Final Conference 19/10/2012 Advanced systems for the enhancement of the environmental performance of WINEries in Cyprus Ioannou Lida Chemical Engineer University of Cyprus GAIA Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus - Copyright 2010. All rights reserved.
The environmental impact of winery waste and wastewater is noticeable, due to: the high organic load, the large volumes and the pronounced seasonal variability Solid waste: (grape marc, filter waste, wastewater sludge after drying) Greenhouse gas and alcohol emissions Odour Soil and surface contamination Can be treated as Animal feed or compost
Winery wastewater: (Vinasse period) Reduce presence of O 2 in watercourses Eutrophication of water sources (e.g. natural streams, rivers, dams and wetlands) Salinity
Water consumption: Water is used to Clean Sterilize winery equipment As coolant
Energy Consumption: Winemaking requires significant energy inputs for: grapes crushing, must pressing, juice filtering, cooling/heating of fermentation tanks, and wine bottling.
Air emissions: Grape juice fermentation produces: CO 2, amyl-alcohol, n-propanol, isobutanol and esters
Winery wastewater Biological treatments Physicochemical treatments Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Heterogeneous
Sequential Batch Reactor SBR MBR??? Source: http://www.3rtechnology.in Membrane Bioreactor Source: www.territorioscuola.com
UV Η 2 Ο 2 /UV Electrochemical oxidation O 3 /H 2 O 2 /UV O 3 /UV HO E 0 =2.80 V Ultrasound Wet air oxidation Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 /UV TiO 2 /UV
Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous
Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous
Solar Fenton SBR and MBR effluent Addition of Iron solution Addition of H 2 O 2 Irradiation of the system (time zero)
October 2010 The COD level of the wastewater effluent before the biological treatment was 37300 mg/l O 2 which reduced to 267 mg/l O 2 after the SBR treatment. This is an approval for the reduction of the organic strength through the biological treatment.
1. Optimum concentrations of catalyst (Fe 2+ ) and oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) 2. Optimum ph (2-2.9-4) 3. Optimum T (15 25-40 o C) 4. %COD removal, %DOC removal 5. Total phenols and color removal Heterogeneous 1. Optimum concentrations of catalyst (Fe SBA-15 ) and oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) 2. Optimum ph (2.8-8) 3. Optimum T (23-40 o C) 4. %COD removal, %DOC removal 5. Total phenols removal
Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 5 mg/l Oxidant: 500 mg/l % COD removal 69 % Optimum ph 2.9-3.0 Optimum T T % COD removal % Total phenols removal 71 % % DOC removal 48 % % Color removal 53 %
Heterogeneous
Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous
Preliminary treatment (screening, equalization / balancing tank, ph adjustment) Biological Treatment (pre-aeration /nitrification, membrane reactor, storage / irrigation tank) Advanced Oxidation Process (compound parabolic collectors) Storage tank Biological treatment Preliminary treatment Balance tank Solar pilot plant
December 2011 Parameters WW after MBR ph 8.6 COD (mg/l) 56 BOD 5 (mg/l) <5 TSS (mg/l) 3 TN (mg/l) 5 TP (mg/l) 0.5 Fats and Oils (mg/l) 0.3 The COD level of the wastewater effluent before the biological treatment was 4950 mg/l O 2 which reduced to 56 mg/l O 2 after the MBR treatment. This is an approval for the reduction of the organic strength through the biological treatment.
Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 3 mg/l Oxidant: 250 mg/l % COD removal 70 % Optimum ph 2.9-3.0 Optimum T T % COD removal % DOC removal 53 % % Color removal 75 %
Toxicity Daphnia magna Sinapis alba Phytotoxicity Lepidium sativum Sorghum saccharatum
D. magna species Standard deviation < 4% in all 100% SBR MBR 53% 45% 46.7% 0% Toxicity to D. magna reduced with treatment
Phytotoxicity Inhibition SBR effluent MBR effluent Seed germination 10-15% 0-6.7% Shoot 38-91% 1.5-47% Root 19-61% 12-45%
Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous
Min operating volume: 60 L Irradiated volume: 21.37 L Max volume: 100 L 35 o OPERATING SYSTEM reservoir tank centrifugal pump air diffuser reagents tanks flow meters piping and valves CPCs collectors control panel
Semi-pilot scale Parameter MBR effluent ph (20 o C) 7.80-8.50 Total Solids (mg L -1 ) 1800-2130 Suspended Solids (mg L -1 ) 7-12 Total Nitrogen (mg L -1 ) 1-1.6 COD (mg L -1 ) 89-190 Soluble BOD 5 (mg L -1 ) <5 March - May 2012 Total Phosphorous (mg L -1 ) 0.2-0.38 Fats and oils (mg L -1 ) 0.2
Photolysis 12 % Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 3 mg/l Oxidant: 500 mg/l % COD removal 85 % % DOC removal 68 % % Color removal 92% Toxicity Phyto-toxicity Decrease to zero (240 min) Decrease
Solar Fenton Bench scale Semi-pilot scale Industrial scale SBR treatment MBR treatment MBR treatment WWW before any biological treatment MBR treatment Heterogeneous
Irradiated volume: 85.4 L Compound parabolic collectors Feed pump Max volume: 250 L Air blower Tank OPERATING SYSTEM reservoir tank centrifugal pump air diffuser piping and valves CPCs collectors control panel
Photolysis 4.8 % Optimum [Fe 2+ ] & [H 2 O 2 ] Catalyst: 3 mg/l Oxidant: 500 mg/l % COD removal 84 % % DOC removal 58 % % Color removal 82% Toxicity Phyto-toxicity Decrease to zero (180 min) Decrease
Production of large volumes of winery wastewater need treatment Biological treatment good solution for organic load removal of www Chemical oxidation - for complete mineralization Combined biological + AOPs, proved to be promising alternative Optimization of bench semi-pilot industrial scale
Thank you for your attention