DOT Hazardous Materials Transportation

Course Objectives 1 DOT Hazardous Materials Transportation (49 CFR 172.704) Sean Halpin Du-All Safety Provide Students information to support the safe transportation of hazardous materials, including: Defining the requirements of 49 CFR, Part 172.704 for certification in hazardous handling and transportation and of HM-232, the Security Regulation for awareness training. Reviewing the requirements of the DOT regulations relative to the transportation of hazardous materials. Reviewing the basic safety elements including recognition and identification of hazardous materials as required by the DOT regulations and the Hazard Communication Standard. Reviewing the basic operations required for handling emergencies involving hazardous materials for the DOT Hazmat Employee. 2 Course Objectives Demonstrating some basic functions required for a DOT Hazmat Employee including: basic knowledge of the Hazardous Materials Table (49 CFR 172.101), Labels and Placards, and Shipping Papers. Reviewing the nine DOT hazard classes and associate them with the appropriate placards for use in transportation. Demonstrating an awareness of security risks associated with hazardous materials transportation. Demonstrating an awareness of methods designed to enhance transportation security. Demonstrating an awareness of how to recognize and respond to possible security threats. 3 What this class does not prepare you for This is a training course and does not specifically authorize you to perform any task only your employer can do that. This is a training course and the information provided by the instructors is not your organization s policy do not take information from this course as above your organization's policy. This is a training course and does not provide adequate information to perform a task you must know the specifics. This training provide awareness of hazmat response so you can protect yourself you are not a hazmat responder 4 HazMat Employee Defined HazMat Employee Load, unload, or handle hazmat, including: Prepare hazmat for transport Responsible for the safe transport of hazmat Operate a vehicle used to transport hazmat Supervise hazmat employees 5 Regulatory Overview 6 1

49 Code of Federal Regulations 7 Overlap in Regulations 8 Each hazmat employee shall be provided general awareness/familiarization training designed to... enable the employee to recognize and identify hazardous materials consistent with the hazard communication standards.... Training conducted by employers to comply with the hazard communication programs required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)... may be used to satisfy the training requirements... of the DOT Regulation What is HM-181, HM-126F, and HM-232? HM-181 was actually born in 1991 and identifies changes made to the DOT regulations in the areas of hazardous material classifications, package labeling, placards, and the quantity of the package that the material is shipped in. HM-126F, a similar amendment to the DOT regulations, sets minimum training requirements for individuals involved in all modes of transportation. HM-232 is the recently enacted regulation regarding transportation security for hazardous materials. 9 Safety Overview 10 What is a Hazardous Material? 11 According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, a Hazardous Material is defined as a substance or material, which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. Hazardous Substances Hazardous substances are chemicals and other substances that can affect your health, causing illness or disease. Solvents, pesticides, paints, adhesives, petroleum products, heavy metals or any other substance that is hazardous to health and is used or produced at work. 12 2

How Many Hazardous Materials Can You Identify? What made the material hazardous? 13 Health Hazards 14 Acutely toxic Chronically toxic Carcinogenic Mutagenic Teratogenic Sensitizing agent Corrosive Irritant Combustible liquid Compressed gas Explosive Flammable Organic peroxide Physical Hazards 15 Oxidizer Pyrophoric Unstable (reactive) Water-reactive Physical Properties -Flammable Only vapors burn Flash point - The lowest temperature where a liquid will give off vapors which can be ignited it if an ignition iti source is present Flammable flash point above 140 degrees f Combustible flash point below 140 degrees f 16 Physical Properties Specific Gravity Specific Gravity Specific Gravity is the weight of a liquid compared to the weight of water Water has a specific gravity of 1 Swimmers Floaters Sinkers 17 Physical Properties Vapor Density Vapor density is defined as the weight of the material s vapor, relative to the weight of air The vapor density of air is 1 Sinkers Risers Floaters 18 3

Path of Exposure Hazardous substances can get into your body in different ways: by breathing in the substance (inhalation) (absorption) through the skin accidental swallowing (ingestion), for example (injection) through puncture wounds 19 Hazard Communication Program Must comply with Hazard Communication Standard 8 CCR 5194 20 Hazard Communication Program Requirements Written program must include: A list of hazardous chemicals present in the workplace SDS Labeling system information 21 Material Safety Data Sheets Primary tool for getting detailed chemical information Must be readily available 22 6a Material Safety Data Sheets Chemical Product and Company Name Composition/Information on Ingredients Hazards Identification First Aid Measures Fire Fighting Measures SDS 23 Accidental Release Measures Handling and Storage Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Physical and Chemical Properties Stability and Reactivity SDS Information Includes (p1) Chemical identity Physical and chemical characteristics Physical and health hazards Primary routes of entry 24 4

SDS Information Includes (p2) PEL, TLV, other exposure limit Whether it is a carcinogen Precautions for safe handling/use Recommended engineering controls 25 SDS Information Includes (p3) Emergency first aid procedures Date of preparation Name, address, phone number of manufacturer, importer, responsible party 26 SDS Information Includes (p4) SDSs also provide information regarding: signs and symptoms of exposure personal protective equipment spill and leak clean-up labeling information 27 HazMat Identification Systems 28 HazMat Identification Labels Placards The Nine Hazard Classifications 29 HazMat Label Labels must be used on packages containing a hazardous material in transport unless exempted Different DOT label l for each Hazard Class/Division Labels for primary and subsidiary risks 30 5

DOT Labeling System DOT HazMat Label Diamond-shaped labels, 4 inches on each side, required to be affixed on two sides of non-bulk containers Subsidiary labels indicate additional hazards, and lack the hazard class number 31 Diamond-shaped placards, 10 ¾ inches on each side, required to be placed on bulk containers Placards must appear on all four sides of the vehicle DOT Placard System 32 DOT Hazard Classification 33 Hazard Class 1 - Explosives Subdivided into 6 divisions 1.1-Mass explosion hazard 1.2- Projectile hazard 1.3-3 Fire, minor blast or projectile 1.4- Minor explosion 1.5- Very insensitive explosives 1.6- Extremely insensitive 34 CLASS 1- EXPLOSIVES PLACARDS 35 6

Hazard Class 2 - Gases Pressurized or Liquified Compressed nitrogen and liquified petroleum gases (LPG) are examples Product and container present hazards Subdivided id dinto 4 divisionsi i 37 Hazard Class 2- Gases Subdivided into 4 divisions 2.1 - Flammable gases 2.2 - Non-flammable,non toxic*compresses gases 2.3 - Gases toxic* by inhalation 2.4 - Corrosive gases (Canada) *The word poison or poisonous are synonymous with the word toxic. 38 CLASS 2- Gases Placards 39 B L E V E Boiling, Liquid, Expanding, Vapor, Explosion Added DANGER with Class 2 hazmats 40 Besides the chemicals, there is danger of explosion of the tank from over pressure Tanks should always be cooled Relief valves should be allowed to vent Stay away from tank ends COULD THIS BLEVE? Remember the position of the poles Relief valve venting Notice the position of the fire apparatus Leak venting, not normal it has ignited KWE/ DOT Hazardous Materials Transportation/ Presented by 41 Du-All Safety KWE/ DOT Hazardous Materials Transportation/ Presented by 42 Du-All Safety 7

Where is the fire apparatus? 12 firefighters died here, you can t run fast enough! KWE/ DOT Hazardous Materials Transportation/ Presented by 43 Du-All Safety KWE/ DOT Hazardous Materials Transportation/ Presented by 44 Du-All Safety Hazard Class 3 Flammable/Combustible Liquids 45 Hazard Class 3- Flammable and Combustible Placards 46 Flammable liquids can be ignited at room temperature. Combustible liquids require some degree of pre- heating to ignite. it Number 1 RULE- ELIMINATE IGNITION SOURCES. Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids Three subdivisions 4.1 - Flammable solids 4.2 - Spontaneously combustible 4.3 43- Dangerous when wet 47 Hazard Class 4 - Placards 48 8

Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides 49 Hazard Class 5- Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Placards 50 Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify burn Strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which can lead to violent combustion Many organic peroxides are very unstable Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances Division 6.1 Toxic materials Can include severely irritating substances Tear Gas, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon tetrachloride Division 6.2 Infectious Substances Potential to cause diseases in humans Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids 51 Hazard Class 6 Placards 52 INFECTOUS WASTE 53 Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials Three Types: Alpha, Beta, Gamma Ionizing radiation hazard Exposure does not always result in contamination Safety Rules: Time, Distance and Shielding Shipped in specialized containers 54 9

Hazard Class 7- Radioactive Placards 55 Hazard Class 8 - Corrosive Materials 56 Those materials which can cause irreversible damage to human tissue. In addition, the fumes or vapors from many of the materials are also very hazardous. Examples: nitric acid, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda or lye), hydrochloric acid. Hazard Class- 8 Corrosive Materials Placards 57 Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (ORM-D) 58 Division 9.1 Division 9.3 Misc. dangerous goods. Division 9.2 Environmentally hazardous substances. Dangerous waste. Hazard Class 9- Miscellaneous dangerous goods Placards 59 Placard any quantity of these Enter Division Number 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 and compatibility group letter, when required. Placard any quantity 60 RADIOACTIVE Placard any quantity of packaging bearing the RADIOACTIVE III label. Certain low specific activity radioactive materials in "exclusive use" will not bear the label but RADIOACTIVE placard is required. Miscellaneous Not required for domestic transportation. Placard 454 kg (1,001) lbs.) or more gross weight of material which presents a hazard during the transport, but is not included in any other hazard class. Enter compatibility group letter, when required. Placard 454 kg (1,001 lbs.) Placard any quantity of Division 2.3 material. DANGEROUS WHEN WET Placard any quantity ofdivision 4.3material POISON Placard any quantity of 6.1, PGI, inhalation hazard only. Placard 454 kg (1,001 lbs.) or more or PG or II, other than PGI inhalation hazard. 10

Subsidiary Risk 61 The DANGEROUS Placard 62 Class numbers do not appear on subsidiary risk placard Placard empty tank cars for residue of material last contained. Required background for placards on rail shipments of certain explosives and poisons. Also required for highway route-controlled quantities of radioactive materials (see 172.507 and 172.510). Placard 454 kg (1,001 lbs.) gross weight of two or more categories of hazardous materials listed in Table 2. A freight container, until load device, motor vehicle, or rail car which contain non-bulk packaging with two or more categories of hazardous materials that t require placard specified in Table 2 may be placarded with a DANGEROUS placard instead of the separate placarding specified for each of the materials in Table 2. However, when 2.268 kg (5,000 lbs.) or more of one category of materials is loaded at one facility, the placard specified in Table 2 must be applied. Military Placards 63 More Military... Some resemble UN/NA and some are completely different 64 More Military... 65 Toxic or Harmful Review -- Identification System There are Classes of Hazmat 66 Green is associated with Placard Yellow is associated with Class Explain the acronym BLEVE A blue placard means what? Corrosive Materials can do what? Flammable and Combustible liquids are in the same class, what separates one from the other? Class 2 has flammables, non flammables, poisons etc., what is the common denominator? 11

The Hazardous Materials Table 67 The Hazardous Materials Table 68 WHAT IS IT? The Hazardous Materials Table is found in the HMR and lists materials that the Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) has determined to be hazardous. The Hazardous Materials Table 69 Contains all the necessary information to identify the requirements that apply to each shipment of each hazardous material: Column 1 Symbols Column 2 Proper Shipping Descriptions And Names Column 3 Hazard Class Or Division Column 4 Identification Numbers Column 5 Packing Group Column 6 Labeling Requirements Column 7 Special Provisions Column 8 Packaging Authorizations Column 9 Quantity Limitations Column 10 Vessel Stowage Who Uses It? 70 Anyone with the responsibility of determining: What the hazards of a material are The proper packaging, labeling, placards The proper shipping descriptions Any transportation restrictions HazMat Table Question What s a hazardous materials table? a) A bench top in the chemical lab b) The morning breakfast table c) A list of substances that pose a risk to health, safety and property p d) All of the above What s the purpose of the Hazardous Materials Table? a) To confuse everyone b) The source of information on classifying, packaging and shipping materials. 71 HAZMAT TABLE - QUESTIONS Who uses the hazardous materials table? a) Everyone b) Anyone who makes, handles, packages or ships hazardous materials c) Those who determine shipping descriptions and packaging, labeling, shipping requirements 72 12

Shipping Papers 73 Shipping Papers 74 Properly completed shipping papers must accompany every shipment of hazardous materials Whenever a hazardous material is transported, its description must appear on the shipping paper. A Bill of Lading is the most common Hazardous Waste Manifest Multiple entries can be made on one shipping document. Hazardous and non-hazardous materials can both be listed on the same document. Bill of Lading 75 Bill of Lading 76 When both a hazardous and a non hazardous material are listed, the hazardous material must be: Listed FIRST Shown in contrasting color and highlighted on multi-sheet forms. Identified with an X or RQ in the HM column. SHIPPING PAPERS Entry must be legible and in English Entry may not contain code numbers or abbreviations Each entry for each hazardous material must include the BASIC DESCRIPTION: Proper shipping name (Column 2, Hazmat Table) Hazard class (Column 3, Hazmat Table) Identification Number (Column 4, Hazmat Table) Packing Group (Column 5, Hazmat Table) 77 SHIPPING PAPERS Shipping paper must: Contain the name of the shipper Indicate multiple pages, for example page 1 of 4. Show emergency response number Contain Shipper s Certification Include the total quantity of material Accompany the shipment (give to the driver) Be readily available in driver s compartment 78 13

SHIPPING PAPERS 79 SHIPPING PAPERS, QUESTIONS 80 What can be used for a shipping document? Can hazardous and non-hazardous materials be listed on the same shipping document (Y/N)? Name one item that must be on a shipping paper for every material shipped. Who gets the shipping paper when the shipment leaves the supplier? Where is the shipping paper kept? Packaging and Package Marking 81 Package and Package Marking 82 Hazmat packaging must be designed to safely contain the material The more hazardous the material, the more strict the packaging g requirement: o Packing Group I Great Danger o Packing Group II Medium Danger o Packing Group III Minor Danger All packaging must be tested prior to use o Performance Oriented Packaging, POP Packaging and Package Marking 83 Performance Oriented Packaging (POP) requirements apply to: o Bulk Greater than 119 gallons, Example: Totes o Non-bulk Less than or equal to 119 gallons Examples: Drums, Bottles, Carboys o New and reused packaging o Specification and non-specification packaging All packaging must be marked Packaging and Package Marking 84 14

Package and Package Marking 85 Package/Marking - Questions 86 What type of package can be used to ship a hazardous material? a) Strong sturdy boxes or containers b) Boxes or container that have been tested for the material being shipped. c) Only new boxes or containers d) All of the above Can a material with a severe hazard rating be shipped in a package rated for a mildly hazardous material? Only non-bulk packages need to be marked (T/F) What is POP packaging? a) Specification packaging for carbonated beverages b) What they pack firecrackers in c) Performance Oriented Packaging Labeling 87 Labeling 88 Hazardous Material Warning labels are colorcoded so that the hazards can be quickly recognized. Labels correspond to the placards that must appear on bulk packaging, freight containers, transport vehicles or rail cars that contain a hazardous material. Labels are NOT required on bulk packages with placard(s). Labeling 89 Labeling 90 Labels must include both the hazard class and the division of hazard, if required, according to the Hazardous Materials Table (Col. 6). Example: 5.1 for Oxidizer The first label listed is the primary hazard of the material. This label MUST contain the hazard class number. Additional labels indicate subsidiary hazards. These labels DO NOT contain the hazard class number. Labels must be visible. Example: Stretch wrapped skids of items. 15

Labeling 91 Labeling 92 Labeling Questions 93 How do you recognize a hazard from the label? 1. By the color 2. By the symbol on the label 3. By the wording on the label 4. By the number at the bottom of the label 5. All of the above You can use two (or more) labels on one package (T/F). Labels do not need to be visible on all materials shipped as long as information is on the paperwork and the driver understands what he is shipping (T/F) Labels are NOT required on bulk packages (T/F) Placarding 94 Placarding 95 Hazmat placards are similar to the shape, color and design of hazmat warning labels. They serve the following purposes: o To alert the public to the potential dangers of hazardous materials. o To guide emergency personnel in their actions during a hazmat incident. Placarding 96 Unless excepted, each: o Bulk package o Freight container o Unit load device o Transport vehicle o Rail car Containing any quantity of a hazardous material must be placarded on each side and each end with the placards specified in Part 172, Subpart F. 16

Placarding 97 Placarding 98 Placarding Questions 99 Placards are different from labels in what ways? 1. They are bigger 2. They typically contain only the hazard class number 3. They are used on bulk, freight, tankers, etc. 4. All of the above The hazard class number on the placard must match the number in the shipping description (T/F). Semi trailers containing non-bulk packaging never need to be placarded (T/F) Loading and Securement 100 HazMat Emergency Response 101 Your Actions in a HazMat Emergency Stop Warn Isolate Minimize Exposure 102 You are not an emergency responder leave that to the professionals! 17

Response Exercise 103 Transporting 4 containers of hazmat (chlorine) when accident occurred on major freeway No one is injured Describe your SWIM actions Stop Warn Isolate Minimize HazMat Emergencies 104 Those who handle hazardous materials must know: The basic description & technical name of the material Immediate hazard's to health Risks of fire and exposure Who to contact How to clear the area How to isolate a spill Preliminary first aid and fire fighting methods Emergency response phone numbers Chemical Exposure Explosion Oxygen Deficiency or Oxygen Enriched Environments Natural Radiation Unstable Footing Hazard Recognition Site Hazards 105 Fire Confined Spaces Sharp Edges Hazard Recognition Spill Response Hazards Dispersants/Degreasers Heavy Machinery Outside the Hospital (Cranes) Unguarded dequipment 106 Equipment/Vehicle Condition or Failure Driving Fatigue & Stress Ergonomic Injuries Hazard Recognition Site & Response Electrical Hazards Thermal Exposure Noise Traffic Work-related Violence Container Shapes Plastic Drums Larger vehicles in the proximity of the building such as trucks with Ribbed Tank Cars 5-gallon Canisters 107 Hazard Recognition Placards & Labels Shipping Papers and SDS 108 18

National Fire Protection Association 109 NFPA 704 System Indicates general hazards Used on buildings Not used everywhere Discussed here because buildings where you pick up or deposit your load may be involved in an emergency Fire Hazard NFPA 704 110 4 Flash Point below 73 O F 3 Flash Point below 100 O F 2 Flash Point from 100 to 200 O F 1 Preheating Required for Ignition 0 Will Not Burn NFPA 704 4 Death or Severe Injury with Short Exposure 3 Severe Temporary or Long Term Injury 2 Severe Injury with Intense or Long Term Exposure 1 Irritation or Minor Injury 0 No Hazard 111 Health Hazard NFPA 704 112 4 Explosive Decomposition at Normal Temps. 3 Detonation with Strong Initiating Source 2 Unstable Chemical Reactions 1 Unstable at Elevated Temperatures 0 Stable Reactivity NFPA 704 DOT Hazard Classes Specific Hazards 113 OXY = Oxidizer ACID = Acid ALK = Alkali COR = Corrosive W = Water = Radioactive Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8 Class 9 114 Explosives Gases Flammable Liquid Flammable Solid Oxidizer Poisons Radioactive Material Corrosives Misc. Hazardous Material 19

COMPASS Exercise 115 Hazardous Material Identification System 116 Hazardous Material Identification System 117 References 118 DOT Emergency Response Guide 119 White National Response Center Placards Yellow - U.N. Number Blue - Alphabetical Orange - Safety Recommendations Green - Initial Isolation Hazmat Quiz 1. Hazardous materials must be prepared for shipping in accordance with: A) OSHA 1910 134 A) OSHA 1910.134 B) Hazardous Materials Regulation in 49 CFR C) The AHERA Standard D) all of the above 20

Hazmat Quiz 2. All hazmat employees must receive initial training and periodically retrained at least A) annually B) every 3 years C) after each spill D) don t have to be retrained Hazmat Quiz 3. A chemical burn is an example of what kind of hazard: A) chronic B) acute C) cancerous D) ergonomic Hazmat Quiz Hazmat Quiz 4. A hazmat employee is defined as one who: A) works in a trucking company B) has a direct affect on the safe transportation of hazardous materials C) works in the loading and storage area of a company D) owns/operates a truck 5. Hazardous chemicals should be stored: A) alphabetically B) according to compatibility C) according to size of container D) none of the above Hazmat Quiz 6.What is the best source for locating information such as proper shipping name, hazard class, ID numbers and packing group numbers? A) Labels B) MSDSs C) Hazardous Materials Table D) Placards 7. All labels must be: Hazmat Quiz A) durable B) weather-resistant ) C) unobscured D) all of the above 21

Hazmat Quiz 8. If there is a chemical spill you should do all of the following except: HAZMAT QUIZ 9. What is the hazard class associated with this label? A) identify the material B) contain the material C) clean up the material D) none of the above HAZMAT QUIZ 10. What is the hazard class associated with this label? HAZMAT QUIZ 11. What is the hazard associated with this label? Hazmat Quiz 12. Workers who must know how to deal with hazmat emergencies are: A) emergency response personnel only B) drivers C) emergency response personnel D) anyone who may be exposed to a hazardous materials incident/accident in the workplace 132 Questions? Presenter: Sean Halpin, Du-All Safety Phone: 510-651-8289 E-mail: Safety@du-all.com 22