveground plant under different [18,22,23 ] urea dose,, :, ; ( 4) 225 kg hm - 2 ( 1),, 2 ; ( 4), ;, [6 N 2 O ], ( 4),, ( 2) Jiang [22 ], (, [8 ] 4),,, 313, 4 Tab. 4 Aboveground plant nitrogen uptakes by different crops (kg hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) 88112 47192 95178 52108 183190 0 107155 45175 127151 54125 235106 225 145159 51103 139174 48197 285133 375 162184 51141 153189 48159 316173 450 40198 38139 65177 61161 106175 0 [ 5 ] 84105 44173 103185 55127 187190 135 [ 5 ] 53140 34163 100180 65137 154120 289105 [ 12 ] 57195 41199 80107 58101 138102 [ 11 ] 19150 19123 81190 80177 101140 225175 [ 12 ] 23118 23170 74159 76130 97177 [ 11 ] 21152 20160 82194 79140 104145 [ 11 ] : ( Oryza sativa L1), ( Triticum aestiv um L1), ( B rassica napus L1). [24 ] 314,,,2004 1 5 ;, 1 53718 t - 1,
1072 24 9 46 %, 3134,, kg - 1,,, 2004 6, ( U nited States Wheat Associates), 3 ( 6),, 2 363 3 868 hm - 2, ( 5), ANO2 21168 kg - 1, VA, ( 6) 5 2004 6 Tab. 5 Marginal price of wheat protein in June,2004 # kg - 1 kg - 1 014 19171 0172 35148 0135 17125 0137 18123 0136 17174-0144 21168 : # = / 5195 [10 ] ;1 (2004 8 6 ). = 81282 ( ), 86 % 88 %, ( 7),, ( 7), 83 % 92 %,, 95 %, ;, 6 ( hm - 2 ) Tab. 6 Economic values of nitrogen uptakes by rice plant 41 d 72 d 105 d 119d 77117 11131 a 393182 44153 a 798152 145183 a 294159 66179 a 2068168 34183 a 2363127 150165 22125 b 556180 23188 bc 1149164 15142 b 359155 72123 ab 2754112 302107 b 3113168 165152 36178 b 641140 36123 c 1325137 87158 b 486170 65180 bc 3018123 91108 bc 3504193 148137 19136 b 812125 51131 d 1138132 38131 b 544139 69184 c 3323173 45132 c 3868111 7 Tab. 7 Economic values of nitrogen uptakes transformed by different crops ( hm - 2 ) ( hm - 2 ) (kg hm - 2 ) 294159 12147 2068170 87153 2363129 0 359154 11155 2754102 88145 3113156 225 486171 13189 3018117 86111 3504188 375 544137 14107 3323179 85193 3868117 450 137100 8180 1420153 91120 1557153 0 280198 11113 2243100 88187 2523198 135 178152 7158 2177113 92142 2355165 289105 193173 10107 1729146 89193 1923118 65119 3155 1768192 96145 1834111 225175 77147 4159 1611108 95141 1688155 71193 3186 1791131 96114 1863124 4,, 411,
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