PPI Training MODULE 2 The need to innovate in municipal waste management PPI training Location of the training Date of the training
Contents Status quo Waste management in Europe Drivers for innovation Bio-waste management Plastic separation and collection Bulky-waste management 2
Status quo Municipal waste management in Europe Across member states, there are broad differences regarding waste production, collection models and treatment techniques applied as well as regarding the implementation of European Directives on waste. In 2013, 43% of MSW was recycled, 31% landfilled and the rest (26%) incinerated (Eurostat, 2015c) Development of municipal waste management in 27 European countries, 200-2013 (Eurostat, 2015c) 3
Status quo Municipal waste management in Europe Although recycling practices have been increasing each year, landfilling is still a widely used choice in waste management. The waste hierarchy established by the Waste Framework Directive constitutes the general European approach for waste management by Member States Number of European countries at different levels of the municipal waste management hierarchy, 2001 & 2010 ( European Environmental Agency 2013, Eurostat, 2015c) 4
Germany Austria Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Slovenia Sweden United Kingdom Denmark Ireland EU 28 Estonia France Italy Finland Bulgaria Spain Portugal Hungary Poland Czech Republic Cyprus Lithunia Greece Croatia Latvia Malta Slovakia Romania Status quo Municipal waste management in Europe 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Recycled + Composted Landfilled Incinerated Current waste management hierachy in Member States Source: ACR+; baed on data from Eurostat, 2014. 5
Status quo The new EU targets for municipal waste recycling The revised legislative proposals on waste set targets such as: A common EU target for recycling 65% of municipal waste by 2030; A common EU target for recycling 75% of packaging waste by 2030; A binding landfill target to reduce landfill to maximum of 10% of municipal waste by 2030. Current status of recycling of municipal waste Source: European Commission 6
Priority areas defined by European Public Procurers The PPI4waste Project team conducted surveys to procurers and relevant stakeholders and the following priority areas were identified: Bio-waste management Plastics separation Bulky waste management Separate collection systems Decision support systems Related to specific waste streams Transversal needs PPI4waste workshop 7
Bio-waste management Bio-waste was identified as one of the main priority areas, with following improvements needed: Increase bio-waste treatment capacity in current facilities. Improve the performance of current solutions applied, as anaerobic digester. Set up new facilities for appropriate treatment of biowaste coming from expected separate bio-waste collection systems. Anaerobic digestion process for bio-waste. Source: http://www.ionacapital.co.uk/page/95/anaerobic- Digestion-Adoption.htm 8
Bio-waste management Bio-waste constitutes between 30-40% of total municipal waste in Europe. Current production of bio-waste from municipal waste: 88 million tonnes annually. App. 45kg per capita and per year of bio-waste is separately collected. Austria has the highest amount of composted & digested bio-waste: 175kg per year per person. Current situation regarding percentage of composting and digestion of MSW in the year 2013 by Member State (BIPRO/CRI, 2015)
Bio-waste management The EC carried out an impact evaluation study about the potential economic benefits and environmental impact reduction derived from compulsory separated collection and biological treatment in EU-countries. The study analysed two scenarios, for the period 2013-2020: SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 2 60% food waste and 90% garden waste capture by 2020 88 Mio. tonnes removed from residual waste treatment 27 Mio. tonnes of additional biowaste treatment capacity needed annually Net benefit: 3 Billion 80% from benefits resulted from environmental improvemens 36.5% separated bio-waste collection implemented by 2020. 21 Mio. tonnes of waste removed from residual waste treatment 5 Mio. tonnes of additional treatment capacity needed ann Net benefit: 668 Mio 80% from benefits resulted from environmental improvemens 10
Plastic separation In 2014, app. 26 Million tonnes of plastic waste were generated (Plastics Europe, 2015). The consumption of Bioplastics is increasing annually by 20% since 2009. Current waste treatment systems are not able to separate bioplastics from petroleum-based plastics; thus difficulting platic waste treatment. Between 2006 2014 the amount of plastic waste deposited in landfills has decreased by 38% or app. 5% annually (Plastics Europe, 2105). The construction sector is one of the largest plastic consumers in Europe (app. 21%), but generates only 6% of the total plastic per year. Plastic packaging waste represents the majority of the plastic waste in Europe with a share of 63%. The packaging sector generates 73% of the plastic waste from households. The Circular Economy Package proposes a target of recycled or reused plastic of 60% by 2025 and 65% by 2030. 11
Plastic separation Main actions defined to improve the recycling rations of plastic are: o Increase material recovery rate and sorting of different types of plastic (source separation); o Obtain clean material to produce quality products Plastic packaging recycling, energy recovery and landfill rates by Member Sate in 2014 (Plastics Europe, 2015) 12
Bulky waste management The definition of bulky waste varies across Member States. Several definitions compiled by ACR+ in the Bulky Waste Factsheet: Waste which is not collected selectively, as well as, waste that is collected at clean points and large articles collected from private addresses (Brussels region). Large size waste which is collected together and cannot be collected by common ways is considered bulky waste (Ile-de-France region and Lisbon). Waste which is collected in determined areas such as re-use centres or clean points and/or some specific waste (Tallin). Bulky waste. Image: ASF Freiburg 13
Bulky waste management Bulky waste requires special management systems due to its physical characteristics In 2019 the minimum percentage of WEEE collection should be 85% (2012/19/EC) Reusing 30% by 2025 and 35% by 2030, app. 3 Million tonnes CO2 eq. Could be saved. (3.5 Mt CO2 per tonned furniture) The current level of washing machine reuse in the UK (10%) means savings of 2.5 Mt CO2 eq. every year Photo: Warp-it.co.uk Photo: koopera.org 14
Bulky waste management In 2012, the total quantity of WEEE generated in Europe reached 9 million tonnes, with only 3.5 millions of tonnes collected. Bulky waste generated in households have increased in the past years; in some countries mean 7% of the total households waste. Ratio of collection for WEEE (2009 2011, EUROSTAT 2015b) 15
Bulky waste management Main actions needed to improve bulky waste management: Increase of recovery rate through an improvement of the waste collection system Development of industries for the preparation for reuse of bulky waste after its collection A number of alternatives have started in Europe to recover and recycle bulky waste 16
Thank you for your attention Name, Surname, Organisation Email This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642451