Research Grant Application Form Team name: Contact email: Team members: Field of study: Bachelor/Master Advisor name/signature Affiliation Telephone Email: RAIN WATER HARVESTING czar.coolkc@gmail.com RAM HARI KHATRI KC(ME 3 rd yr) NITISH SHRESTHA(ME 3 rd yr) SHIVA SHRESTHA (CIEG 3 rd yr) DHARMA RAJ UPADHAYAYA (CIEG 3 rd yr) ANIL SHRESTHA (ENE 3 rd yr) Engineering Bachelor BIRAJ SINGH THAPA Assistant professor Dean (Name/Signature) Telephone Email:
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING A PROPOSAL ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING IN HIMALAYA LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL PROJECT SUPERVISOR BIRAJ SINGH THAPA (Assistant Professor) GROUP MEMBERS RAM HARI KHATRI KC (ME 3 rd year) NITISH SHRESTHA (ME 3rd year) SHIVA SHRESTHA (CIEG 3 rd year) DHARMA RAJ UPADHYAYA (CIEG 3 rd year) ANIL SHRESTHA (ENE 3 rd year) 2013-04-29
ABSTRACT Rain water harvesting is a very economic and feasible method of collection of rain water which can be used for our day to day work. It is the process of collecting, filtering and storing water from roof tops, paved and unpaved areas for multiple uses. This water is potable after proper purification is done. So in a place where there is lack of water resources this method proves to be fruitful. The location for our project is Himalaya Lower Secondary School, Khanichapp, Palpa. We have selected this school for our community based project as this school lacks proper drinking water facility almost all the time in year. The only available water resource is a well, where a village of 96 family and 160 students of this school are dependent. So they have to travel this far distance to fetch water and even have to stay in queu for hours. School hasnt been able to provide water at all during the period of Chaitra to Jestha as been told by the principle Surya Prasad Aryal. In rain water harvesting we will collect the water from the roof top through a gutter systen into a reservoir tank. Sand filteration will be done as a initial filteration stage. After storing in a tank the water is then pumped and further filteration is done to make the water pure enough for drinking. The excess water can also be used for other several purposes and can even be supplied to the villagers. We hope that this project will benefit the students of that school. i
Contents ABSTRACT... i CHAPTER 1... 1 1.1INTRODUCTION... 1 1.2OBJECTIVES... 1 CHAPTER 2... 2 2.1LOCATION SELECTION... 2 2.2PROBLEM STATEMENT... 2 2.3BENEFIT... 3 2.3.1ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS:... 3 2.3.2ECONOMICAL BENEFITS:... 3 CHAPTER 3... 4 3.1METHODOLOGY... 4 3.1.1Feasibility study:... 4 3.1.2Installation of water drain at the roofs:... 4 3.1.3Collection of water:... 4 3.1.4Installation of water separation mechanism:... 4 3.1.5Purification of water:... 4 3.1.6Evacuation of water for ground water recharge... 5 CHAPTER 4... 6 4.1GANTT CHART... 6 CHAPTER 5... 7 5.1 BUDGET ESTIMATION... 7 CHAPTER 6... 8 6.1EXPECTED OUTCOMES... 8 ii
CHAPTER 1 1.1INTRODUCTION Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting, filtering and storing water from roof tops, paved and unpaved areas for multiple uses. The harvested water can also be used for potable purposes after testing and treatment. Roof rainwater can be of good quality and may not require treatment before consumption. Although some rooftop materials may produce rainwater that is harmful to human health, it can be useful in flushing toilets, washing clothes, watering the garden and washing cars; these uses alone halve the amount of water used by a typical home. And if the water is properly treated then it can be used for cooking and drinking. Rainwater harvesting mechanisms are designed after assessing the site conditions such as incident rainfall, their storage characteristics, infiltration test and by building suitable structures to collect and store rainwater. Rainwater harvesting system provides sources of soft, high quality water, reduces dependence on wells and other sources and, in many contexts, is cost effective. It can range in size from a simple PVC tank to a big and complex industrial system. The rate at which water can be collected from either system is dependent on the plan area of the system, its efficiency, and the intensity of rainfall (i.e. annual precipitation (mm per annum) x square meter of catchment area = liters per annum yield) 1.2OBJECTIVES 1. To collect rainwater 2. To preserve or store the rain water 3. To purify the water and its distribution 1
CHAPTER 2 2.1LOCATION SELECTION HIMALAYA LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL is located only 15 km from the headquarter, Tansen. It has no proper road facility. The whole village and also 160 students of this school depend on a single well. Students have to wake up early in the morning to fetch water. This also hampers their study. Students have told the local departments about their problem but no measures have been taken yet. Similarly the water in that well during the rainy season becomes dirty and turbid. Hence the students are deprived from pure drinking water. Principle of the school Surya Prasad Aryal told that it is very difficult for the school to provide water for the students especially from Chaitra to Jestha. So our project rain water harvesting can be a milestone to eradicate this problem. During normal time we can provide water to drink after the purification and for the time of Chaitra to Jestha we can store water in the tank. The location we selected is in great need for the implementation of this project. 2.2PROBLEM STATEMENT Khanichapp is located 15 km away from head quarter, Tansen. There is no provision of water supply in the village. Moreover there is no adequate source of water and the villagers are compelled to waste their morning period to collect the water from nearby source, on which whole village depend on. HIMALAYA LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL of this village is also facing the same problem. There is no provision of separate water supply system for school. In fact there is no facility of water in school. Water is needed to be carried from same source. Thus there is waste of time and manpower. The main problem is listed below: 1. Deficiency of water source. 2. No provision of water supply in School. 3. Highly turbid of water source during rainy season. 4. Lack of awareness on proper utilization of water source. 5. Lack of awareness on purification of water. Rain water harvesting is perfect solution for supplying water in the school. Though this project would not help to solve problem for whole villagers, but it would motivate villagers to do same in their house to solve their own problem. In rainy season, source get turbid and fetching water is more difficult. Thus rain water collection can be beneficial. Moreover conducting awareness campaign may be fruitful. This would help to increase the awareness level and people would know how rain water can be used for solving their problem. 2
2.3BENEFIT 2.3.1ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS: Prevents groundwater depletion Recharge the ground water Aids ecological conservation 2.3.2ECONOMICAL BENEFITS: Inexpensive and simple system Saves expenditures on water and time to fetch water overcomes the expensive piped water system Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of Rain Water Harvesting [source: wikipedia] 3
CHAPTER 3 3.1METHODOLOGY i. Feasibility study ii. Installation of water drain at the roofs iii. Collection of water iv. Installation of water separation mechanism v. Purification of water vi. Evacuation of water for ground water recharge 3.1.1Feasibility study: At first we will visit the location and see its geographical condition. For doing our project we first have to know about the rain precipitation per year. The annual precipitation of Palpa is 1500mm of which 90% falls during the monsoon. Similarly determining the roof area from where the water is collected will be calculated. By knowing about the rainfall intensity and the roof area, we will be ready to do our project. Similarly the limited resources and manpower can compel us to change the way of doing project. We will be doing the project by using minimum resources and funding but with effective model as far as possible. With proper funding and local peoples support we can do our project efficiently. 3.1.2Installation of water drain at the roofs: GI sheet are easily available metal sheet. It can be bent in a rectangular shape to collect the water from the roof tops of houses and buildings. Such a water drain can easily be installed and the rainwater can be collected from such drain. 3.1.3Collection of water: Water from such drain system can be collected in a reservoir tank. This tank can be installed below or above the ground lever. Rain water at the very first stage from the roof is impure as it contains dust particles, leaves and other roofing material. This water is usually impure for consumption but can be used for cleaning purpose and irrigation in small scale such as garden. 3.1.4Installation of water separation mechanism: The next step is the installation of separation mechanism. First stage of water is collected in one tank and the next stage of water in other tank. This can be done manually or also automatically. A valve system can be installed for this method. It works in similar manner like that a toilet flush system. Water is first collected in previous tank and after it is filled the valve closes its mouth and water then goes to the next tank where clean water is collected. The number of tank can be increased as per the need and intensity of rainfall. 3.1.5Purification of water: Water collected in a previous tank can directly be used for land irrigation and if sedimentation is done, it can also be used as drinking water for animals. Now water in next tank can be used for washing clothes, cleansing purpose etc. With further purification it can be used for cooking, drinking and other purposes too. 4
This purification can be done in several ways. The most economic and feasible method is sand water filtration. Materials used: Sand, gravel, charcoal. Different layers of sand gravel and charcoal is prepared in a box. Gravel traps bigger dirt particles such as leaves, sticks, pebbles and other roofing materials. Sand helps to trap small tiny particles and also helps in water purification. Charcoal absorbs dust particles inside it and helps to clean the water. This method can easily be implemented in any place. It also helps in aeration of water i.e. it increases the oxygen content in the water. The water can then be used for potable use after doing the purification test. 3.1.6Evacuation of water for ground water recharge The excess water after using in all these purposes can then be used for ground water recharge. Also during the idle time such water collected can be used for this purpose. It helps to increase the water content of the soil so in case if we need ground water by making wells, boring etc we can easily get it. 5
CHAPTER 4 4.1GANTT CHART 6
CHAPTER 5 5.1 BUDGET ESTIMATION SN PARTICULARS QUANTITY RATE TOTAL 1 GI sheet 4 (6*4) 1500 6000/- 2 PVC pipe,joints,elbow 5000 5000/- 3 Pump 1 10000 10000/- 4 Mild Steel Rod 2000 2000/- 5 PVC tank 3 10000 10000/- 6 Buckets 5 200 1000/- 7 Flush valve 1 2500 2500/- 8 Miscellaneous 10000/- TOTAL 46,500/- Table 1: Budget Estimation SN Particulars Amount 1 Budget estimated NRs 46,500 ($ 582) 2 Provided fund $400 3 Fund collection from VDC and local community $182 Table 2: Fund Sources The budget provided for doing this project is $400 which is equivalent to NRs 32,000 (approx). But as per our rough estimation we need NRs 46,500 for the completion of our project. The remaining budget will be provided by the VDC, water aid projects and the local community which is shown in table 2. 7
CHAPTER 6 6.1EXPECTED OUTCOMES Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting, filtering and storing water from roof tops, paved and unpaved areas for multiple uses. This process uses the rain water which would otherwise go waste. This rain water harvesting project installed on Himalaya lower Secondary School provide water for 160 students. This project will serve as a milestone for the students. This will not only save the time of the students but also help them know about the mechanism how this harvesting works. Whole village might get awareness about such economic and feasible method of water collecting and hence might motivate them to install this kind of project for each individual. As it is targeted mainly for the school, we have expected that each of the students will get benefit from this project. 8