Draft Environmental Assessment Terms of Reference Supplementary Document Waste Management System Summary
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...1 1.1 General...1 1.2 Background...1 1.3 Waste Diversion...1 1.4 Waste Disposal...2 2. WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL...4 2.1 Waste Collection...4 2.2 Waste Disposal... 2.3 Waste Collection and Disposal Costs...12 2.4 Summary...12 3. WASTE DIVERSION...14 3.1 Blue Box Recycling...14 3.2 Landfill and Transfer Station Diversion...17 3.3 Composting...18 3.4 Household Special Waste Program...18 3.5 Residential Waste Handled...19 3.6 IC&I Waste Diversion...20 3.7 Total Waste Handled...21 3.8 Summary...21 4. WASTE QUANTITIES PROJECTIONS...23 4.1 Population Projections...23 4.2 Waste Generation Rates...24 4.3 Diversion Rates...26 4.4 Waste Generation...27 4.5 Summary...27 5. CONCLUSIONS...28 Page Page i
LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Residential and Small IC&I Waste Quantities Curbside Collection and Depot Systems...5 Table 2.2 Waste Collection Costs...6 Table 2.3 - Total Waste Landfilled (Tonnes)...8 Table 2.4 Per Capita Disposal Rates by Sector...9 Table 2.5 District Tipping Fee Schedule...9 Table 2.6 Landfill Operating Costs...12 Table 2.7 Waste Collection and Disposal Costs...12 Table 3.1 Residential and Small IC&I Recyclables (Tonnes)...15 Table 3.2 2002 Recovery Rates Medium Sized Municipalities in Ontario...16 Table 3.3 Total Costs of Recycling Programs as Reported in WDO Data Call...17 Table 3.4 Landfill and Transfer Station Diversion...18 Table 3.5 - Residential Yard Waste Collected...18 Table 3.6 Household Special Waste Diversion...19 Table 3.7 Household Waste Handled...20 Table 3.8 Per Capita Diversion and Total Waste Generation Rates...20 Table 3.9 Total Waste Stream...21 Table 4.1 District of Muskoka Municipalities Permanent Population Projections...24 Table 4.2 Residential Waste Generation Rates...25 Table 4.3 IC&I Waste Disposal Rates...25 Table 4.4 - Biosolids Generation Rates...26 Table 4.5 - Waste Generation and Remaining Capacity... Following Page 27 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Waste Management Facility Locations Page ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Capital C & D Dillon HSW kg/hh kg/person IC&I M 3 MRF MMM Muskoka TSH WDO Capital Environmental Resources Construction and Demolition Dillon Consulting Household Special Waste kilograms per household kilograms per person Industrial, Commercial and Institutional cubic metres Materials Recycling Facility Marshal Macklin Monaghan District Municipality of Muskoka Totten Sims Hubicki Associates Waste Diversion Ontario Page iii
DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY OF MUSKOKA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General The District Municipality of Muskoka (Muskoka) retained Dillon Consulting (Dillon), in association with Totten Sims Hubicki Associates (TSH), to undertake a Waste Management Planning Study. Two (2) phases of the project are currently being completed and include: Assessment of Current System and Future Needs; and Preparation of the Environmental Assessment Terms of Reference. This report summarizes the current waste management system and projects the future waste quantities which will require handling by Muskoka until 2035. 1.2 Background According to the 2001 Census, Muskoka has a permanent population of 53,106. In addition, it is estimated that there are approximately 100,000 1 seasonal residents. Muskoka has been responsible for waste management since 1996, prior to which, the area municipalities were responsible. The current waste management system consists of diversion (primarily through the Blue Box and Household Special Waste programs) and landfill disposal. 1.3 Waste Diversion Muskoka offers an extensive curbside and depot-based recycling program. Approximately 30,800 households are serviced through weekly curbside collection, while 13,100 households are serviced through depots. The materials accepted in the curbside recycling program include: newsprint, fine paper, magazines, phone books, cardboard, boxboard, gable top cartons and tetra-pack cartons; aluminum cans and foil; 1 The District Municipality of Muskoka, Population Statistics, June 1998, District of Muskoka Planning and Economic Development Department Page 1
steel and empty paint cans; clear and coloured glass; plastics; and textiles. All materials listed are also accepted at the depots. In addition, diversion programs are in place for appliances, scrap metal, clean wood, brush and tires at the landfill sites and transfer stations. Approximately 6,000 backyard composters have been distributed to residents. The urban core areas of the Towns of Bracebridge and Gravenhurst have two yard waste collection days. Permanent Household Special Waste (HSW) Facilities have been established throughout Muskoka at the following six locations: Rosewarne Drive Landfill Town of Bracebridge Beiers Road Landfill Town of Gravenhurst Baxter Transfer Station Township of Georgian Bay Dwight Transfer Station Township of Lake of Bays Eveleigh Road Transfer Station Township of Muskoka Lakes Madill Church Works Yard Town of Huntsville Brendar Environmental Incorporated provides Special Waste Day Services, which run once every two weeks from May through October. In addition, each location is open on two Saturdays over the summer months (June-September). Through all of these programs, approximately 11,560 tonnes of residential waste material was diverted from disposal in 2001, 8,530 tonnes in 2002 and 11,070 tonnes in 2003. 1.4 Waste Disposal There are currently three operating landfill sites and seven transfer stations in Muskoka. The names and locations of each are as follows: Landfills Stisted Landfill Town of Huntsville Rosewarne Drive Landfill Town of Bracebridge Beiers Road Landfill Town of Gravenhurst Page 2
Transfer Stations Baysville Transfer Station Township of Lake of Bays Dorset Transfer Station Township of Lake of Bays Sinclair Transfer Station Township of Lake of Bays Dwight Transfer Station Township of Lake of Bays Eveleigh Road Transfer Station Township of Muskoka Lakes Tower Road Transfer Station Township of Georgian Bay Baxter Transfer Station Township of Georgian Bay The locations of these facilities are shown on Figure 1. Muskoka operates weekly garbage curbside collection from May through October and bi-weekly collection from November through April. For seasonal roads, curbside collection operates only from May through October. Approximately 33,900 tonnes of residential and industrial, commercial and institutional (IC&I) waste were landfilled in 2001, 37,400 tonnes in 2002 and 40,800 tonnes in 2003. The waste disposed was approximately 50% from household sources, 40% from IC&I sources and 10% from biosolids sources. The three landfills are natural attenuation sites. The sites are monitored regularly for groundwater, surface water and landfill gas. In 2002, a background review of waste disposal in Muskoka concluded that the active landfill sites had a remaining capacity of approximately 1 million m 3 at the beginning of 2002 which will provide approximately 11 years of remaining capacity. Page 3
2. WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL 2.1 Waste Collection Municipal By-laws Muskoka s Municipal By-Law 98-59 (amended by 2000-22, 2001-52, 2001-62 and 2003-40) governs the requirements for collection, removal and disposal of garbage, recyclables, organics and other refuse. Collection Responsibility Muskoka utilizes Capital Environmental Resources for waste collection. Muskoka operates weekly curbside waste collection from May through October and bi-weekly collection from November through April. Recycling collection operates on the same day as waste collection and remains on a weekly schedule throughout the year. For seasonal roads, curbside collection operates only from May through October. Collection occurs five days per week as follows: Town of Bracebridge (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday) Town of Gravenhurst (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) Town of Huntsville (Tuesday, Thursday) Township of Georgian Bay (Wednesday) Township of Muskoka Lakes (Tuesday, Wednesday) Waste Disposal Quantities per Household and per Person The quantities of waste collected at curbside and by the depot system are summarized in Table 2.1. As indicated, the quantity of waste collected in Muskoka s curbside and depot systems per household ranged from 390 kg/hh in 2001 to 412 kg/hh in 2003. On a per person basis, the waste generation rate ranged from 317 kg/person in 2001 to 335 kg/person in 2003. Page 4
TABLE 2.1 RESIDENTIAL AND SMALL IC&I WASTE QUANTITIES CURBSIDE COLLECTION AND DEPOT SYSTEMS 2001 2002 2003 Tonnes Collected 2 16,821 17,809 19,087 Household Serviced 3 43,109 43,495 43,881 Kilograms/Household 390 409 435 Population 53,106 53,525 53,944 Kilograms/Person 317 333 354 Curbside Collection Costs The total costs for providing municipal curbside waste collection services in Muskoka for the years 2001 through 2003 were as follows: 2001 - $1,733,800 2002 - $1,932,800 2003 - $1,877,100 Given that approximately 30,176 households were serviced with curbside collection in 2001, 30,446 in 2002 and 30,717 in 2003, the costs per household were as follows: 2001 - $57 2002 - $63 2003 - $61 Transfer Station Operating Costs The total costs for operating Muskoka s transfer stations for the years 2001 through 2003 were as follows: 2001 - $1,038,600 2002 - $1,060,200 2003 - $1,447,500 2 Total household waste disposed at the three operating landfills. 3 The number of households in Muskoka is based on information provided by Municipal Property Assessment Corporation (2004). Page 5
Given that approximately 12,933 households were serviced by the depot system in 2001, 13,040 in 2002 and 13,164 in 2003 the cost per household were as follows: 2001 - $80 2002 - $81 2003 - $110 Table 2.2 summarizes the waste collection costs in Muskoka over the three year period. TABLE 2.2 WASTE COLLECTION COSTS 2001 2002 2003 Curbside Collection $1,733,800 $1,932,800 $1,877,100 Transfer Station $1,038,600 $1,060,200 $1,447,500 Operation Total $2,772,400 $2,993,000 $3,324,600 Households 43,109 43,495 43,881 Cost per Household $64 $69 $76 2.2 Waste Disposal Landfill Sites There are currently three operating landfill sites in Muskoka. The Rosewarne Drive Landfill Site is located in Bracebridge, east of Highway 11. Access from Highway 11 is via Taylor Road, then Rosewarne Drive. It is Muskoka s main landfill in terms of tonnage received as shown in Table 2.3. The Rosewarne Drive Landfill is 20.8 hectares in size, of which 6.45 hectares is approved as fill area. The capacity remaining for waste and daily cover is approximately 196,000 m 3. Groundwater impacts are controlled by natural attenuation. The landfill has a large contaminant attenuation zone that extends west and south of the landfill to Highway 11. The Beiers Road Landfill Site is located south of the urban area of Gravenhurst, west of Highway 11. Access from Highway 11 is via Sedore Road, then Beiers Road (Muskoka Road 19). The Beiers Road Landfill is 20 hectares in size, of which 12 hectares is approved as fill area. The capacity remaining for waste and daily cover is approximately 460,000 m 3. Groundwater impacts are controlled by Page 6
natural attenuation. Private and municipally owned lands lie south of the landfill site in the direction of groundwater flow. The Stisted Landfill Site is located at the north end of Muskoka, west of the urban area of Huntsville. Access is from Muskoka Road 31, about six kilometres north of Aspdin. The Stisted Landfill is 160 hectares in size, of which 10.8 hectares is approved as fill area. The capacity remaining for waste and daily cover is approximately 350,000 m 3. Groundwater impacts are controlled by natural attenuation. Collectively the sites have approximately 11 years of remaining capacity. Landfill Tonnages The waste disposed at the Rosewarne Drive, Beiers and Stisted Landfills between 2001 and 2003 is summarized in Table 2.3. Page 7
TABLE 2.3 TOTAL WASTE LANDFILLED (TONNES) 2001 2002 2003 Rosewarne Drive - Bracebridge Residential 12,727 12,589 12,229 IC&I 7,056 7,428 8,749 Total 19,782 20,017 20,978 Beiers Road Gravenhurst Residential 1,459 1,599 3,178 IC&I 1,710 1,376 2,408 Biosolids 0 1,799 1,074 Total 3,169 4,774 6,660 Stisted Huntsville Residential 2,635 3,621 3,680 IC&I 5,322 6,398 6,366 Biosolids 3,028 2,616 3,108 Total 10,985 12,635 13,151 3 Landfills Combined Residential 16,821 17,809 19,087 IC&I 14,088 15,202 17,523 Biosolids 3,028 4,415 4,179 Total 33,936 37,426 40,789 Based on the tonnages for the three landfills combined, approximately 50% of the waste landfilled was from the residential sector, 40% was from the IC&I sector and 10% was biosolids. Table 2.4 shows the per capita waste generation rates for residential, IC&I and biosolids. Page 8
TABLE 2.4 PER CAPITA DISPOSAL RATES BY SECTOR 2001 2002 2003 Population 53,106 53,525 53,944 Residential (tonnes) 16,821 17,809 19,087 kg/person/year 317 333 354 IC&I 14,088 15,202 17,523 kg/person/year 265 284 325 Biosolids 3,028 4,415 4,179 kg/person/year 57 82 77 Total (tonnes) 33,937 37,426 40,789 Total kg/person/year 639 699 756 As noted in Table 2.4, the per capita waste generation rate has been increasing each year. Tipping Fees The current tipping fees, according to by-law 2004-10, are shown in Table 2.5. TABLE 2.5 DISTRICT TIPPING FEE SCHEDULE Type of Waste Facility With Weigh Scales Residential Waste Facility Without Weigh Scales Three (3) Bags or Less No Charge No Charge More than Three (3) Bags $95.00/Tonne $1.00 per Bag Over 3 General Residential $95.00/Tonne ½ Ton Truck (Low) Load or Equivalent ½ Ton Truck (Medium) Load or Equivalent ½ Ton Truck (High) Load or Equivalent N/A N/A N/A $17.00/Discharge $32.00/Discharge $48.00/Discharge Page 9
TABLE 2.5 DISTRICT TIPPING FEE SCHEDULE Type of Waste Facility With Weigh Scales Commercial/Industrial/Construction Waste General $95.00/Tonne N/A Wood/Brush $95.00/Tonne N/A Chippable Wood/Brush $60.00/Tonne N/A Compostable Waste $40.00/Tonne N/A Contaminated Soil/Waste $140.00/Tonne N/A Tar Shingles $95.00/Tonne N/A Mixed Materials $95.00/Tonne Facility Without Weigh Scales ½ Ton Truck (Low) Load or N/A $17.00/Discharge Equivalent ½ Ton Truck (Medium) Load or Equivalent N/A $32.00/Discharge ½ Ton Truck (High) Load or N/A $48.00/Discharge Equivalent 1 Rear Axle Stake Truck N/A $85.00/Discharge 1 Rear Axle Dump Truck N/A $170.00/Discharge 2 Rear Axle Dump Truck N/A $254.00/Discharge White and Household Goods Furniture, Mattresses, Box Springs $95.00/Tonne $6.00/Unit Untagged Freon Appliances $11.00/Unit $11.00/Unit Tires Not on Rims Rim Size 16 Inches or Under - First 4 Tires $4.00/Tire $4.00/Tire - Over 4 Tires $250.00/Tonne Not Accepted Rim Size Over 16 Inches $500.00/Tonne Not Accepted Page 10
TABLE 2.5 DISTRICT TIPPING FEE SCHEDULE Type of Waste Facility With Weigh Scales Tires on Rims Rim Size 16 Inches or Under Facility Without Weigh Scales - First 4 Tires and Rim $6.00/Assembly $6.00/Assembly Assemblies - Over 4 Tires and Rim $375.00/Tonne Not Accepted Assemblies Rim Size Over 16 Inches $500.00/Tonne Not Accepted. Recyclables 1) Where designated recyclables are deposited in the designated location at site, there shall be no charge. Otherwise, the fees noted above shall apply. Household Hazardous Waste 1) Where facilities at the solid waste disposal site exist and the household hazardous waste is left or deposited at such facilities, no charge. 2) In all circumstances not described in 1), the leaving, depositing or abandoning of household hazardous waste is prohibited. Other If for any reason the scales are not working the rates for facilities without weigh scales will apply. The tipping fees collected from the IC&I sector and residents in 2001 through 2003 were as follows: 2001 $1,991,700 2002 $2,102,500 2003 $1,892,500 Landfill Operating Costs Table 2.6 summarizes the yearly costs to operate the three active landfills in Muskoka. Page 11
TABLE 2.6 LANDFILL OPERATING COSTS 2001 2002 2003 Landfill Operating Costs $1,106,800 $1,349,900 $1,448,300 Tonnes of Waste 33,937 37,426 40,789 Disposed Cost/Tonne $33 $36 $36 The operating cost per tonne has been fairly consistent over the three years. 2.3 Waste Collection and Disposal Costs Based on the information presented in this section, the net costs to Muskoka for waste collection and disposal are summarized in Table 2.7. TABLE 2.7 WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL COSTS 2001 2002 2003 Curbside Collection Costs $1,733,800 $1,932,800 $1,877,100 Transfer Station Operating Costs $1,038,600 $1,060,200 $1,447,500 Landfill Operating Costs $1,106,800 $1,349,900 $1,448,300 Subtotal $3,879,200 $4,342,900 $4,772,900 Tipping Fee Revenues $1,991,700 $2,102,500 $1,892,500 Net Cost $1,887,500 $2,240,400 $2,880,400 2.4 Summary The following conclusions are provided on the waste collection and disposal components of Muskoka s waste management system: on a per household basis, the residential waste disposal rate ranged from 390 kg/hh in 2001 to 435 kg/hh in 2003; on a per person basis, the residential waste disposal rate ranged from 317 kg/person in 2001 to 354 kg/person in 2003. the cost of curbside waste collection ranged from $1,733,800 in 2001 to $1,932,800 in 2002 or $57 to $63 a household; the annual transfer station operating costs ranged from $1,038,600 in 2001 to $1,447,500 in 2003 or $80 and $110 per household served; Page 12
approximately 50% of the waste being landfilled comes from the residential sector, 40% comes from the IC&I sector and 10% comes from biosolids sources; the overall waste disposal rate ranged from 639 to 756 kg/person; the landfill operating costs ranged from $1,106,800 in 2001 to $1,448,300 in 2003 or $33 to $36 per tonne; the tipping fees collected at the landfill sites ranged from $1,892,500 to $2,102,500; and the net costs for waste collection and disposal in Muskoka ranged from $1.9 million in 2001 to $2.9 million in 2003. Page 13
3. WASTE DIVERSION 3.1 Blue Box Recycling Collection and Processing Capital Environmental Resources (Capital) is contracted for collection and processing of recyclables. Weekly curbside recycling collection operates throughout the year on the same day as waste collection. The collection schedule is outlined in Section 2.1 of this report. Processing occurs at a Materials Recycling Facility (MRF) in Bracebridge owned and operated by Capital. In 2003 30,755 households are serviced by curbside collection of recyclables, while 13,115 households were serviced through a depot system. The materials accepted in the curbside recycling program include: newsprint, fine paper, magazines, phone books, cardboard, boxboard, gable top cartons, tetra pack cartons; aluminum cans and foil; steel and empty paint cans; clear and coloured glass; plastics; and textiles. All the above materials are also collected at the depots. In addition, diversion programs are in place for appliances, scrap metal, clean wood, brush and tires. Tonnages Collected Table 3.1 shows the tonnes recycled between 2001 and 2003 through the curbside and depot programs. Page 14
TABLE 3.1 RESIDENTIAL AND SMALL IC&I RECYCLABLES (TONNES) 4 Material 2001 2002 2003 Glass 895 848 1,465 PET 132 190 242 HDPE 71 124 138 Plastic Film 0 72 19 Polystyrene 17 0 0 Mixed Plastics 159 117 80 Fibre 6,409 4,418 3,948 Aluminum 201 139 163 Steel 483 475 535 Total (tonnes) 8,367 6,383 6,590 Households 43,109 43,495 43,881 kg/hh/year 194 147 150 The blue box program captured approximately 194 kilograms of recyclables per household in 2001. This dropped to 147 kg/hh in 2002 and was 150 kg/hh in 2003. The Provincial average for medium sized municipalities for 2002 was 157 kg/hh. Table 3.2 summarizes the recovery rates of other medium sized municipalities in Ontario. 4 The 2001 and 2002 numbers represent marketed tonnes, while the 2003 number represents collected tonnes. The numbers include any small IC&I material collected in the system. Page 15
TABLE 3.2 2002 RECYCLABLES RECOVERY RATES MEDIUM SIZED MUNICIPALITIES IN ONTARIO 5 Municipality Recovery Rate (kg/household) Town of Richmond Hill 174 City of Kingston 222 City of Thunder Bay 161 Municipality of Chatham- 79 Kent City of Barrie 234 City of Guelph 58 County of Oxford 154 County of Northumberland 193 Recycling Program Costs The costs for operating recycling programs varies in different municipalities due to a number of factors, including: the number and types of material collected; the population served and population density; the collection and processing systems used; ownership of the collection and processing equipment and any funding received for purchase; the age of the equipment being used for collection and processing; operating efficiencies; contract issues such as material revenue share; and the value of recovered materials. The costs of Muskoka program as reported in the 2002 and 2003 WDO data calls is presented in Table 3.3. 5 Discussion Paper No. 1, Blue Box Targets and Municipal Benchmarks, Appendix A, WDO. Page 16
TABLE 3.3 TOTAL COSTS OF RECYCLING PROGRAMS AS REPORTED IN WDO DATA CALL 6 Component Cost 2002 7 2003 8 Collection $901,535 1,044,072 Processing $1,051,653 887,569 Depot $551,545 413,047 Administration $54,857 32,475 Promotion and $0 19,584 Education Revenue $961,985 $346,262 Total Net Costs $1,597,605 $2,050,485 Households 43,495 43,881 Cost per Household $37 $47 Tonnes 6,383 6,590 Cost per Tonne $250 $311 The total revenues from the sale of recyclables, as reported to the WDO in 2002, was $961,985, of which Muskoka received 100%. In 2003 the total revenues from the sale of recyclables was $494,661 of which Muskoka received 70% or $346,262. 3.2 Landfill and Transfer Station Diversion A number of additional waste diversion activities occur at the landfill sites and transfer stations throughout Muskoka. The following materials are diverted. white goods; scrap metal; wood; and tires. Table 3.4 outlined the quantities of these materials diverted at the facilities. 6 Muskoka began reporting costs to WDO in 2002, no reported costs to WDO for 2001. 7 The 2002 contract was based on the net cost to Muskoka after the sale of market materials. 8 The 2003 contract is based on 70% of the revenue going to Muskoka and 30% to the contractor. Page 17
3.3 Composting TABLE 3.4 LANDFILL AND TRANSFER STATION DIVERSION Material Tonnes 2001 2002 2003 White Goods 101 0 0 Scrap Metal 0 113 1,427 Wood 2,155 935 649 Tires 128 73 15 Other C&D 0 0 787 Recyclables Total 2,384 1,121 2,878 Composting occurs at the Rosewarne Drive Landfill Compost Site in Bracebridge. Leaf and yard waste collection services are provided twice annually. Approximately 6,500 households are provided with this service. Yard waste is also collected at a number of the depots. Table 3.5 provides the tonnages or leaf and yard waste collected. TABLE 3.5 RESIDENTIAL YARD WASTE COLLECTED Material Tonnes 2001 2002 2003 Yard Waste 110 322 826 It is also estimated that 6,000 households use backyard composters which, at a diversion rate of 100 kg/unit/year, works out to an annual diversion of 600 tonnes. 3.4 Household Special Waste Program Muskoka currently has six permanent household special waste (HSW) depots, all of which are operated by Brendar Environmental. The HSW program is available to all households. There were 4,500 visits made to the depots in 2001, 6,435 visits in 2002 and 9,000 visits in 2003. The quantities diverted are outlined in Table 3.6. Page 18
TABLE 3.6 HOUSEHOLD SPECIAL WASTE DIVERSION Component 2001 9 Kilograms 2002 2003 Inorganic Acids 720 3,870 Aerosols 1,680 2,900 Inorganic Bases 1,440 3,870 Car Batteries 14,400 0 Inorganic Oxidizers 720 0 Oil Filters 800 32,485 Organic Oxidizers 5 25,591 Pesticides 1,120 1,331 Bulk Fuel 2,800 3,900 Paint 41,840 41,400 Oil 22,028 32,377 Flammable 18,800 25,591 Organics Total 100,000 106,355 173,315 Therefore, 106 tonnes of household special waste was diverted in 2002 and 173 tonnes in 2003. 3.5 Residential Waste Handled Table 3.7 outlines the quantities of residential waste handled by Muskoka in 2001, 2002 and 2003. 9 Estimated amount diverted. Page 19
TABLE 3.7 RESIDENTIAL WASTE HANDLED Component Tonnes 2001 2002 2003 Landfilled 16,821 17,809 19,087 Blue Box Recycling 8,367 6,383 6,590 Landfill Diversion 2,384 1,121 2,878 Composting Yard 110 322 826 Waste Composting 600 600 600 Backyard Household Special 100 106 173 Waste Total 28,382 26,341 30,154 In 2001, Muskoka achieved an overall diversion rate of 40% with the remaining 60% being landfilled. This decreased to 32% in 2002 with the remaining 68% being landfilled. In 2003, the diversion rate increased to 37% with the remaining 63% being landfill. Table 3.8 presents the per capita diversion and waste quantities for Muskoka over the three years. TABLE 3.8 PER CAPITA DIVERSION AND TOTAL WASTE GENERATION RATES Component 2001 2002 2003 Population 53,106 53,525 53,944 Diversion (tonnes) 11,561 8,532 11,067 kg/person/year 217 159 205 Total Waste 28,382 26,341 30,154 kg/person/year 534 492 559 3.6 IC&I Waste Diversion Waste diversion in the IC&I sector is difficult to quantify because Muskoka does not have control over the privately generated waste or recyclables. In Muskoka, waste and recycling collection is provided to small businesses along the normal collection routes and at the transfer stations. Any recyclables collected at these Page 20
locations are accounted for in the residential recycling tonnages. Garbage collection is restricted to a three-bag limit. Recyclables set out on the curbside by businesses on the normal collection route are picked up, to a limit of four blue boxes. 3.7 Total Waste Handled If the entire waste stream is considered, Muskoka manages the following tonnages shown in Table 3.9. TABLE 3.9 TOTAL WASTE STREAM Tonnes 2001 2002 2003 Landfill Waste Residential Waste 16,821 17,809 19,087 Landfilled IC&I Waste Landfilled 14,088 15,202 17,523 Biosolids Landfilled 3,028 4,115 4,178 Total Landfilled 33,937 37,426 40,789 Diverted Waste Residential Blue Box 8,367 6,383 6,590 Landfill Diversion 2,384 1,121 2,878 Composting Yard 110 322 826 Waste Composting Backyard 600 600 600 Household Special 100 106 174 Waste Total Diverted 11,561 8,532 11,068 Total Waste Handled 45,598 45,852 51,857 kg/person/year 857 859 961 Page 21
3.8 Summary The following conclusions are provided on the waste diversion components of Muskoka s waste management system: the blue box capture rate ranged from 147 kg/hh in 2002 to 194 kg/hh in 2001, compared to the Provincial average for medium sized municipalities of 157 kg/hh in 2002; the overall recycling costs for Muskoka in 2003 were $2,050,485 or $47 per household; in 2001 Muskoka achieved an overall residential diversion rate of 40% which fell to 32% in 2002 and rose to 37% in 2003; the kg/person/year diverted in the last three years ranged from 159 to 217; the total waste handled by Muskoka ranged from 45,598 tonnes to 51,857 tonnes or 857 to 961 kg/person/year. Page 22
4. WASTE QUANTITIES PROJECTIONS In order to determine the future waste quantities requiring handling by Muskoka, a number of factors have to be taken into consideration and include: population projections; waste generation rates; and diversion rates. The following sections provide additional information on each. 4.1 Population Projections Muskoka retained Marshall Macklin Monaghan (MMM) to prepare a twenty year permanent population projection based on the 2001 census data. 10 The report prepared by MMM concluded that the permanent population is expected to increase by approximately 5,500 people by 2021. This represents an increase of approximately 10.4% or, on an annual basis, just over 0.5%. The report outlined that the growth rate is less than previous projections but is reflective of general trends in current demographic profiles, declining birth rates and migration in rural Ontario. For the purpose of the Waste Management Planning Study, the projections for 2001 to 2021 developed by MMM were used. A population increase of 0.5% per year was used beyond 2021 to project the population to 2035. The population projections to 2035 are shown in Table 4.1. 10 District Municipality of Muskoka, Permanent Population Projections 2001 2021, April 2004, Marshall Macklin Monaghan Page 23
TABLE 4.1 DISTRICT OF MUSKOKA MUNICIPALITIES PERMANENT POPULATION PROJECTIONS 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2035 Bracebridge 13,751 14,312 14,767 14,984 15,228 15,629 16,040 16,376 Georgian Bay 2,176 2,176 2,176 2,177 2,177 2,234 2,293 2,341 Gravenhurst 10,899 11,248 11,529 11,662 11,811 12,122 12,440 12,702 Huntsville 17,338 18,268 19,032 19,398 19,813 20,334 20,689 21,307 Lake of Bays 2,900 2,946 2,983 3,000 3,020 3,099 3,181 3,248 Muskoka Lakes 6,042 6,250 5,417 6,4997 6,586 6,759 6,937 7.083 District of Muskoka 53,106 55,200 56,905 57,719 58,635 60,177 61,760 63,056 Based on these projections, it is anticipated that the permanent population in Muskoka will increase to 63,056 by 2035. Muskoka also has a significant seasonal population which has been estimated at 100,000 persons. The significant seasonal population spikes will be accounted for in the waste generation rates. The waste generation rates are based on the entire year and account for the spikes in population during the recreational season. 4.2 Waste Generation Rates As mentioned previously, three different waste streams are handled by Muskoka and include: residential; IC&I; and biosolids. In order to project future generation rates, each has to be dealt with separately. Each stream is discussed in greater detail below. Residential Waste Stream The total residential waste handled by Muskoka between 2001 and 2003 is summarized below: Page 24
TABLE 4.2 RESIDENTIAL WASTE GENERATION RATES 2001 2002 2003 Waste Landfilled 16,821 17,809 19,087 (tonnes) Waste Diverted (tonnes) 11,561 8,532 11,068 Total Waste (tonnes) 28,382 26,341 30,154 kg/person/year 534 492 559 For the purpose of projecting the residential waste stream, the generation factor of 600 kg/person/year will be used. This generation factor uses the yearly totals and therefore takes into consideration the seasonal influx of residents during the recreational season. IC&I Waste Stream The total IC&I waste handled by Muskoka between 2001 and 2003 is summarized below. TABLE 4.3 IC&I WASTE DISPOSAL RATES 2001 2002 2003 Waste Landfilled 17,115 15,201 17,523 (tonnes) kg/person/year 322 284 325 In addition to the above IC&I waste, other IC&I waste is being exported out of Muskoka each year. Muskoka has no control over this waste and therefore cannot predict if it will return to local landfills. A 20 percent contingency has been added to the 2003 IC&I waste generation rate. Therefore, the generation rate to be used for the IC&I sector is 390 kg/person/year. Biosolids The total amount of biosolids landfilled by Muskoka between 2001 and 2003 is summarized in Table 4.4. Page 25
TABLE 4.4 BIOSOLIDS GENERATION RATES 2001 2002 2003 Biosolids Landfilled 3,028 4,418 4,178 (tonnes) kg/person/year 57 83 77 In addition to this tonnage, there is currently 2,000 to 3,000 tonnes being land applied each year by Muskoka. It is anticipated that this material may eventually have to be landfilled. Therefore, an additional 2,000 tonnes is being added to the amount landfilled by 2006. The generation rate for biosolids will be 115 kg/person/year. It is anticipated that this additional biosolids will not be landfilled until 2006. 4.3 Diversion Rates As with waste generation rates, diversion rates for the three streams have to be identified separately. Each is discussed in greater detail below. Residential Diversion Rate The Minister of the Environment has announced a 60% diversion rate from disposal by 2008 for the Province of Ontario. In the MOE s Discussion Paper, it is outlined that mandatory diversion targets for municipalities could be phased in. The approach proposed is as follows: largest municipalities with populations over 250,000 could have a waste diversion target rate of 60% by 2008; medium sized municipalities with populations over 50,000 and less than 250,000 could be given a lower interim waste diversion target, achieving 60% diversion over a longer period of time. 11 At this time, for demonstrating the need for additional disposal capacity, we have assumed a residential target of 60% by 2008. This will be further defined in the Diversion Plan prepared as part of the Long-Range Waste Management Plan. IC&I Sector Muskoka does not have control over the IC&I sector. Assuming the Ministry of the Environment enforces the current recycling regulations and the sector begins 11 Ontario s 60% Waste Diversion Goal Discussion Paper, Ministry of the Environment, June 10, 2004. Page 26
more aggressive diversion programs, it is anticipated that a 20% reduction in the amount of waste sent to Muskoka landfills may be realized by 2008. Biosolids Disposal Muskoka has initiated a biosolids composting feasibility study. The results of this study will determine the feasibility of this material being diverted from the waste stream. For waste projections, it is assumed all the material will go to disposal over the planning period. 4.4 Waste Generation Tables 4.5 outlines the weight of waste generated, diversion rate, quantity diverted and residual for the years 2002 to 2035 for the three sectors. Also included in the table is the remaining disposal capacity in tonnes as reported in 2002 12. Based on the assumptions used for these projections, Muskoka would run out of disposal capacity at the end of 2015. Based on the projections, Muskoka would require residual disposal capacity of approximately 800,000 tonnes to 2035. 4.5 Summary The following conclusions are provided for this section: it is anticipated that the permanent population in Muskoka will increase to 63,056 by 2035; a residential waste generation factor of 600 kg/person/year would be used in the projections; an IC&I waste generation factor of 390 kg/person/year would be used in the projections; a biosolids generation factor of 115 kg/person/year would be used in the projections; Muskoka could be out of disposal capacity by 2015; Muskoka requires approximately 800,000 tonnes of residual capacity to 2035. 12 District Municipality of Muskoka Background Review of District Waste Disposal October 2002, Pinestone Engineering Ltd. and Stantec Consulting Ltd. Page 27
Table 4.5 District Municipality of Muskoka Waste Generation and Remaining Capacity Residential Residential IC & I IC & I Sludge Sludge Total Total Year Population Waste Generation Diversion Rate Waste Generation Diversion Rate Generation Diversion Rate Diverted Residual Remaining Capacity (tonnes) (%) (tonnes) (%) (tonnes) (%) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) 2001 557,370 2002* 53,525 26,341 32 15,201 0 4,418 0 8,532 37,428 519,942 2003* 53,944 30,154 33 17,523 0 4,178 0 11,068 40,787 479,155 2004 54,362 32,617 35 21,201 5 6,252 0 12,476 45,542 433,612 2005 54,781 32,869 40 21,365 10 6,300 0 15,284 43,149 390,463 2006 55,200 33,120 45 21,528 15 6,348 0 18,133 42,215 348,248 2007 55,541 33,325 50 21,661 18 6,387 0 20,561 40,812 307,437 2008 55,882 33,529 55 21,794 20 6,426 0 22,800 38,950 268,487 2009 56,223 33,734 60 21,927 20 6,466 0 24,626 37,501 230,986 2010 56,564 33,938 60 22,060 20 6,505 0 24,775 37,728 193,258 2011 56,905 34,143 60 22,193 20 6,544 0 24,924 37,956 155,302 2012 57,068 34,241 60 22,257 20 6,563 0 24,996 38,064 117,238 2013 57,230 34,338 60 22,320 20 6,581 0 25,067 38,172 79,066 2014 57,393 34,436 60 22,383 20 6,600 0 25,138 38,281 40,784 2015 57,555 34,533 60 22,446 20 6,619 0 25,209 38,389 2,395 2016 57,718 34,631 60 22,510 20 6,638 0 25,280 38,498-36,103 2017 57,901 34,741 60 22,581 20 6,659 0 25,361 38,620-74,723 2018 58,085 34,851 60 22,653 20 6,680 0 25,441 38,743-113,465 2019 58,268 34,961 60 22,725 20 6,701 0 25,521 38,865-152,330 2020 58,452 35,071 60 22,796 20 6,722 0 25,602 38,987-191,318 2021 58,635 35,181 60 22,868 20 6,743 0 25,682 39,110-230,427 2022 58,940 35,364 60 22,987 20 6,778 0 25,816 39,313-269,740 2023 59,247 35,548 60 23,106 20 6,813 0 25,950 39,518-309,258 2024 59,555 35,733 60 23,226 20 6,849 0 26,085 39,723-348,981 2025 59,865 35,919 60 23,347 20 6,884 0 26,221 39,930-388,911 2026 60,177 36,106 60 23,469 20 6,920 0 26,358 40,138-429,049 2027 60,490 36,294 60 23,591 20 6,956 0 26,495 40,347-469,396 2028 60,805 36,483 60 23,714 20 6,993 0 26,633 40,557-509,953 2029 61,122 36,673 60 23,838 20 7,029 0 26,771 40,768-550,721 2030 61,440 36,864 60 23,962 20 7,066 0 26,911 40,980-591,702 2031 61,760 37,056 60 24,086 20 7,102 0 27,051 41,194-632,896 2032 62,081 37,249 60 24,212 20 7,139 0 27,191 41,408-674,304 2033 62,404 37,442 60 24,338 20 7,176 0 27,333 41,623-715,927 2034 62,729 37,637 60 24,464 20 7,214 0 27,475 41,840-757,767 2035 63,056 37,834 60 24,592 20 7,251 0 27,619 42,058-799,826 * Waste generation and diversion tonnages shown for 2002 are actual values. Assumptions: residential waste generation rate = 600 kg/person/year IC & I waste generation rate = 390 kg/person/year biosolids generation rate = 115 kg/person/year placed waste density = 690 kg/m 3 E:\PROJECTS\Environmental\52-27571\capacity690table4.5 Table 4.5 6/18/2004
5. CONCLUSIONS The following conclusions are provided in the report: on a per household basis, the residential waste disposal rate ranged from 390 kg/hh in 2001 to 435 kg/hh in 2003; on a per person basis, the residential waste disposal rate ranged from 317 kg/person in 2001 to 354 kg/person in 2003. the cost of curbside waste collection ranged from $1,733,800 in 2001 to $1,932,800 in 2002 or $57 to $63 a household; the annual transfer station operating costs ranged from $1,038,600 in 2001 to $1,447,500 in 2003 or $80 and $110 per household served; approximately 50% of the waste being landfilled comes from the residential sector, 40% comes from the IC&I sector and 10% comes from biosolids sources; the overall waste disposal rate ranged from 639 to 756 kg/person; the landfill operating costs ranged from $1,106,800 in 2001 to $1,448,300 in 2003 or $33 to $36 per tonne; the tipping fees collected at the landfill sites ranged from $1,892,500 to $2,102,500; and the net costs for waste collection and disposal in Muskoka ranged from $1.9 million in 2001 to $2.9 million in 2003; the blue box capture rate ranged from 147 kg/hh in 2002 to 194 kg/hh in 2001, compared to the Provincial average for medium sized municipalities of 157 kg/hh in 2002; the overall recycling costs for Muskoka in 2003 were $2,050,485 or $47 per household; in 2001 Muskoka achieved an overall residential diversion rate of 40% which fell to 32% in 2002 and rose to 37% in 2003; the kg/person/year diverted in the last three years ranged from 159 to 217; the total waste handled by Muskoka ranged from 45,598 tonnes to 51,857 tonnes or 857 to 961 kg/person/year; it is anticipated that the permanent population in Muskoka will increase to 63,056 by 2035; a residential waste generation factor of 600 kg/person/year would be used in the projections; an IC&I waste generation factor of 390 kg/person/year would be used in the projections; a biosolids generation factor of 115 kg/person/year would be used in the projections; Muskoka could be out of disposal capacity by 2011; Muskoka requires approximately 800,000 tonnes of residual capacity to 2035. Page 28