Accessible Parking. Scoping and Technical Requirements

Accessible Parking Scoping and Technical Requirements

Pacific ADA Center Toll Free: 1-800-949-4232 (V/TTY) www.adapacific.org adatech@adapacific.org 2017 Pacific ADA Center 2

General Overview Design and construction of new parking facilities under the 2 broadest reaching federal civil rights laws that ensure the built environment is accessible to and useable by individuals with disabilities These are the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Fair Housing Act (FHA) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 3

Broad Overview ADA prohibits discrimination in employment and places open to the public FHA prohibits discrimination in housing situations Both have implications for accessible parking Applicable standards dictate when, where, and how accessible parking spaces are to be provided There are many similarities and some distinct differences that will be addressed throughout Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 4

Broad Overview ADA Places open to the public Says the design and construction of government buildings and commercial facilities are to meet minimum standards to ensure access FHA Residential Housing Says the design and construction of covered multi family dwellings are to meet minim standards Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 5

General Overview State and local laws can create additional requirements This is true under the California Building Code (CBC) The accessibility provisions are found primarily in chapter 11 of the CBC Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 7

General Overview The design of accessible parking spaces conforming to the CBC will keep you in compliance with the design required under Federal laws Chapter 11 is broken into 11A and 11B 11A contains the requirements for the design and construction of residential buildings (apartments and condos) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 8

General Overview: FHA/11A If covered by FHA, compliance with 11A applies Covered Multi Family Building FHA Apartments and condominium buildings with 4 or more units CBC apartment buildings with 3 or more dwelling units and condominium buildings with 4 or more units Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 9

General Overview: ADA/11B ADA/11B contain the requirements for construction and alteration of public buildings and commercial facilities If it is required to conform to the ADA design, requirements, chapter 11B applies The ADA Standards for Accessible Design (ADAS) are broken into 10 chapters Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 10

General Overview: ADA/11B Chapter 1 contains application and administrative information Chapter 2 contains the scoping requirements (the what & how many) Chapters 3-10 outline the technical requirements (the how) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 11

CBC Overview CBC is updated every 3 years We are now under the 2016 code Chapter 11A is overseen by Housing and Community Development (HCD) Chapter 11B is overseen by Division of the State Architect (DSA) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 12

CBC Overview In 2013, the California Building Standards Commission (CBSC) adopted ADAS to be its model code for accessibility requirements under chapter 11B It ensures that the construction and alteration of public buildings and facilities are accessible to people with disabilities 11A is organized differently Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 13

CBC Overview For the most part, 11B uses the same numbering convention found in the ADAS These numbers are prefixed with 11B-xx The scoping section for parking in ADAS is found in section 208, and the technical requirements are found in 502 Hence, under 11B of CBC these sections are numbered 11B-208 and 11B-502, respectively Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 14

Things To Remember Federal law sets the minimum standard of access State/local laws can increase access; not reduce it As we move forward through the presentation, the following identification scheme is intended to keep these laws straight: If a requirement is the same under both federal and state law, federal law will be called out Where state law adds, changes, or alters a provision, the applicable state reference will be provided Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 15

Questions?

Commercial & Public Parking Spaces: Scoping

Application: A Word on Definitions When beginning a review of requirements it is useful (and sometimes necessary) to refer to the definition section Defining words can help to eliminate some confusion Properly used terms will result in a better description of a site or facilities level of access Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 18

Application: A Word on Definitions For example, a lot of confusion can be eliminated by properly distinguishing between an access aisle vs an accessible path of travel ACCESS AISLE - space adjacent to or between parking spaces that provides clearances in compliance with this code. PATH OF TRAVEL - An identifiable accessible route within an existing site, building or facility by means of which a particular area may be approached, entered and exited Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 19

Application: A Word on Definitions Some other defined terms relevant to parking FACILITY -All or any portion of buildings, structures, site improvements, elements, and pedestrian routes or vehicular ways located on a site CURB RAMP - A sloping pedestrian way, intended for pedestrian traffic, which provides access between a walk or sidewalk and a surface located above or below an adjacent curb face DETECTABLE WARNING - A standardized surface feature built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn of hazards on a circulation path Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 20

Application: A Word on Definitions MARKED CROSSING - A crosswalk or other identified path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way CIRCULATION PATH - An exterior or interior way of passage provided for pedestrian travel, including but not limited to, walks, hallways, courtyards, elevators, platform lifts, ramps, stairways and landings. CROSS SLOPE - The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of travel. RUNNING SLOPE - The slope that is parallel to the direction of travel. Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 21

208.1 Exception: Fleet Vehicles ADA Access not required in lots used exclusively for buses trucks delivery vehicles law enforcement vehicles vehicular impound If lot can be accessed by the public, a passenger loading zone must be provided CBC Access not required in lots used exclusively for buses trucks delivery vehicles law enforcement vehicles vehicular impound If lot can be accessed by the public, a passenger loading zone must be provided Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 23

Side Note The CA Green Building Code requires the installation of electrical vehicle charging stations (EVCS) ADA/California Disabled Persons Act say if you provide a good or service, that good or service must be accessible 11B details how to make EVCS accessible There is confusion that these are parking spaces (as stated in Calgreen code table 5.106.5.2 - Designated Parking for Clean Air Vehicles) However, they are not considered parking spaces as defined under chapter 11B-208.1 of the CBC Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 24

Scoping: Accessible Spaces @ EVCS (11B-208) In 11B-208.1, CBC says: For the purposes of this section, electric vehicle charging stations are not parking spaces To further distinguish this, the access aisle at the EVCS is to be outlined with a contrasting color other than the blue required for a parking space access aisle Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 25

Scoping: Minimum Number Minimum Number (see table 208.2) Total Number of Parking Spaces Provided in Parking Facility Minimum Number of Required Accessible Parking Spaces 1 to 25 1 26 to 50 2 51 to 75 3 76 to 100 4 101 to 150 5 151 to 200 6 201 to 300 7 301 to 400 8 401 to 500 9 501 to 1000 2 % 1001 and over 20, plus 1 for each 10 over 1000 Note: Van Parking Spaces 1 out of every 6 (or fraction of 1) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 26

A Word on Parking Facilities The number of parking spaces required to be accessible is to be calculated separately for each parking facility The required number is not to be based on the total number of parking spaces provided in all of the parking facilities on the site Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 27

U.S. Access Board Guidance Parking facilities are to be treated separately for scoping purposes if they are: structurally different (e.g., surface lot versus parking garage or deck); dedicated to, and separately serve, different facilities on a site; segmented and separated by guard rails, fencing, or barriers, particularly where they serve different users; or separated by streets or roadways (as opposed to drive aisles on a site) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 28

Fox Hills Mall Exercise Facility A has 302 total spaces Facility B has 302 total spaces Total spaces on site = 604 Questions: 29

Fox Hills Mall Exercise Facility A has 302 total spaces Facility B has 302 total spaces Total spaces on site = 604 How many total accessible spaces are required? 16-8 per facility How many total van spaces? 4-2 per facility 31

Sun Valley Mall Exercise Facility A has 302 total spaces Facility B has 302 total spaces Total spaces on site = 604 32

Facility A has 302 total spaces Facility B has 302 total spaces Total spaces on site = 604 How many total accessible spaces are required? 16-8 per facility 34 How many total van spaces? 4-2 per facility

Scoping: Minimum Number Hospital outpatient facilities 10% of patient and visitor spaces to be accessible (208.2.1) Rehabilitation and physical therapy facilities 20% of visitor and patient spaces to be accessible (208.2.2) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 35

Scoping: Location Exceptions- Multi-story parking facilities - van spaces can be grouped on one level Parking spaces can be located in different parking facilities if equal or greater access is provided (in terms of distance from an accessible entrance, parking fee, and user convenience) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 38

Scoping: Parking Space Signage Both ADA and CBC say parking signage is required and refer you to the technical specifications in chapter 5 ADA has fewer signage requirements than in CBC (this will be addressed shortly) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 39

Scoping: Signs (ADAS 216.5) Says that the required accessible spaces are to be identified by the requirements in 502.6 (stall space sign) ADA exception: where 4 or fewer spaces are provided on a site, identification is not required NOTE: Not applicable under CBC (11B-216.5) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 40

Scoping: Signs CBC has an additional sign requirement (11B-216.5.2) This 502.8 sign is to be either Posted conspicuously at each entrance to a parking facility; or immediately adjacent to and visible from each parking space Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 41

Questions?

ADA 502.1 Width The width of parking spaces and access aisles shall be measured from the centerline of the markings or Where spaces or access aisles are not adjacent to another parking space or access aisle, measurements can include the full width of the line Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 45

Technical: Access Aisle 502.3 An accessible space is to be adjoined by an access aisle (aa) Access aisle shall adjoin an accessible route Minimum width is 60 Can be increased to 96 at van spaces (an increase reduces stall width by 3 feet) Aisle and spaces are to be level in all directions (1:48=2.08%) extending full length of space Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 47

Technical: Access Aisle Additional CBC Requirements (11B-502.3) Two parking spaces can share a common access aisle ADA says angled van spaces need aisle on passenger side CBC says all van spaces (angled or not) are to have the access aisle on the passenger side ADA says aisle is to be marked so as to discourage parking in them CBC regulates these markings and says Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 48

CBC Technical: Access Aisle a blue borderline around its perimeter marked with contrasting hatched lines 36 inches on center (max) (preferably blue or white) "NO PARKING" shall be painted on the surface 12 inches minimum in white letters Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 49

Technical: Floor or Ground Surfaces (502.4) Parking spaces and access aisles serving them shall comply with ADAS Section 302 302 says floor and ground surfaces shall be stable, firm, and slip resistant Changes in level are not permitted Access aisles shall be at the same level as the parking spaces they serve (except for sloping up to 1:48 for water runoff) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 50

Technical: Vertical Clearance (ADA & CBC, 502.5) The stall, access aisle, and vehicular routes serving them are all to have a minimum vertical clearance of 98 inches or 8 feet 2 inches Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 51

Technical: Signage Requirements of the Space (ADA & CBC, 502.6) This is the sign at the head of the stall or space Space identification signs shall include the International Symbol of Accessibility (ISA) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 52

Technical: Signage Requirements of the Space (ADA & CBC, 502.6) Van parking spaces shall be designated as van accessible Signs shall be 60 inches minimum above the floor or ground CBC 11B-502.6 If in circulation path, 80 minimum Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 53

Technical: Additional Space Signage (CBC only, 11B-502.6) Reflectorized with a minimum area of 70 square inches Minimum Fine $250 Visible from each parking space. Permanently posted either immediately adjacent to the parking space; or within space width at the head end of the stall Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 54

Technical: Additional Space Signage & Identification (CBC only 11B-502.6) 2 Options for surface identification of the parking space A 36 X 36 ISA in white on a blue background or Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 55

Technical: Additional Space Signage & Identification (CBC only 11B-502.6) Space to be either outlined or painted blue with a 36 x 36 ISA in white or a suitable contrasting color. In either case, the centerline of ISA is to be parallel to the space No more than 6 from center Lower corner aligned with the end of the space Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 56

Technical: Relationship to Accessible Routes (502.7) Spaces and access aisles shall be designed so that cars and vans, when parked, cannot obstruct the required clear width of adjacent accessible routes DOJ advisories: Wheel stops are an effective way to prevent encroachment; It is preferable that the accessible route not pass behind parked vehicles Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 57

Technical: Additional Considerations (11B-502.7) Install wheel stop if necessary to prevent encroachment into path of travel Accessible parking spaces are to be configured to prevent passing behind other parked cars Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 58

Technical: Additional Signage (CBC 11B-502.8) 502.8 sign At least 17 X 22 inches In 1 (min) lettering saying: "Unauthorized vehicles parked in designated accessible spaces not displaying distinguishing placards or special license plates issued for persons with disabilities will be towed away at the owner s expense. Towed vehicles may be reclaimed at: or by telephoning." Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 59

Questions?

Medical Care and Long Term Care Facilities At least one drop off zone is to connect to an accessible entrance to licensed medical care & longterm care facilities where the period of stay exceeds twenty-four hours*. * CBC 11B-209.3 language: where the period of stay may exceed 24 hours. Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 63

Medical Care and Long Term Care Facilities (California-specific requirement) Drop off/ loading zone is to have weather protection (canopy or roof overhang) leading to an accessible entrance (11B-206.4) 64

Technical: Passenger loading zones Pull-up space 96 inches wide minimum 20 feet long minimum 114 inch vertical clearance 5 foot access aisle With an identified border 70

Technical: Passenger drop-off and loading zones Hatched lines a maximum of 36 inches on center in a color contrasting with the aisle surface Access aisles shall adjoin an accessible route and are not to overlap the vehicular way 71

Note About On Street Parking Currently, ADAS does not have scoping or technical design standards for on street parking In 2014, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals heard a case on the issue Question before the court: does the ADA require accessible on street parking in the absence of regulatory design? We hold that it does. Robin Fortyune v. City of Lomita Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 72

Questions?

Residential Facilities FHA, CBC Chapter 11A

Fair Housing Act (FHA) & CBC 11A on Accessible Housing Design FHA Civil rights law 7 design requirements Covered Multi-Family Housing Implemented with options or Safe Harbors CBC, 11A Building code Specific scoping & technical requirements Covered Multi-Family Housing Parking requirements in 11A are more stringent than FHA Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 75

Chapter 11A: Scoping Requirements Applies to the design and construction of Covered Multi Family Housing built for first occupancy on or after March 13, 1991 Condos and Apartment buildings FHA Apartments and condominium buildings with 4 or more units CBC apartment buildings with 3 or more dwelling units and condominium buildings with 4 or more units Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 76

11A: Parking Facilities 11A says if any parking is provided, accessible spaces are required and refers you to 1109A Compliant spaces are required at every lot serving accessible units Including facilities serving common use areas (club house, pool, laundry rooms) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 77

11A: Parking Facilities In no case, may you provide less than 2% per facility Accessible spaces are to be on the shortest accessible route Provide marked crossings at hazardous vehicular ways Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 78

1109A Parking Facilities Where stalls are assigned: 2% of the covered units are to be accessible 2% of all facilities (carports, garages, lots) even if 2% is exceeded overall Signage not required if space is assigned Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 79

1109A Parking Facilities Unassigned stalls 5% of total spaces Full signage required Van to car ratio 1 out of every 8 (or fraction thereof) Vertical clearance 98 entrances, exits and vehicular passageways Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 80

Technical Requirements 11A Except for a few variations, the design requirements for accessible spaces are consistent between 11A and 11B, applying to: The extra foot for the width of the stall The minimum length of 18 feet The surface markings The 502.8 sign Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 81

11A and 11B Configuration Differences Scoping requirements (11A = 2% -5% or 11B = table 208.2 (or 10-20% in medical care facilities) Van count (11A = 1 out of 8 rather than 11B/ADA = 1 of 6) Assigned spaces in residential lots don t need signage The requirement for the Minimum $250 sign Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 82

Questions?

FHA/ADA Joint Coverage FHA residential housing + ADA places open to the public Leasing offices public accommodation Housing at a place of education public accommodation Public housing -residential Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 85

ADA: Scoping Parking At Residential Facilities Places of education transient lodging public accommodation Applies to dormitories, suites, apartments, or other places of residence at elementary, secondary, undergraduate, or postgraduate schools Public housing Owned/operated by a state or local government Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 87

ADA/FHA: Minimum Number of Required Spaces ADAS 208.2.3 Places of education, if private, are considered transient lodging and are to comply with 11B-208 If public it is considered public housing (CBC chapter 2) Public housing (minimum number of covered units is dictated by CBC 11B-233) Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 88

Parking for Residents (ADA 208.2.3) Parking spaces provided to serve residential facilities shall comply with Section 208.2.3 Where parking is provided for all units, provide one accessible space for each covered unit (1:1 rather than 2%) If covered units have additional spaces, 2% of additional spaces are to be accessible Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 89

Parking for Residents and Guests (ADA 208.2.3) 11B-208.2.3.1 adds where one space is provided for each residential dwelling unit, must provide at least one space for each residential dwelling unit required to provide mobility features Where parking spaces are provided for persons other than residents, parking shall be provided in accordance with Table 208.2 Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 90

Parking for Guests, Employees, and Other Non-Residents (208.2.3.3) NOTE: Both FHA and ADA have provisions that may require the provision of additional spaces on an as needed basis FHA says housing providers to consider requests for reasonable accommodations ADA says reasonable accommodations/modifications Employees Program participants Copyright 2017 Pacific ADA Center 91

Questions?

Thank You! Please complete your evaluations 2017 Pacific ADA Center 93