UGANDA S PLAN FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY UPDATE 2011 Godfrey Bahati and Isaiah Tumwikirize Department of Geological Survey and Mines, P.O Box 9, Entebbe, Uganda gbahati@gmail.com, isaiah.tumwikirize@gmail.com
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a b c (a) Nyiragongo lava lake 2006 (b) Nyiragongo lave flares 24/02/ 2007 (c) Nyiragongo lave lake 22 /05/ 2007 (Wafula et.al 2007a) Goma Volcano Observatory.
Uganda Area 241 000 km 2. 30 million people. Economy depends mainly on agriculture. Oil products imported (100%). Biomass represents 93% of the national energy balance. Renewable energy policy 2007 goal is to increase the use of modern renewable energy from the current 4% to 61% of the total energy consumption by 2017. Energy development a priority the Uganda 5 year national development plan (2010 2015).
Status of power supply in Uganda The current power generation capacity is as follows: Kiira & Nalubaale Power stations at Jinja 150 190 MW Thermal Power Stations by Aggreko 100 MW Thermal Power station by Jacobsen 50 MW Cogeneration by Sugar Plants 25 MW Mini Hydros 30 MW Peak Demand is about 550 MW Electricity coverage is 12% for the whole country and 6% in rural areas Annual demand for electricity is growing at about 8% per year 5
Plan for increased power supply in the Short to Medium term (2010 2015) The plan involves: increasing generation capacity using fossil fuels, construction of three large hydropower plants; Bujagali (250 MW), Karuma (750 MW) and Isimba (100 MW) within the next 4 years, and enhancement of renewable energy development, emplacement of energy efficiency measures. 6
Long-term measures (2012 2025) The development of large hydro power sites, namely, Ayago North (300MW), Ayago South (200MW) and Uhuru (300MW). Interconnection of the regional power grid; Use of locally produced oil to generate thermal power. Use of new and renewable sources of energy which include; biomass, peat and geothermal. The country s geothermal potential is estimated at 450 MW. Target is 3885 MW by 2015 and 8601 MW by 2020.
Geothermal development in Uganda The strategic objective is to develop geothermal energy to complement hydro and other sources of power to meet the energy demand of rural areas in sound environment.
Location of geothermal resources
Recent studies Katwe Kibiro Buranga Others areas Geology Complete Complete Complete Preliminary Geochemistry Complete Complete Complete Preliminary Hydrology Partly Partly Partly Not done Geophysics Partly Partly Partly Not done Temp. gradient Completed Completed Not done Not done
Results of recent investigations Subsurface temperatures of 140-200 C for Katwe, 120-150 C for Buranga, 200-220 C for Kibiro and 100-160 C for other areas have been predicted by geothermometry. The above temperatures if confirmed are suitable for electricity production & direct use in industry and agriculture. Movement of the fluids from recharge areas to the reservoirs and hot springs is from high ground and fault controlled. δ 18 O in SO 4 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 50 100 C 150 C N o rth in g (m ) 200000 195000 190000 185000 180000 175000 170000 165000 34 Buseruka Kibiro 25 32 33 17 30 14 20 21 29 19 2622 28 Kigorobya 16 4 27 12 15 160000 285000 290000 295000 300000 305000 310000 315000 320000 325000 330000 335000 340000 Kibiro 31 Kitoba Eastings (m) 1 13 8 7 3 2 Biiso 9 200 C 11 Mukhihani-Waisembe Ridge 10 250 C Kibiro Buranga Katwe -10-8 -6-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 δ 18 O in H 2 O D 6 5 3 2 0-2 -3-5 -6-8 -9-11 -12 300 C
Results of recent investigations: Katwe and Kibiro Anomalous areas have been mapped by geology and geophysical studies in Katwe and Kibiro prospects. Temperature gradient drilling and measurements at Katwe (30-36 C/km) and Kibiro (13-31 C/km) suggest geothermal reservoirs that are either deep seated or offset from the drilled area.
Results of recent investigations: Buranga Micro-seismic surveys have located a subsurface anomaly within the vicinity of the thermal activity at Buranga, but is yet to be confirmed by additional geophysical surveys and drilling. Buranga Buranga conceptual model (BGR 2007)
Panyimur: Temperature gradient of Oil wells and adjacent geothermal areas The Panyimur geothermal area in Nebbi district, has indications of a geothermal prospect following the results of the petroleum drilling programme. The drilling has encountered high temperature gradients (60-80 C/km) in the area close and east of Panyimur. The depth of the wells is in the range of 600 1000m
Uganda Geothermal Energy Development project (2011-2016) 2016) The proposed project is estimated to cost US$ 35.74 Million and is divided into two phases; (1) Pre-feasibility and Infrastructure assessment (US$ 5.6 Million). (a) Completion of surface exploration at Katwe, Buranga and Kibiro. (b) Detailed surface exploration at Panyimur. (c) Strategy for geothermal development and capacity building. (2) Feasibility study (US$ 30.14 Million )
1. Pre-feasibility and Infrastructure assessment (a) Completion of surface exploration at Katwe, Buranga and Kibiro Activity Description Cost in Million USD Review of existing data Additional surveys at Katwe, Buranga and Kibiro Design and tendering Environmental impact assessment Contingency (10%). Total Careful review of and second opinion on previous findings. Integration and analysis of information/data from previous geothermal studies and other studies carried out in the Western Rift Valley especially by the Petroleum Exploration and Production Programme to come up with the subsurface model of the Rift Valley. Geophysical studies at Katwe, Buranga and Kibiro using Transient Electromagnetics (TEM) and Magneto-tellurics (MT) methods to probe deeper and identify the heat source and targets for deep drilling, Geological and geochemical surveys focused on location of drill sites. Carryout hydrological and hydrogeological surveys to study in detail the structures that control the fluid flow mechanisms in the four areas. Select the most promising area for the feasibility study. Siting of 3 exploration boreholes in the prospect. Design of exploratory wells and preparation of tender documents. Collection of baseline data for sociological and environmental impact assessment. (if equipment is hired)
(b) Detailed surface exploration at Panyimur Activity Description Cost in Million USD Review of existing data Detailed survey at Panyimur Design and tendering Environmental impact assessment Contingency (10%). Total Careful review of and second opinion on previous findings. Integration and analysis of information/data from previous geothermal studies and other studies carried out in the Western Rift Valley especially by the Petroleum Exploration and Production Programme to come up with the subsurface model of the Rift Valley. Carryout detailed geological, geochemical and geophysical (MT, TEM and Gravity) surveys at Panyimur to delineate geothermal anomalous areas, identify the source of heat and targets for deep drilling. Carryout hydrological and hydrogeological surveys to study in detail the structures that control the fluid flow mechanisms in the four areas. Covered in (a) above. Collection of baseline data for sociological and environmental impact assessment. (if equipment is hired)
(c) Strategy for geothermal development and capacity building Activity Description Cost in Million USD Strategy for geothermal development Put in place a geothermal strategy that will streamline the Policy, Institutional and Regulatory frameworks for geothermal energy development. Training Equipment Training Ugandans in geothermal exploration methods, attachments to successful geothermal projects in the region, and study tours Geophysical equipment: MT (3 stations) and software. TEM spare parts and software. Laboratory equipment: Portable Mass Spectrophotometer (MS) Contingency (10%). Total
2. Feasibility study Estimated budget break down for a selected prospect Activity Description Cost in Million USD Environmental Impact Assessment Exploratory drilling and testing Capacity building Pilot power plant Contingency (10%). Total Carryout Environmental Impact Assessment for drilling in a selected prospect. Drilling of 3 wells of 2,000 m depth at approximately 5.3 Million US$/well. Reservoir testing. Training of Ugandans in resource testing, project design, operation and financing. Pilot power plant of 5 MW
PRIVATE PARTNERS 1. Licensed areas (i) Part of the Katwe area was licensed in 2010 to COZUMEL ENERGY LTD. to carry out a prefeasibility study and a feasibility study. Duration 3 years. (ii) Buranga area licensed in 2011 to GIDS CONSULT LIMITED to carry out a prefeasibility study. Duration 3 years.
Conclusions There is is potential for geothermal development. Government has commitment to develop geothermal energy resources. PPP and IPP may be the way to go. Subsurface temperatures in the range of 100-220 C suitable for power generation and use in industry and agriculture. Need to finalize surface studies in four areas Katwe, Buranga, Kibiro and Panyimur and select suitable areas for the feasibility study and install the first Power Plant. Need for the Geothermal Development Strategy: Policy, Institutional and Regulatory frameworks for geothermal energy development. Implementation of this plan requires about 40MUSD
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