Plant Life Management in Transition from Operation to Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants. National experience, Finland. Jari Tuunanen, 30 Aug.2016
Contents Background Status of decommissioning plans of Loviisa NPP Transition phase from operation to decommissioning Plant life management issues Summary 2
Background (1) Status of the operating Finnish NPPs and plants under construction Olkiluoto 1 and 2 operating license will be updated 2018 Loviisa 1 and 2 have operating license until 2027 and 2030 Olkiluoto 3 should start operation around 2018, remaining works completed next spring. Fennovoima 1 plant construction should begin around 2018 Small scale decommissioning projects under way at VTT Technical research centre of Finland FiR1 research reactor and active material research laboratory The first NPP decommissioning project begins early 2020 if Loviisa NPP operating life is not prolonged 3
Background (2) Fortum has ownerships in five NPPs in Finland and Sweden Operator and owner of Loviisa NPP with two VVER-440 type PWRs, Partial owner of Olkiluoto NPP with two operating BWRs and one EPR under construction Partial owner of Oskarshamn and Forsmark NPPs Early shutdown of the Swedish Oskarshamn 1 and 2 units Small share of the new Fennovoima plant unit in Finland In addition to the NPP units, Fortum s nuclear operations in Loviisa site include Spent fuel interim storage facility, and Low and intermediate level waste repository. Forum owns a part of Posiva company, which is responsible for planning and management of spent fuel from Olkiluoto and Loviisa NPPs Construction license to spent fuel encapsulation and disposal facility was received 12.11.2015 Only spent fuel disposal is done outside Loviisa NPP site area, all other waste management operations are done on site. 4
Nuclear power* capacity 31 December 2009 Nuclear power Fully-owned Loviisa MW 976 Co-owned Olkiluoto (TVO) Oskarshamn Forsmark Total 463 1 089 696 3 224 A fully-owned nuclear power plant in Loviisa Co-owned nuclear assets: 25% interest in TVO s power plant units in Olkiluoto, Finland. 23% interest in the Forsmark units, Sweden 43% interest in the Oskarshamn units, Sweden Forsmark Oskarshamn Olkiluoto Loviisa * Power capacity refers respectively to Fortum's shares of fully and jointly-owned power plants. 5 Power / Jari Tuunanen
Loviisa 1 and Loviisa 2 6 Power / Jari Tuunanen
Status of decommissioning plan of Loviisa NPP Decommissioning plan is based on immediate dismantling after 50 years of operation. Latest decommissioning plan update made 2012, next update 2018 Plant personnel experience from outage planning and plant operations has been used in decommissioning work plan updates Spent fuel storage, solidification plan and liquid waste storage will be decommissioned in 2060 s Disposal of large components without cutting Site will remain in industrial use, no greenfield All planning is based on technology available today Dismantling of non-radioactive parts is not included Cost estimate around 360 M including waste disposal costs Disposal of decommissioning waste to the existing on-site LILW repository Conceptual design for the extension done based on the waste inventory New safety case for final disposal of the waste Money reserved in nuclear waste fund for decommissioning and other waste management actions 7
Status of the decommissioning plans for Loviisa NPP: Waste inventory based on plant measurements, operating experiences and MCNP-simulations 3D CAD model of the plant available Work-plan for the decommissioning with manpower estimates Basic design of the final disposal facility for decommissioning waste Long term safety analysis for final disposal of the waste Risk analysis of the decommissioning works Cost estimate based on work plan and real disposal costs 8
Decommissioning schedule and phase in Loviisa NPP: 2020 2025 2030 2035 Environmental impact assessment Licensing and extension of the repository Final decom. plan New operation license Licensing, planning and construction phase 2020 2025 2030 2035 Plant operation, LO1 Plant operation, LO2 Transition, LO1 Transition, LO1 Dismantling, LO1, LO2 2025 2030 2035 2040 2050 2060 2065 2070 Disposal of spent fuel Independent operation of the spent fuel storage Dismantling spent fuel storage, solidification plant and liquid waste storage Transition from operation to decommissioning Independent operation And decommissioning of spent from storage 9 Power / Jari Tuunanen
Fig. 4: Final disposal facility for the operational and decommissioning waste from the Loviisa NPP: 10 Picture: Elias Mayer, Fortum P&H
Final disposal of the decommissioning waste from the Loviisa NPP: 11 Power / Jari Tuunanen
Lifting of the RPV with the existing equipment: 12
Preparation during operational phase Storage and maintenance of tools and equipment needed in the decommissioning works Licensing of decommissioning and repository extension Environmental impact assessment Decision in principle (for repository extension) Construction license for the repository extension Operating license for the repository extension New operating license for plant operation Solidification of the liquid waste produced during operation Preparation of the decommissioning plans Modification of the spent fuel storage for transportation of the spent fuel to Olkiluoto for disposal New operating license for post operational period 13
Transition phase from operation to decommissioning Transport of spent fuel to the onsite spent fuel storage Three years needed Construction of transport routes for waste Current plan includes a ramp, but the plan will most probably be changed Construction of packaging and measuring points for the waste Existing rooms will be used A new interim buffer storage for waste may be needed for logistics purposes Purchase of the special equipment needed for the decommissioning work and for the transportation of decommissioning waste. Service of equipment needed during dismantling works Cranes, Preparation of spent fuel storage for independent operation Treatment of remaining radioactive liquids and resins left in the systems, tanks and pools Limited dismantling possible e.g. in reactor hall to prepare for the next phase Adaptation of the organisation for decommissioning phase 14
Other plant life management related issues: On-site underground LILW repository and spent fuel storage will be in operation until 2060 s Aging of concrete, equipment and structures needs attention Integrity of spent fuel storage pools Expertise on e.g. long term safety of final disposal of the waste needed to prepare e.g. periodic safety reviews every 15 years Dismantling of the clean buildings not necessary (not involved in nuclear liabilities) but may be needed Taxes, maintenance issues Possible new plant units on site Not considered in the current planning Operation of the Loviisa 2 when Loviisa 1 is under preparation phase Some common systems Knowledge management after plant closure during the independent operation of the spent fuel storage 15