Energy Test February 9 Study Guide Due February 9
Bellwork 1/17 What we have left: Energy, Land/Water Use, and Ecology What units have we studied so far?
Energy The ability to do work Most common - Joule
Energy Forms Mechanical, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Nuclear, Electromagnetic
Power Rate at which the energy is used Most common - Watt
Dimensional Analysis For any math on the FRQ, you must show your work with dimensional analysis 1. Write your starting and ending units first 2. For each step, write out the units as fractions 3. When a unit on top matches a unit on the bottom, they cancel each other out
Silly Example A farmer started with 5 goats. He traded all of his goats for sheep at an exchange rate of 3 sheep for 1 goat. He then traded his sheep for pigs at a rate of 1 sheep for 2 pigs. Next he traded his pigs for canaries. For every 3 pigs, he received 27 canaries. He then sold all of canaries for a rate of $3.25 per canary. How much money did the farmer make on his canaries?
Silly Example A farmer started with 5 goats. He traded all of his goats for sheep at an exchange rate of 3 sheep for 1 goat. He then traded his sheep for pigs at a rate of 1 sheep for 2 pigs. Next he traded his pigs for canaries. For every 3 pigs, he received 27 canaries. He then sold all of canaries for a rate of $3.25 per canary. How much money did the farmer make on his canaries?
Silly Example A farmer started with 5 goats. He traded all of his goats for sheep at an exchange rate of 3 sheep for 1 goat.
Silly Example He traded all of his goats for sheep at an exchange rate of 3 sheep for 1 goat. He then traded his sheep for pigs at a rate of 1 sheep for 2 pigs.
Silly Example He then traded his sheep for pigs at a rate of 1 sheep for 2 pigs. Next he traded his pigs for canaries. For every 3 pigs, he received 27 canaries.
Silly Example For every 3 pigs, he received 27 canaries. He then sold all of canaries for a rate of $3.25 per canary. How much money did the farmer make on his canaries?
Bellwork 1/18/17 Copy down definitions and then answer a scenario. 1st Law of Thermodynamics - Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, merely transformed into different forms. Thus, it is always conserved. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - Law of increasing entropy. It states that the entropy of the universe increases with every physical process (change) that occurs. Entropy refers to the level of disorder, randomness, or chaos, of a system, the higher the randomness of a system, the higher its entropy. The more organized a system, the lower
Bellwork 1/18/17 A 100 Watt bulb uses 100 J/sec of electrical energy. If it is 20% efficient, then the bulb converts 20% of the electrical energy into light and 80% is wasted by being transformed into heat (ever felt a hot light bulb?) - How does this demonstrate the 1st Law? - How does this demonstrate the 2nd Law?
Bellwork 1/18/17 A 100 Watt bulb uses 100 J/sec of electrical energy. If it is 20% efficient, then the bulb converts 20% of the electrical energy into light and 80% is wasted by being transformed into heat (ever felt a hot light bulb?). - How does this demonstrate the 1st Law? Electric energy transformed into light and heat energy - How does this demonstrate the 2nd Law? The 20% efficiency (80% waste) increasing disorder
Today Continue working on math problems. - Work it out together on the whiteboard - Copy it in onto your own sheet of paper Do your very best NOT to use a calculator. Practice impatience now!
Bellwork 1/19 Scientific Notation Use the rules to solve the problems.
Bellwork - 1/19 1) 2) 3) 4) -3-9 (8.7 x 10 ) x (4.2 x 10 ) -3-9 (8.7 x 10 ) (4.2 x 10 ) 7 7 (8.5 x 10 ) - (4.5 x 10 ) (3 x 109) + (14 x 106)
Bellwork - 1/19 1) (8.7 x 10-3) x (4.2 x 10-9) 3.654 x 10-11 2) (8.7 x 10-3) (4.2 x 10-9) 2.07 x 106 3) (8.5 x 107) - (4.5 x 107) 4.0 x 107 4) (3 x 109) + (14 x 106) 3.014 x 109
Today - 1/20 1) No bellwork 2) Turn in homework, get out math work to go over 3) Finish with 3 FRQ Practice Questions
Today 1) Turn in your outline 2) Turn in your math if you re done...if you still need help, come see me outside of class to finish it! 3) Bellwork based on a chart on the next slide
Oil - Review (Lessons 1 & 2) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. How does the world and the US compare in terms of energy sources? What is crude oil (petroleum) and how is it extracted/refined? What is a petrochemical and why are such chemicals important? Discuss pros and cons of drilling for oil in Alaska s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge What are major advantages and disadvantages of using conventional oil as an energy resource? Define oil sand (tar sand). How is it extracted and turned into heavy oil? Define shale oil. How is it produced? What are major advantages and disadvantages of using heavy oils produced from oil sands and shale oil as energy resources?
How does the world and US compare?
How does the world and US compare?
Crude oil Black, gooey liquid consisting mostly of combustible hydrocarbons with small amounts of impurities like sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen (aka conventional or light oil or petroleum)
Crude oil (extraction, refining?)
Petrochemicals - products of distillation, raw materials for products like Adhesives and sealants, Agrochemicals, Construction chemicals, Corrosion control chemicals, Cosmetics raw materials, Electronic chemicals and materials, Flavourings, fragrances, food additives, Pharmaceutical drugs, Specialty and industrial chemicals, Specialty and industrial gases, Inks, dyes and printing supplies, Packaging, bottles, and containers, Paint, coatings, and resins, Polymer additives, Specialty and life sciences chemicals, Surfactants and cleaning agents
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge PROS - Could boost domestic oil supply - Could help Alaska economy and produce local jobs CONS - Exploration and drilling could do significant damage to a fragile ecosystem - Exposes area to oil spills - Is there really enough oil to be economically necessary?
Pros/Cons Oil PROS - Inexpensive high net energy yield easily transported with pipeline network, versatile (produces paints, medicine, plastics, etc) CONS - - Nonrenewable with limited reserves Releases CO2 and other air pollutants when burned disrupts land surface (erosion), disrupts wildlife habitat oil leaks and spills (land and ocean)
Tar Sands Aka oil sands a mixture of clay, sand water, and a combustible organic material called bitumen (thick, sticky, tarlike heavy oil with a high sulfur content)
Tar Sand Extraction
Shale Oil Produced by mining, crushing, and heating oil shale rock to extract a mixture of hydrocarbons called kerogen
Oil Shale Extraction
Heavy Oils (from tar sands and shale oil) Pros/Cons PROS - - Availability (global supplies of shale oil may be 200x larger than conventional oil) Easily transported CONS - - Uses a lot of heat to process Uses a large amount of water (especially bad in deserts, and a lot is found in WY, CO, and UT) Uses surface mining Leads to groundwater contamination with salts, carcinogens, & toxic metals
January 24 1) Today: Looking at the Keystone XL Pipeline Debate 2) Turn in homework 3) Bellwork: What do you know about the Keystone XL Pipeline?
Alberta Tar Sands, 2006
Washington Post, 2014
Sierra Club, 2014
Vox, 2014
TransCanada CEO, 2015? http://money.cnn.com/video/news/2013/03/07/keystone-pipeline-transcanadaceo.cnnmoney/
Seeker Daily, 2015
AJ+, 2015
PBS NewsHour, 2015
PBS NewsHour, 2015
January 25 Turn in homework and Keystone XL Debate Bellwork - What do you know about fracking? Also this just happened yesterday (totally didn t know that when I planned the lesson...)
Natural Gas A mixture of gases that is mostly methane (also contains propane, butane, and hydrogen sulfide)
Natural Gas Found in deposits lying above deposits above conventional oil and in tightly held deposits of shale rock
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Propane and butane gases are put under high pressures to put them into the liquid state, and stored in pressurized tanks for transport
Liquefied Natural Gas The gas is put under high pressure and low temperature so that it can be transported across oceans in refrigerated tanker ships, after which it is heated at its destination and transported by pipeline
Conventional Natural Gas PROS - Large supply Versatile Medium net energy yield Emits less CO2 and other air pollutants than other fossil fuels when burned CONS - - Nonrenewable Low net energy yield for LNG Production and delivery may emit more CO2 and CH4 per unit of energy than produced by coal Fracking uses and pollutes large volumes of water Potential groundwater pollution from fracking
Unconventional Natural Gas 1) Coal Bed Methane Gas - difficult and expensive - scars land - depletes water sources - pollutes aquifers
Unconventional Natural Gas 2) Methane Hydrate - methane trapped in arctic permafrost and on ocean floors - expensive - CH4 is a potent GHG and its release would further global warming
January 25 Fracking WebQuest - Found on my website - Write answers on notebook sheet of paper - You may work by yourself, as a group, or with your shoulder partner
January 27 1) Bellwork - What s something you learned this week that has really stuck? 2) Turn in bellwork from this week and last week (7 days) 3) Review - whiteboards, lecture 4) Bozeman Science - Fossil Fuels & Energy Concepts 5) Homework: Outline pgs 426-434
Make sure your outlines are structured! Section Title Section Title A. Pg 426 Subtitle a. a. b. B. Subtitle a. b. c. C. Notes Notes Notes Notes Notes Notes Subtitle Your outline should look like you actually read it! a. a. b. Notes Notes Notes Pg 427 c. d. e. Notes Notes Notes
Coal Review 1) What is coal? 2) How is it formed? 3) Compare the use of coal by US and China 4) Advantages/Disadvantages of coal 5) What are synfuels? 6) How are synfuels produced? 7) Advantages and disadvantages of using liquid and gaseous synfuels produced from coal?
What is coal? Solid fossil fuel formed from the remains of land plants buried 300-400 million years ago and exposed to intense heat and pressure over that time
How is it formed?
Pros & Cons of Coal PROS - Ample supply - Medium to high net energy yield - Low costs (not including environmental costs) - Stable, non-explosive, and no issues with spills CONS - Severe land disturbance and water pollution - Mining is dangerous - Fine particle and toxic mercury emissions threaten human health - Emits large amounts of CO2 and air pollutants
Synfuels A fuel produced from coal by intense chemical and physical changes - Produced by coal gasification (to make synthetic natural gas) - Or coal liquefaction (methanol or synthetic gasoline)
Pros & Cons of Synfuels PROS - Easily transported through pipelines - Less air pollution - Large potential supply - Can produce gasoline, diesel, or kerosene directly CONS - Low net energy yield - Plants are expensive - Would increase depletion of coal - Expensive product
January 30 - Bellwork For the following questions, assume the average commute per month is 1000 miles, 20 pounds of carbon dioxide are produced per gallon of gasoline consumed, and the average young tree removes 25 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Round to the nearest whole number If a 2011 Honda Civic has a fuel economy of 30 mpg, - How many gallons of gasoline are consumed in a month? How many pounds of carbon dioxide are produced in a month? Year? How many trees would need to be planted to offset this car s carbon dioxide?
Nuclear Reactor - How it works Nuclear reaction boils water, steam turns a turbine, turbine generates electricity
Three Mile Island - March 28, 1979 5 on the International Nuclear Event Scale Stuck open valve allowed coolant to escape Worst in US history Cleanup officially finished in December 1993
Chernobyl April 6, 1986 7 on the INES A steam explosion caused a fire that caused updrafts of fission products for 9 days
Fukushima March 11, 2011 Earthquake caused the breakdown of generators that would cool the reactors, causing 3 nuclear meltdowns Level 7 on the INES
Class Discussion Decide with your group - are you for nuclear energy or against it? Provide an argument on the white boards
Nuclear Energy Review
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/energyoffice/renewable-energy-standard
February 1 - Bellwork For the following questions, assume the average commute per month is 1000 miles, 20 pounds of carbon dioxide are produced per gallon of gasoline consumed, and the average young tree removes 25 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Show your work and round to the nearest whole number If a Cadillac Escalade SUV has a fuel economy of 14 mpg, - How many gallons of gasoline are consumed in a month? How many pounds of carbon dioxide are produced in a month? Year? How many trees would need to be planted to offset this car s carbon dioxide?
February 1 - Bellwork For the following questions, assume the average commute per month is 1000 miles, 20 pounds of carbon dioxide are produced per gallon of gasoline consumed, and the average young tree removes 25 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Show your work and round to the nearest whole number If a Cadillac Escalade SUV has a fuel economy of 14 mpg, - How many gallons of gasoline are consumed in a month? 71 gal/month How many pounds of carbon dioxide are produced in a month? Year? 1420 lbs CO2/month, 17,040 lbs CO2/year How many trees would need to be planted to offset this car s carbon dioxide? 682 trees
February 2 - Bellwork For the following questions, assume the average commute per month is 1000 miles, 20 pounds of carbon dioxide are produced per gallon of gasoline consumed, and the average young tree removes 25 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Show your work and round to the nearest whole number If a 2011 Toyota Prius has a fuel economy of 48 mpg, - How many gallons of gasoline are consumed in a month? How many pounds of carbon dioxide are produced in a month? Year? How many trees would need to be planted to offset this car s yearly carbon dioxide?
February 2 - Bellwork For the following questions, assume the average commute per month is 1000 miles, 20 pounds of carbon dioxide are produced per gallon of gasoline consumed, and the average young tree removes 25 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Show your work and round to the nearest whole number If a 2011 Toyota Prius has a fuel economy of 48 mpg, - How many gallons of gasoline are consumed in a month? 21 gal/month How many pounds of carbon dioxide are produced in a month? Year? 420 lbs CO2/month, 5040 lbs CO2/year How many trees would need to be planted to offset this car s yearly carbon dioxide? 202 trees