LEED Information for Calstone Concrete Paving Stones Developed by the USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council) membership, LEED the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System is a voluntary consensus based national standard for developing high performance sustainable building sites. With well founded and documented scientific information, LEED provides the complete foundation for assessing building performance and meeting sustainability goals over six categories; Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality and Innovation. We congratulate you on your decision to include concrete interlocking paving stones in your latest construction project. We feel that concrete paving stones are an excellent environmental choice because BENEFITS OF CALSTONE CONCRETE PAVING STONES Low maintenance Low life cycle cost / Long service life High load capacities Reusable Recyclable No petroleum products Flexible design options Multiple colors & shapes No cracking Visually more attractive than alternate pavements Manufactured locally with local raw materials Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements (PICP) - additional benefits include: Meet national/provincial/state storm water regulations: part of best management practice (BMP) mix Conserves space: pavement built on detention facility Reduce or eliminate remote retention requirements Filter and reduce toxins, metals Groundwater recharge Lower peak flows/volume that helps preserve drainage system capacity while reducing downstream erosion Reduce runoff temperatures It is important to note that LEED certification points are based on the overall building envelope, design, and performance. Concrete Paving Stones can contribute to the gaining of points in three out of the six LEED categories for up to 16 points.
Where Calstone Concrete Pavers Can Help Your Project Achieve LEED Credits: LEED Credit LEED How Calstone Pavers Contribute Sustainable Sites (SS) 6.1 Strom Water Design Quantity Control 1 Pt. Limit disruption of natural water hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, and managing stormwater runoff. Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) captures and treats stormwater beneath the pavement Captured stormwater can be infiltrated to ground water, released at a controlled rate to a storm drain, or harvested for 6.2 Storm Water Design Quality Control 1 Pt. 7.1 - Heat Island Effect 1 Pt. 50% 2 Pt. 100% (ID) Materials and Resources (MR) 2.1 and 2.2 Construction Waste Management 1 Pt. 50% 2 Pt. 75% 3 Pt. 95% (ID) 3.1 and 3.2 Materials Reuse 1 Pt. 5% 2 Pts. 10% 3Pts. 15% (ID) 4.1 and 4.2 Recycled Content 1 Pt. 10% 2Pt. 20% 3 Pts. 30% (ID) 5.1 and 5.2 Regional Materials 1 Pt. 10% 2 Pts. 20% 3Pts. 40% (ID) Reduce or eliminate water pollution by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, eliminating sources of contaminants, and removing pollutants from stormwater runoff. Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas) to minimize impact on microclimate and human and wildlife habitat. Divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Reuse building materials in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and to reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources. Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials. Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation. Innovation in Design (ID) 1.1-1.4 To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded points for exceptional performance use in any of 5 water efficiency credits PICP systems can be designed to infiltrate all stormwater on site. Water that is infiltrated on site is considered 100% treated. All PICP s reduce the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in captured water. Calstone offers high albedo colors that reduce heat absorption. Lighter colored pavements aid in improving night time visibility and reduce site lighting requirements. 100% of the materials used in a PICP system are recyclable, and 100% of Calstone packaging materials are recyclable. All shipping pallets, excess paving stones, cut & scrap stones, and base & bedding materials, can be returned directly to Calstone for on-site recycling. Paving stones, and most of the components in a PICP system, are completely reusable. A PICP can be removed and replaced in the original or new layout with little to no additional material required. Calstone is constantly active in research and development of mix designs using recycled materials. Special high recycled content custom mix designs are available. Many of these designs offer additional performance advantages. All Calstone manufacturing facilities service the same area within a 500 mile radius. Over 99% of the materials used in our paving stones are sourced within a 500 mile radius. Additional points as noted above for exemplary performance SS 7.1, MR 2.2, 3.2, 4.2, and 5.2 Useful Links: www.usgbc.org. For more detail see ICPI Tech Spec 16 Achieving LEED Credits with Segmental Concrete Pavement at www.icpi.org.
Sustainable Sites Storm Water Design Credits Permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) is a type of pervious paving that can capture & store stormwater thereby reducing or eliminating stormwater runoff. The subterranean storage system, comprised of open graded aggregates, filters out suspended solids and promotes growth of microorganisms that break down pollutants. The design team has options on how to handle the harvested & treated stormwater. Some of the options are; A) Allow all water to infiltrate the subsoils beneath the system and enter the ground water system 100% treated, B) Direct the water to storage systems for other uses on site, or C) Filter and cool the water through the system and control its release rate to the storm drain system. SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design: Quantity Control Limit disruption of natural water hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, reducing or eliminating pollution from stormwater runoff, and eliminating contaminants. CASE 1 EXISTING IMPERVIOUSNESS IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 50% Implement a stormwater management plan that prevents the post-development peak discharge rate and quantity from exceeding the pre-development peak discharge rate and quantity for the one- and two-year 24-hour design storms. OR Implement a stormwater management plan that protects receiving stream channels from excessive erosion by implementing a stream channel protection strategy and quantity control strategies. OR CASE 2 EXISTING IMPERVIOUSNESS IS GREATER THAN 50% Implement a stormwater management plan that results in a 25% decrease in the volume of stormwater runoff from the two-year 24-hour design storm. Design the project site to maintain natural stormwater flows by promoting infiltration. Specify vegetated roofs, pervious paving, and other measures to minimize impervious surfaces. Reuse stormwater volumes generated for non-potable uses such as landscape irrigation, toilet and urinal flushing and custodial uses. Runoff coefficient, C (imperviousness) Conventional design Impervious area (sf) LEED design with PICP & grid pavement Impervious area, PICP & grid pavement Surface Area (sf) Asphalt Pavement 14,000 0.95 13,300 2000 1900 Concrete Pavement 0.95-0 Conventional Roof 8,000 0.95 7,600 8000 7600 Sample PICP 0.25-11600 2900 Grid Pavement 0.40-400 160 Total Paved Surface Area 22,000 20,900 22,000 12,560 Total Site Area 40,000 40,000 40000 Site Imperviousness Before 52% After 31% If Site Imperviousness is >50%, reduciton in strom water runoff >25% 40% If Site Imperviousness is <50%, reduciton in strom water runoff >0% NA exceeds min of 25% exceeds min of 0%
SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design: Quality Control Limit disruption and pollution of natural water flows by managing stormwater runoff. Implement a stormwater management plan that reduces impervious cover, promotes infiltration, and captures and treats the stormwater runoff from 90% of the average annual rainfall1 using acceptable best management practices (BMPs). BMPs used to treat runoff must be capable of removing 80% of the average annual post development total suspended solids (TSS) load based on existing monitoring reports. BMPs are considered to meet these criteria if (1) they are designed in accordance with standards and specifications from a state or local program that has adopted these performance standards, or (2) there exists in-field performance monitoring data demonstrating compliance with the criteria. Data must conform to accepted protocol (e.g., Technology Acceptance Reciprocity Partnership [TARP], Washington State Department of Ecology) for BMP monitoring. Use alternative surfaces (e.g., vegetated roofs, pervious pavement or grid pavers) and nonstructural techniques (e.g., rain gardens, vegetated swales, disconnection of imperviousness, rainwater recycling) to reduce imperviousness and promote infiltration thereby reducing pollutant loadings. Use sustainable design strategies (e.g., Low Impact Development, Environmentally Sensitive Design) to design integrated natural and mechanical treatment systems such as constructed wetlands, vegetated filters, and open channels to treat stormwater runoff. 1 In the United States, there are three distinct climates that influence the nature and amount of rainfall occurring on an annual basis. Humid watersheds are defined as those that receive at least 40 inches of rainfall each year, Semi-arid watersheds receive between 20 and 40 inches of rainfall per year, and Arid watersheds receive less than 20 inches of rainfall per year. For this credit, 90% of the average annual rainfall is equivalent to treating the runoff from: (a) Humid Watersheds 1 inch of rainfall; (b) Semi-arid Watersheds 0.75 inches of rainfall; and (c) Arid Watersheds 0.5 inches of rainfall.
SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof Calstone manufactures paving stones in high albedo stock colors with a high solar reflective index (SRI), greater than 29, to reduce heat island effect. Custom colors are also available. Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas) to minimize impact on microclimate and human and wildlife habitat. OPTION 1 Provide any combination of the following strategies for 50% of the site hardscape (including roads, sidewalks, courtyards and parking lots): Shade (within 5 years of occupancy) Paving materials with a Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)2 of at least 29 Open grid pavement system OR OPTION 2 Place a minimum of 50% of parking spaces under cover (defined as under ground, under deck, under roof, or under a building). Any roof used to shade or cover parking must have an SRI of at least 29. Shade constructed surfaces on the site with landscape features and utilize high-reflectance materials for hardscape. Consider replacing constructed surfaces (i.e. roof, roads, sidewalks, etc.) with vegetated surfaces such as vegetated roofs and open grid paving or specify high-albedo materials to reduce the heat absorption. Shade (5years), Paving SRI >28, Open Grid Pavement Hardscape Surfaces Area (sf) Roads 14,000 14,000 Sidewalks Courtyards 8,000 4,000 Parking lots Sample Other Total Hardscape Surface 22,000 18,000 Percentage Of Harscape Surface Meeting Heat Island Effect Requirments 82% Meets Minimum 2 The Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) is a measure of the constructed surface s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. It is defined so that a standard black (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100. To calculate the SRI for a given material, obtain the reflectance value and emittance value for the material. SRI is calculated according to ASTM E 1980-01. Reflectance is measured according to ASTM E 903, ASTM E 1918, or ASTM C 1549. Emittance is measured according to ASTM E 408 or ASTM C 1371. Default values for some materials will be available in the LEED-NC v2.2 Reference Guide.
MR Credit 2.1: Construction Waste Management: Divert 50% From Disposal Calstone Concrete Paving Stones are modular. Because most paving stone patterns are laid out to minimize cutting, there is little or no waste at the job site. We encourage the paving contractors to bring these unused pavers back to our plant. If the pavers are undamaged, we can use them for another project. If they are damaged, we can recycle them through one of the Calstone concrete recycling plants to create an aggregate used to produce new concrete products. We estimate that this reusability and recyclability of the pavers will keep millions of pounds of material out of landfills. Calstone recycles all scrap concrete generated on site and exports no concrete to landfills. We ship our pavers on wooden pallets. We charge the paving contractor a deposit on each pallet so that they will return them to us for reuse. Recycling the pallets from your job will keep more waste out of landfills. Calstone also repairs damaged shipping pallets at our manufacturing sites to reduce the negative environmental effects of transporting damaged pallets out for repair. All products and shipping materials from Calstone are recyclable. Divert construction, demolition and land-clearing debris from disposal in landfills and incinerators. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites. Recycle and/or salvage at least 50% of non-hazardous construction and demolition debris. Develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or comingled. Excavated soil and land-clearing debris do not contribute to this credit. Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout. Establish goals for diversion from disposal in landfills and incinerators and adopt a construction waste management plan to achieve these goals. Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, acoustical tile, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area(s) on the construction site for segregated or comingled collection of recyclable materials, and track recycling efforts throughout the construction process. Identify construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designated materials. Note that diversion may include donation of materials to charitable organizations and salvage of materials on-site. MR Credit 2.2: Construction Waste Management: Divert 75% From Disposal in addition to MR Credit 2.1
MR Credit 3.1: Materials Reuse: 5% Calstone Paving stones, and the base materials beneath them, can be reused, reducing the demand for virgin materials and reducing disposal impacts. This credit would only be applicable to sites having existing concrete paving stone surfaces that needed to be removed for redevelopment. It s important to realize that by designing with concrete pavers, if and when, the pavement ever needs to be removed, everything in the pavement structure can be recycled or reused, eliminating any material that would have to be taken to a waste disposal site. Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and to reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources. Use salvaged, refurbished or reused materials such that the sum of these materials constitutes at least 5%, based on cost, of the total value of materials on the project. Mechanical, electrical and plumbing components and specialty items such as elevators and equipment shall not be included in this calculation. Only include materials permanently installed in the project. Furniture may be included, providing it is included consistently in MR Credits 3 7. Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into building design and research potential material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry and furniture, brick and decorative items. MR Credit 3.2: Materials Reuse: 10% in addition to MR Credit 3.1 Application of Credits MR 3.1 and 3.2 A material salvaged during a building renovation can be applied to this credit only if it can no longer serve its original function and has been reprocessed and installed for a different use. An example would be crushing salvaged concrete pavers for reuse as pavement base material. However, on a project where an existing building is being demolished or deconstructed the material salvaged and installed on the new site can be used to comply to this credit. Documentation To calculate the percentage of salvaged material, list all of the salvaged materials and their costs. If the cost of the salvaged material is below market value, use the replacement cost. For example, salvaged concrete pavers may be purchased for $.50/ft 2 ($5.38/m 2 ) and new pavers would cost $2.50/ft 2 ($26.90/m 2 ). For this credit, use the new cost in the following salvage calculation: % Salvage Rate = Market value of salvage materials if purchased new / Total project material costs For example, total material costs on a project are $1,600,000 (excluding labor and equipment costs). Existing concrete pavers on the site are salvaged and reused for a 35,000 ft 2 (3,500 m 2 ) parking lot at a potential new cost of $2.50/ft 2 ($26.90/m 2 ). The market value of new replacement material is $87,500. Therefore, 5.4% of the materials costs are spared through salvaging and reuse. This qualifies for one point. An additional point is earned if other salvaged materials from the project are added to this to bring this calculation to over 10%.
MR Credit 4.1: Recycled Content: 10% (post-consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer) Calstone Company uses mix designs incorporating recycled material in our paving stones. The recycled material reduces the impacts of mining virgin materials. Concrete is recycled at each of our plants. Post-consumer or pre-consumer determination is dependent on the origin of the material. We can manipulate the recycled content to create specialized mix designs on a custom order basis to meet individual job requirements. Calstone Portable Recycling Center Sunnyvale Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials. Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of the pre-consumer content constitutes at least 10% (based on cost) of the total value of the materials in the project. The recycled content value of a material assembly shall be determined by weight. The recycled fraction of the assembly is then multiplied by the cost of assembly to determine the recycled content value. Mechanical, electrical and plumbing components and specialty items such as elevators shall not be included in this calculation. Only include materials permanently installed in the project. Furniture may be included, providing it is included consistently in MR Credits 3 7. Recycled content shall be defined in accordance with the International Organization of Standards document, ISO 14021 Environmental labels and declarations Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labeling). Post-consumer material is defined as waste material generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as end-users of the product, which can no longer be used for its intended purpose. Pre-consumer material is defined as material diverted from the waste stream during the manufacturing process. Excluded is reutilization of materials such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a process and capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it. Establish a project goal for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are installed. Consider a range of environmental, economic and performance attributes when selecting products and materials.
MR Credit 4.2: Recycled Content: 20% (post-consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer) in addition to MR Credit 4.1 USGBC LEED NC Version 2.2 MR Credits 4.1-4.2: Recycled Content The following worksheet can be used to calculate the recycled content per batch of concrete paver units. Recycled Materials Sample Totals Virgin Materials Pre-consumer Post-Consumer Component: Weight Lbs Weight Lbs % Weight Lbs % Lbs % Sand 0 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Course Agg 0 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Portland cement 700 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 700 11.9% Slag 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Recycled Aggregates 5200 88.1% 0 0.0% 5200 88.1% Other 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Total 5900 100.0% Both of these percentages pre-consumer 88.1% 0.0% post-consumer. Total percent of recycled materials 44.1% Total cost for concrete pavers for project $ 20,000 Total Dollars that contribute to the recycled amount $ 8,814
MR Credit 5.1: Regional Materials: 10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally Credits are available when given percentages of all building materials are manufactured, and the raw materials are sourced, within a 500-mile radius. Our manufacturing plants are located throughout Northern California allowing us a large area to ship and service our projects. Over 99% of the materials used in our paving stones are sourced within a 500 mile radius of our Northern California service area. Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation. Use building materials or products that have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 500 miles of the project site for a minimum of 10% (based on cost) of the total materials value. If only a fraction of a product or material is extracted/harvested/recovered and manufactured locally, then only that percentage (by weight) shall contribute to the regional value. Mechanical, electrical and plumbing components and specialty items such as elevators and equipment shall not be included in this calculation. Only include materials permanently installed in the project. Furniture may be included, providing it is included consistently in MR Credits 3 7. Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials, and identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed. Consider a range of environmental, economic and performance attributes when selecting products and materials. MR Credit 5.2: Regional Materials: 20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally in addition to MR Credit 5.1 Calstone s four manufacturing facilities
USGBC LEED NC Version 2.2 MR Credits 5.1-5.2: Regional Materials The following worksheet can be used to calculate the percentage cost of regional materials. Sample Mix Design Regional Component: Address Weight Lbs Weight Lbs % Cemex - MCP Cement Davenport, California 700 700 12.1% Cemex - Elliot Sand Pleasanton, California 3550 3550 61.5% Black Butte - Black Cinders Shingletow n, California 1000 1000 17.3% Clear Lake Lava - Red Cinders Clear Lake Oaks, California 500 500 8.7% Hanson - Permanente Granite Cupertino, California 0 0 0.0% Recycled Aggregates 0 0 0.0% Rockwood - Color Oxide China 19.24 0 0.0% Slag 0 0 0.0% Total 5769 5750 Percent of Regional Materials used for manufacturing CMU 99.7% Total cost for CMU delivered to the job $ 11,362.78 Total cost of materials that have been extracted and manufactured within 500 miles $ 11,324.89
Innovation & Design Process ID Credit 1 1.4: Innovation in Design 1 4 Points To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded points for exceptional performance above the requirements set by the LEED-NC Green Building Rating System and/or innovative performance in Green Building categories not specifically addressed by the LEED-NC Green Building Rating System. Credit 1.1 (1 point) In writing, identify the intent of the proposed innovation credit, the proposed requirement for compliance, the proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance, and the design approach (strategies) that might be used to meet the requirements. Credit 1.2 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1 Credit 1.3 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1 Credit 1.4 (1 point) Same as Credit 1.1 Substantially exceed a LEED-NC performance credit such as energy performance or water efficiency. Apply strategies or measures that demonstrate a comprehensive approach and quantifiable environment and/or health benefits. You can collect up to 4 Innovation and Design Process Credits. These credits are awarded to projects that significantly exceed the requirements of existing LEED credits. Several of the possibilities are outlined in this document. They are also awarded to innovative strategies that are not recognized elsewhere in the LEED system Please don t hesitate to contact us if we can help you design your next LEED project. (408) 984-8800 or www.calstone.com