Non-electric Applications of Nuclear Energy Ibrahim Khamis Department Nuclear Energy, Division Nuclear power International Atomic Energy Agency
Contents Project on Non-Electric Applications Introduction to Non electric applications Cogeneration Summary of deliverables & activities on non-electric applications
Project on Non-Electric Applications Support for Non-electrical Applications of Nuclear Power Support for demonstration of nuclear seawater desalination Nuclear hydrogen production Industrial applications of nuclear power Website: http://www.iaea.org/nuclearpower/nea/
Objectives of Project on Non-Electric Applications To increase the capability of MS interested in deploying nuclear demonstration projects, to perform economic evaluations of integrated systems, and to establish experience on such applications. To enhance information exchange, cooperative assessments and collaborative research among Member States interested in non-electric applications. Outcome: Provide MSs with information, compiled by the Agency, on such applications such as nuclear desalination and on means of safely and economically coupling the production systems with nuclear reactors
Subprogramme on Non-Electric Applications 1.1.6 Support for Nonelectrical Applications of Nuclear Power I. Khamis + Support to Near-Term Deployment Website: http://www.iaea.org/nuclearpower/nea/
tools for Nuclear Desalination DEEP Identification of cost options for desalted water and/or power DE-TOP Identification of coupling configurations and analysis of heat extraction and power production Toolkit Contains hyperlinks to sources on nuclear desalination.
Additional tools for Non-Electric Applications WAMP Identification of water needs in NPPs, and comparative assessment of various cooling systems) HEEP Identification of cost options for hydrogen production, distribution and storage Toolkit Contains hyperlinks to sources on nuclear hydrogen production
Why Non-Electric Applications? Single Non-electric electricity Applications production (Nuclear power plant efficiency 33%) >70% FUEL ELECTRICITY Electricity + Heat efficiency efficiency = = Electricity Fuel Fuel
Potential for Non-electric Applications Electricity 30% Transportation 20% Heat 50% Nuclear could make bigger impact by penetrating heat and transportation sectors
Non-electric applications of nuclear energy Proven technology: with 79 operative reactors and 750 reactor-years experience Energy efficient Cost effective: Competitive price of heat compared to fossil Safe operation: Inherent safety measures Environmentally friendly: Zero CO 2 and Less thermal pollution
Count No. of Reactors Experience with Non-Electric Applications 35 35 30 30 25 25 PWR Process Heating PHWR Process + District Heating LWGR District Heating FBR Desalination 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 IN JP PK BG CH CZ HU RO RU SK UA CH IN RU SK RU UA JP IN CH HU SK BG CZ RO PK Desalination District Heating Process Heating
Cogeneration Nuclear Reactor 2 4 Electricity Hydrogen production Desalination District Heating 6 Hot water Cooling/Air-conditioning 12
Main Advantages of Cogeneration for Nonelectric Applications Harnessing waste heat from NPPs Better economics: Due to the cogeneration itself Use of shared resources Use of off-peak power Mutual benefits: (electricity vs. high quality of water) Improvement of overall thermal efficiency
Harnessing waste heat Case of PBMR for desalination Waste heat: Heat extracted from NPP with no penalty to the power production Using reject heat from the pre-cooler and intercooler of PBMR = 220 MWth at 70 C + MED desalination technology Desalinated water 15 000 30 000 m3/day Cover the needs of 55 000 600 000 people Waste heat can also be recovered from PWR and CANDU type reactors to preheat RO seawater desalination
HTGR for Hydrogen production H2 production: 60 Mton/yr worldwide (9 Mton/yr in US) Ammonia production Extraction/Upgrading of Oil Sands and heavy crude Synthetic fuels (methanol, synthetic diesel / gasoline) For transportation: 28% of US energy is used for transportation Essential for overall CO 2 reduction Projected Outputs from a 600 MWth HTGR
Hydrogen production during off-peak power Conventional Electrolysis (> 1000 kg/day) Dedicated nuclear HT Steam Electrolysis plant Off-peak grid electricity ($0.05/kW hr), HTSE Large-scale Steam Methane Reforming $/kg 4.15 $3.23 $2.50 $1.5 3.5 directly dependent on the cost of natural gas, no carbon tax 16
HTGR For Oil Sand Production INL Case Study: 3000 MW HTGR Facility - Supports recovery of 150,000 barrels/day (SAGD) - Provides the energy (electricity and hydrogen ) needs for upgrading to produce 145,000 bpd of premium synthetic crude - Reduces natural gas consumption by 205 MSCFD - Reduces CO2 emissions by 13 kton/day ~15% increase in hydrogen yield for nuclear-assisted case
HTGR For oil shale and ammonia production
Cogeneration for better economics 10% of 1000 MWe PWR for desalination To produce 130 000 m3/day of desalinated water using 1000 MWe PWR Total revenue (Cogeneration 90% electricity +10% water): Standalone MED RO Electricity 7166 M$ 6771 M$ 7062 M$ Water 0 888 M$ 672 M$ Total 7166 M$ 7660 M$ 7700 M$ +7% +7.5% Using MED: Easier maintenance & pretreatment Industrial quality water Using RO : Increased availability No lost power as in MED Using waste heat to preheat feedwater by 15 o C increases water production by ~13%
Cogeneration with small desalination plants Nuclear PP 1000 MWe ~ 3% of total steam flow 125 MW(th) MED - TVC GOR=10 150 ºC Steam extracted at 150 ºC after it has produced 55% of its electricity potential. 50,000 m 3 /d 3% x 45%= 1.35% more steam needed in order to compensate the power lost Cheap nuclear desalination ~15% of total electricity costs Source : Rognoni et al., IJND 2011
Nuclear Desalination: for potable and quality industrial water Aktau, Kazakhstan Reactors: 13 Countries with experience: 4 Total reactor-years: ~ 250 Ohi, Japan Karachi, Pakistan Demonstration Projects India The 6,300 m3/d MSF-RO Hybrid Nuclear Desalination Plant at Kalpakkam, India, consists of 4,500 m3/d MSF plant and 1,800 m3/d SWRO plant, Pakistan MED thermal desalination demonstration plant of capacity up to 4,800 m3/d at KANUPP Korea Constructing a one-fifth scale SMART-P with a MED desalination unit in parallel with the SMART nuclear desalination project
Improvement of efficiency: District Heating (France) 34% 72% Losses Losses Potential heat recovery Net Electricity Net Electricity Specifications Reactor electric capacity 2600 MWe Reactor thermal capacity 8125 MWth Reference efficiency 32% Heat distributed 3000 MWth Supply/Return Temperature 112/60 C Delivery distance 150 km Operation time in cogeneration mode 1/3 of the year Results for district heating Revenues from heat prodution Operational costs Total gain Annual 537 M 186 M 350 M EURO NPP Cogeneration NPP Stand alone 0 50 100 150 200 Water Withdrawal (tn/s) NPP Cogeneration NPP Stand alone 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Revenues (M $/yr) NPP Cogeneration Fossil fuel Cogeneration 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Life cycle CO2eq (tn/yr)
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Tools Papers Forums CRPs TECDOCs Summary of Activities 2009-2013 CRP Advances in Nuclear Power Process Heat Applications DEEP 3.0 DEEP economic review (IJD) ICTP Workshop on Technology & Performance of ND Heat Pipes (DWT) Technology and Economic Assessment of Nuclear Desalination Environmental impact assessment Environmental Impacts (JEM) DEEP 4.0 DE-TOP ND: a viable option for the future based on existing experience (DWT) NEA Workshop in Prague New technologies for Seawater Desalination using Nuclear Energy Advances in nuclear power for process heat applications Toolkit update DEEP update HEEP Trends and Challenges for Efficient Water Management in Nuclear Power Plant (JNED) WAMP DE-TOP Nexus of Nuclear Desalination and Environment Workshop on Efficient Water User and Management in NPPs Cogeneration & Industrial Applications of NE Techno-economics of Nuclear Hydrogen & HEEP Bench. Nuclear hydrogen, Cogeneration & Industrial Applications TWG-ND Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 Workshop on assessment of non-electric applications 1-3 July 2013
Coordinated Research Projects (CRP) Title: Techno-economics of nuclear hydrogen and benchmarking of HEEP Duration: 2012-2015 (Active) Objective:To investigate the techno-economic aspects of hydrogen production using nuclear energy, its transportation and storage costs, and to perform benchmarking analysis of the HEEP software. Meetings: 5-7 Nov 2012 2-4 Dec 2013 Participants: Algeria, Argentina, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Rep. of Korea, USA
Coordinated Research Projects (CRP) Title: Application of advanced low temperature desalination systems to support NPPs Duration: 2014-2016 (new) Objective: Assess advanced desalination technologies to produce necessary quantities of fresh water needed on-site in NPPs Develop recommendations on the application of Advanced Low Temperature Desalination Systems to supply nuclear power plants with water of required quality and quantity Meetings: Participants:
Publications TECDOC-1682, Advances in Nuclear Power Process Heat Applications, 2012 -NP-T-2.6, Efficient Water Management for in Water Cooled Reactors, 2012 Hydrogen Production using Nuclear Energy, under printing TECDOC-1642 on Environmental Impact Assessment, 2010.
Publications Technical papers in multiple scientific journals Etc.
Future Deliverables to Member States on Non-electric Applications Documents and technical reports OPPORTUNITIES FOR COGENERATION WITH NUCLEAR ENERGY (under preparation) INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY (under preparation) CRPs, Info-exchange meetings, Training Improved and updated versions of tools (DEEP, DE-TOP, HEEP, WAMP, and toolkits)
Deliverables to Member States on Non-electric Applications DEEP for economics of desalination DE-TOP for thermodynamic analysis HEEP for Hydrogen production Toolkits for Desalination, Hydrogen Documentation and information exchange
Thank you for your attention International Atomic Energy Agency