INFORMATION SYSTEMS The e-business Challenge

INFORMATION SYSTEMS The e-business Challenge

IFIP The International Federation for Information Processing IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states, IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people. IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are: The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; open conferences; working conferences. The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high. As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed. The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion. Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers. Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member ofifip, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS The e-business Challenge IFlP 17'h World Computer Congress- TCB Stream on Information Systems: The e-business Challenge August 25-30, 2002, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Edited by Roland Traunmiiller University of Linz Austria.., SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Information Systems: The e-business Challenge Edited by Roland Traunmtiller ISBN 978-1-4757-5493-3 ISBN 978-0-387-35604-4 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-35604-4 Copyright 2002 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC), with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper.

The original version of the book frontmatter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. The Erratum to the book frontmatter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35604-4_20

Contents Preface... ix Programme Conunittee... xi A Language Based Combined Requirements Engineering Approach Joseph Barjis... 1 Support Structure of Knowledge Management in Software Process Improvement Wan Jiangping, Yang Jianmei and Han Huiyuan... 17 IT Failure and the Collapse of One. Tel David A vison and David Wilson... 31 Active Models for Digitally Enabled Creative Business Networks John Krogstie, Havard D. J(llrgensen and Frank Lillehagen... 47 Modeling of e-business Brokerage Systems Using UMLand Petri Net Boris Shishkov and Joseph Barjis... 61 Trust and Virtual Organizations Elisabeth Rossen... 77 Identifying Communities of Practice Kieron O'Hara, Harith Alani and Nigel Shadbolt... 89

Preface Information Systems: The e-business Challenge Indisputable, e-business is shaping the future inspiring a growing range of innovative business models. To bring it to the point: the Internet has redefined the way electronic business is performed. In an electronic supported business all relationships are transformed - may it be a seller-tobuyer relationship or a an agency-to-citizen relationship. So for instance in commerce new business models incorporate various activities: promoting and communicating company and product information to a global user base; accepting orders and payments for goods and services; providing ongoing customer support; getting feedback and spurring collaboration for a new product development. There are several ways of further differentiating e-business such as sketching some diversions on various levels: e-commerce, e-government; B2C, B2B, B2G, G2C; Customer Relationship Management, Business Intelligence and so on. Further distinctions may follow divergent criteria such as separating in business stages. Thus particular problem domains emerge. They all state of its own guiding the development of adequate information systems. Thus, both fields - Information Systems and e-business have become highly interwoven; any innovation in one sector spurs various improvement and advances in other section. In addition, a holistic approach to design becomes mandatory; designing systems and creating organisations converge in a profound change management. Accordingly the volume reflect the state of the art on several issues:

Programme Committee R. TraunmUller, Austria (Chair) R. Baskerville, USA (Vice-Chair) B. Glasson, Australia (Vice-Chair) D. A vison, France K. Bauknecht, Switzerland G. Bracchi, Italy A. Csetenyi, Hungary J. Dietz, The Netherlands S. Elliot, Australia F. Galindo, Spain J.Gricar,Slovenia A. Gronlund, Sweden M. Hanani, Israel H. Kangassalo, Finland O. Kasper, USA M. Klein, France S. Klein, Germany K. Lenk, Germany A. McCosh, UK J.MUhlbacher,Austria E. Neuhold, Germany W.Olle, UK 1. Pries-Heje, USA G. Quirchmayr, Australia H. Reinermann, Germany D. Roode, South Africa P. Swatman, Australia A. M. Tjoa, Austria D. Vogel, P.R. China R. Wagner, Austria G. Widmeyer, USA