Biogas Industry in Europe An EU Overview and Country Reviews BIOSURF Final Conference; Brussels 24 th of November 2017 Jan Stambasky, EBA
European Biomethane Industry Including Anaerobic digestion fo o ed by biogas upgradi g Including Gasificatio of re e ab e orga ic matter fo o ed by sy gas co versio to biometha e Including other technologies produci g metha e fue from bioge ic carbo or uti izi g bio ogica path ays (Power-to- Gas)
European Biomethane Industry Anaerobic digestion Gasification Power-to-Gas
Biogas & Biomethane can do A lot!
Overview of the European Biogas Industry
Domestic, Decentralised, Secure
There is More to Come * (data from previous year)
Biogas in Combined Heat & Power 8.3 GW Installed electrical capacity No data from DK, FI, LU, SE 63.6 TWh 32.2 TWh Generated electricity Generated heat No data from: BG, IE, PT, RS, SK, ES, CH, UK
Biomethane Production Follows
Biomethane Boom in Europe
Biomethane Production in Europe in 2014 Anaerobic Digestion only 200 000 Nm 3 /h Biomethane upgrading capacity ~1.8 Bn m 3 426 Approx. biomethane production Number of biomethane plants in Europe; 70% of them inject gas into grid 10% Approx. use of biomethane in transport
Biogas & Biomethane Forecast 100 bcm of biomethane feasible by 2050 No principal crops New future energy scenarios
Gas Future: 2 nd Transition is Coming
Biomethane in Transportation
Biomethane Cuts CO 2 Emissions
Liquefied Biomethane Offers Most CNG LNG Targeti g arge co sumptio app icatio s Sharing infrastructure (shale LNG imports) Rep aci g diese a d fue oi (bu ker fue ) Bunker fuel - up to 3.5% Sulphur (2012, open ocean)
BIOSURF Country Reviews
Austria (Franz Kirchmeyr, Austrian Compost & Biogas Association)
Biogas & Biomethane in Austria CHP ~ 290 plants producing electricity and heat ~ 550 GWh el. + 300 GWh th. Biomethane production 14 plants have installed an upgrading system and connection to the gas grid ~ 2500 m³ installed capacity ~ 15 Mio Nm³ biomethane One new plant is running to treat spent grain and produce steam and heat
Share of Currently Used Feed Stock
Post feed in tariff for existing plants - June 2017 ~ 2/3 of existing plants may receive post feed in tariff at first stage for 3 additional years then further negotiations are needed preconditions Remote control avoiding grid overcapacity Energy efficiency: > 60 % (electricity and heat) Feedstock: max. 60 % corn and cereals (mass balance) Selection of most efficient plants Via energy efficiency (from 2016) + Full load hours (average: 2010-2016) Government wants to keep only most efficient plants in operation which are willing to reduce corn and cereals as main feedstock
Austrian Gas Sector Wants Biomethane Natural Gas sector of Austria recently launched the will to use 2 billion m³ biomethene theoretical potential of biomethane in Austria [m³ CH 4 ] straw and other agricultural residues 320 manure 170 organic waste from industry 270 garden waste 100 organic waste from households 550 sewage sludge 90 Power to Gas 500 sum 2.000 Currently gas demand: ~ 8 billion m³ Size of plants should be around 1000 m³ biomethane Most of biomethane should be used for heating
Developed Energy Grids: Power & Gas Grid 2050 climate and energy targets without involving the gas grid would cause is a great mistake
Biomethane = winwin situation for the gas grid
Current situation - Challenges Change in used feedstock with a big potential from non food/feed sources We expect a further technology jump of the technique Current energy situation is not a driver for further development Good cooperation between biogas and natural gas stake holders Further agreements achieving launched goal are needed Commitment for different applications
France (Marie Verney, Club Biogaz ATEE)
32 Injection Sites in April 2017
Biomethane Production 01/12/2013-31/03/2017
Biomethane Production 2015-2017 PRODUCTION 215 GWh in 2016 compared to 83 GWh in 2015 NUMBER OF UNITS 50 units should be operational end of 2017 compared to 26 units end of 2016, and 32 units in April 2017
252 Projects Queuing for Grid Connection (of April 2017)
The Capacity Queueing for the Grid Injection (GWh / year, figures of April 2017)
Germany (Frank Hofmann, German Biogas Association)
Present Situation Biogas Currently above 9,000 biogas plants in operation with a installed capacity of above 4,000 MWel About 150 new biogas plants in 2015: mainly small manure based plants (max. 75 kwel and more than 80% manure in the input) 42,000 Jobs in 2016 CO 2 reduction 19 Mt (electricity), above 20 Mt (manure treatment)
Biogas Plants in Germany
Present Situation Biomethane After a booming biomethane market until 2013 the market growth for biomethane has slowed down 197 biomethane plants in operation In 2016, 10 new biomethane plants In 2017 (until June) 4 new biomethane plants 2016: 201,865 m³/h raw biogas treated Capacity 2016 created plants: Range from 200 Nm³/h 1.400 Nm³/h 2016: 9 new created plants based on Energy crops, 1 biological methanisation
Development Biomethane Plants Development of new installed biomethane production plants since 2006 32 35 29 23 17 19 15 2 3 7 10 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figures on Biomethane 940 Mm³ biomethane, 9.4 TWh hi injected, Biomethane is used for 8 TWh = 85.1% CHP 0.4 TWh hi = 4.3% vehicle fuel 0.3 TWh hi = 3.2% thermal use (heat for about 2.6 Million households) 0.7 TWh hi = 7.4% other uses (raw material, export, ) About 120 biogas filling stations in operation; additional about 170 filling stations offer a blend of biomethane and natural gas
Barriers CHP sector Heat market Fuel sector International Trade No sufficient compensation from the Renewable Energy Sources Act Heating applications are hardly supported (obligation to use in CHP due to higher CO2- reduction), except in the state of Baden- Württemberg Stagnating CNG vehicles sales New CO 2 -Quota bears many risks and uncertainties Confusing price signs at fueling stations Cautious industry Prohibitive national legislations Lack of EU-wide mass balance system
Drivers Export Growing interest in German in biomethane upgrading technology (not only in the European market, but also in countries like Brazil and India) Taxation Tax exception on biomethane Fuel sector Biomethane in transportation sector as new opportunity
Future Development There is still a significant potential for development (e.g. organic household waste, manure ) The future role of biogas/biomethane in the electricity sector will be to provide flexibility to the system (balance fluctuation from wind and solar energy) The transportation sector has huge potential for biomethane. More renewables in transport sector are needed and electrification is limited. Political support needed! Bio LNG? Chances and possible development Independency of foreign gaseous sources might become a more important issue for the EU
Italy (Lorenzo Maggioni, R&D Consorzio Italiano Biogas e Gassificazione)
STATE OF THE ART - Biogas in Italy 2 nd European market after Germany > 4 Billion invested in the last 6 years > 1.700 biogas plants built (agriculture + sewage + waste + industrial). > 1.300 MW el About 3 billion Nm 3 Biomethane equivalent utilized per year 12.000 qualified green jobs created thanks to biogas
STATE OF THE ART - Biogas in Italy 7 existent biomethane plants Size: 50 100 m 3 biomethane /h Not connected to the natural gas grids. Demonstrative projects 20 new plants already authorized; size: 250 2.000 m 3 biomethane /h 1 plant 3.750 m 3 biomethane /h. June 30: 1 st injection into the natural gas grid. 10 projects for LBM Feedstock: actually > Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Waste
Decree 05 December 2013 Agriculture Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Waste DIFFERENT SCENARIOS DEPENDING ON FINAL USE OF BIOMETHANE 1) Biomethane injected into the natural gas grids CURRENT AND COMING REGULATIONS Summer 2017 The same + methanation Better chance for LBM than in the old decree NOW WE HAVE ALL THE TECHNICAL RULES NEEDED FOR BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION 1) Biomethane injected into the natural gas grids 2) Biomethane used in high efficiency cogeneration plants 3) Biomethane used in transport sector 2) Biomethane used in high efficiency cogeneration plants 3) Biomethane used in transport sector More interesting subsidies if you produce advanced biomethane
Advanced Biofuels = BIOGASDONERIGHT
Biomethane Future Developments Doubling NG service stations to 2000; Doubling current consumption of CNG (for transport sector) up to 2 Billion Nm 3 by 2020 (using preferably LNG) ; Increasing biomethane consumption up to 25% of the total consumption, about 0,5 Billion Nm 3 /year (bio-cng or bio-lng)
Hungary (Kornél L. Kovács, Hungarian Biogas Association)
Revision of RES Calculation After revision Before revision Planned RED Planned RED-HU Target value 2009/28 Directive: 13% by 2020 for HU in total energy, 10% in transportation. RED-HU: 14.65% Renewable energy consumption did not change!
Renewable Electricity Structure Biogas contribution (about 10%) did not change since 2011 Geothermal Biogas Biomass Wind Solar Hydro
Heating and Cooling Extremely low heat utilization in biogas! Geothermal Solar Biomass Biogas Heat pumps Others
Problems to be Solved Limited political support Lack of biomethane support Biomethane in transport and trade Non-competitive biogas technologies Substrates Biomethane vs. electricity
Renewable Energy Support Scheme >1 MW capacity = Competitive tender on best price basis <1 MW capacity = Green electricitiy subsidy can be applied for as in KÁT <0.5 MW capacity = Obligatory subsidy as in KÁT New installations: <1 MW: subsidy contract for 25 years >1 MW: if application is successful, contract for 20 years Grid feed-in plan with punishments! as in KÁT
Research Developments: Poultry Manure Water extraction pretreatment Raw CM soaking centrifugation AD as monosubstrate Co-digestion with maize silage or corn stover solid fraction Contaminated water Continuous cofermentation Treated CM
United Kingdom (Gaynor Hartnell, Renewable Energy Association)
UK Biogas & Biomethane Projects 2017 Find maps on www.r-e-a.net/resources Around 80 BM projects in operation in the UK, with the capacity to produce over 3TWh of renewable gas OPERATIONAL Farm Waste Operational power projects 277 124 Capacity 160 203 Operational BtG 77 Electrical capacity 71.7 Gas capacity 45k nm 3 PLANNED Power projects number 309 111 Capacity 160 166 BtG 43 Electrical capacity 29.5 Gas capacity 22k nm 3
Barriers - UK Lack of progress on RHI tariff reset Concern over utilisation of digestate (ammonia and methane emissions) Capacity constraints re the connection of biomethane injection projects Availability of feedstocks Planning permission Lack of clarity on how to use RHI and RTFO in combination, with no double counting
Drivers - UK Gas grid decarbonisation (the Climate Change Act) Renewable energy targets RTFO (and forthcoming changes especially WRT development fuels) Appetite for gas-fired HGVs (a number of recent reports published) The support of National Grid Improving air quality
Perspectives of development - UK Increasing the productivity of the existing fleet RHI attractive, but implementation of recent changes stalled RTFO attractive for biosng (hopefully implemented by 15 th April 2018) Feedstock restrictions and uncertainties RTFO uncertainty on status of CH 4 produced from reaction of waste CO 2 (e.g. from BtG projects) and H 2 produced from renewable electricity Changes to Green Gas Certification Scheme
The Future - UK Government preference of biomethane injection above power generation Government s concern over cost of supporting biomethane injection Industry s concern over the lack of a support mechanism for heat beyond 2021 Increasing concern on environmental impact of AD (digestate use and fugitive CH 4 emissions) Increasing interest in bio-based products, and role AD can play in chemical feedstock production Certification and cross-border trade
Thank You All Jan Stambasky President stambasky@european-biogas.eu European Biogas Association Renewable Energy House Rue d'arlon 63-65 B - 1040 Brussels +32 24.00.10 89 info@european-biogas.eu www.european-biogas.eu