Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company Saida Laârouchi Engström, Vice President
Whatever our beliefs...
Nuclear power in Sweden Sweden has ten operational nuclear reactors. The nation's largest power stations. Forsmark, Oskarshamn and Ringhals generate about 50 percent of Sweden's annual electricity consumption.
Authorities and legislation The Government Swedish Radiation Safety Authority The Swedish National Council for Nuclear Waste Municipality Environment Court The Planning and Building Act The Swedish Environment Code The Nuclear Activities Act The Radiation Protection Act The Financing Act
Operational systems
Different kind of waste different solutions Operational and decommissioning waste Spent nuclear fuel Low- and intermediate level Long-term
SKB s system Medical care, industry and research Operational waste Final repository for radioactive operational waste m/s Sigyn Encapsulation plant Spent nuclear fuel Central interim storage for spent nuclear fuel (Clab) Final repository for spent nuclear fuel Nuclear power plant
Our method Fuel pellet of uranium dioxide Spent nuclear fuel Copper canister with cast-iron insert Cladding tube BWR fuel assemblies Bedrock Bentonite clay Final repository for spent nuclear fuel
The future final repository Repository depth: 400 700 m Underground facilities: 2 4 km 2 6,000 canisters
Finding a site 1 2 3 45 Östhammar 6 7 8 Oskarshamn Possible feasible bedrock Type areas 1977 1985 Regional studies 1990s Feasibility studies 1993 2002 Site investigations 2002 2008 Building a repository Trial operation 2020
Feasibility studies Malå Storuman Site investigations, ongoing Feasibility studies, completed Nuclear facilities Älvkarleby Tierp Östhammar Nyköping Hultsfred Oskarshamn
Site investigations Aerial geophysical measurements Cultural environment Plant life Geological surveys Drilling Forsmark Animal life Oskarshamn Marine surveys Rainfall Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process Rock sample Measurements: TV-cameras, water flow and borehole radar Graphic art: Mats Jerndahl
Site investigations Focus on: Rock Long-term safety The impact of the operations on the environment Environment Impact on society People
Site selection
Site selection I. SKB will select the site that is judged to provide the best opportunities to achieve the purpose of the project, i.e. the safe long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel II. If ranking according to I) is not decisive, we select the site that from other aspects is judged to be the most favourable for accomplishing the project
Final repository Forsmark or
Final repository Oskarshamn
Applications reviewing decision Applications in 2 steps KTL Nuclear Activities Act The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority Encapsulation plant and Clab (KTL) Final repository (KTL) Final repository, encapsulation plant and Clab (MB) MB Swedish Environment Code Environment Court Conditions 2006 2010 Reviewing Government decision
2045 SFL 3 5 2020 2022 Routine operation Trial operation 1995 1998 2002 2010 Appl. final repository 2009 Site selection 2006 Appl. encapsulation plant Site investigations Canister Laboratory Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory 1988 SFR 1985 Clab 1984 KBS-3 1982 m/s Sigyn 1977 Stripa project 1976 KBS project
Dialogue with stakeholders
Talking to the local people
Talking to the local people
Final repository in own municipality? Opinion 2008 100% 80% 77% 83% Definitely against Against 60% 40% 43% 43% 40% 52% 27% Undecided, not for or against For 20% 0% 34% 7% 16% 6% Östhammar 2008 40% 4% 13% 4% 10% 9% Oskarshamn 2008 31% 9% 8% Sweden 2007 25% Definitely for Source: Synovate