Grain: World Markets and Trade

e 218 Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Grain: World Markets and Trade 3 28 26 24 Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa Now Top Wheat Importers MMT 22 2 18 16 14 12 1 Southeast Asia Sub-Saharan Africa North Africa Middle East Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are forecast to be the two largest wheat importing regions after continued growth over the last decade. Both regions have developed a fondness for diets that include more wheat, which has been driving import demand. The fast growth of imports by Southeast Asia has also been fueled by increased utilization of wheat in feed rations, while Sub-Saharan Africa s growth is mainly supported by rapid population growth and urbanization. Historically, North Africa and the Middle East were the largest regions for global wheat imports. In the last decade, however, consumption in those regions has not grown as rapidly as in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In specifically, both North Africa and the Middle East are forecast to have lower wheat imports due to bumper crops in key importing countries. North Africa s imports are expected lower based on higher production in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Imports for the Middle East are forecast down as lower demand from Turkey is expected to more than offset higher imports elsewhere. Turkey s import demand is down based on a bumper crop, ample stocks, and lower re-exports of wheat flour. This shifting global trade dynamic impacts on the competition between global wheat exporters. The and have become the world s leading wheat suppliers, taking advantage of their large supplies, competitive pricing, as well as geographical proximity to major markets in Africa and the Middle East. In years when those exporters have bumper crops, they even extend their reach to Southeast Asian markets. Historically, Australia,, and the are the major exporters of milling wheat to Southeast Asia. Ukraine has expanded its exports to the region as well, becoming a major supplier of feed-quality wheat. In recent years, has shipped wheat to Southeast Asia as well as Africa as its prices are very competitive in peak export months (December-March). Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA For email subscription, click here to register: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/usdafas/subscriber/new

Table of Contents World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data Wheat... 3 Rice... 6 Coarse Grains... 9 Selected Data Tables... 12 Endnotes... 38 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12: p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:1 p.m. To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online): scroll down to Reports, and Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains. FAS Reports and Databases: Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Archives World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online) Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports) Export Sales Report Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports) Other USDA Reports: World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) Economic Research Service National Agricultural Statistics Service Page 2 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 e 218

OVERVIEW FOR WHEAT Global production is lowered this month, mainly in. Global trade is forecast lower as reduced imports for India more than offset an increase for Venezuela. Exports are projected lower for and Mexico but higher for the. The U.S. season-average farm price is raised $.1 to $.1 per bushel. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 For 217/18, global production is up marginally this month to a record. Global trade is forecast higher as imports for Iraq, Turkey, and Venezuela more than offset reductions in Indonesia and Yemen. Exports are projected down for and the but higher once again for. The U.S. season-average farm price is raised $. to $4.7 per bushel. WHEAT PRICES Domestic: U.S. wheat prices for the month of were mixed. Prices for Soft Red Winter (SRW) fell $4/ton to $226, while Soft White Winter (SWW) declined $/ton to $228. Hard Red Spring (HRS) dropped $13/ton to $289, pressured by beneficial rainfall in the Northern Plains. Hard Red Winter (HRW) gained $7/ton to $24 as quality and yield in the ongoing harvest remain variable. U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids $/MT 38 36 34 32 28 26 24 22 2 18 16 HRW SRW SWW HRS Wheat Page 3 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 e 218

Global: Overall, exporter prices were up ending in, except for the Black Sea region which declined for the first time in several months. Concerns over drier conditions in some of the wheat growing areas of Australia, Black Sea, EU, and the continue to support prices. quotes are higher than Australia and the this month, which signals tight supplies. Black Sea milling and EU quotes remain competitive. Month Ending Australia Black Sea EU US $26 $263 $211 $21 $24 April $234 $246 $214 $27 $247 March $222 $229 $29 $2 $23 Month Ending Prices for Major Wheat Exporters Source: IGC *Note on FOB prices: - 12.%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Fremantle, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Black Seamilling; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.% gulf 28 International Daily FOB Export Bids 26 24 22 $/ton 2 18 16 14 Australia Black Sea milling EU Wheat Page 4 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 e 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason India Imports -1, Government increased wheat duty to 3% Mexico Exports 1, 8-2 Smaller crop Exports 36, 3, -1, Smaller production Exports 2, 26, 1, Less competition from Venezuela Imports 1,2 1, Adjustment of the previous year TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Exports 14, 14, - Pace of trade Indonesia Imports 12, 1 - Slowing imports Iraq Imports 3,8 4, Strong import demand Exports 39, 4, 1, Continued rapid exports Turkey Imports 6, 6, Pace of trade Exports 24, 23, - Slow pace of exports Venezuela Imports 1,2 1, Pace of trade Yemen Imports 3,4 3, - Slow pace of trade Wheat Page Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA e 218

$/MT RICE OVERVIEW FOR Global rice production is lower this month, with a large decline in s production. Global consumption and ending stocks are also down. Global trade remains at record levels with higher imports for Egypt. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global rice production is up marginally this month to a record. Global trade is forecast down with lower imports for Bangladesh more than offsetting higher imports for Indonesia. Exports are lowered for India but raised for. RICE PRICES Global: U.S. FOB export quotes for long-grain milled rice (bagged) remained at $62/ton from last month. Uruguayan quotes also went unchanged at $22/ton. Thai quotes declined this month to $437/ton. Vietnamese and Pakistani quotes remained higher than Thai but were lowered to $46/ton and $439/ton, respectively. Demand from Indonesia,, and Malaysia continues to keep Vietnamese and Pakistani quotes high. Meanwhile, Indian quotes remained little changed at $414/ton. 6 Weekly FOB Export Quotes 6 4 4 3 6/1/214 6/1/21 6/1/216 6/1/217 6/1/218 Thailand Vietnam India Pakistan Uruguay *Note on FOB prices: - #2/4 (long grain), Vietnam - %, Uruguay - %, Thailand - B, India - %, Pakistan R I C E Page 6 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 e 218

TMT MMT MARKET FEATURE Bangladesh Reinstates Import Tariff The forecast for Bangladesh rice imports was lowered to 1.2 MMT for 218 in response to tariff policy changes. The government announced the reinstatement of a 2 percent import tariff, coupled with a 3 percent supplementary tariff, effective e 7, 218. The combined 28 percent tariff on rice imports was lowered to 2 percent in 217 after flooding caused major crop losses, spurring a surge in imports. 2. 2. 1. 1. Bangladesh imports rice to supplement its domestic production. Over the last 1 years, imports have fluctuated dramatically from year to year, with 217 being the largest during that time. After the crop losses in 217,. domestic prices spiked. In. an effort to curb rising rice prices and bolster stock levels, the government reduced the tariff to 1 percent in e 217 and then further lowered the tariff to 2 percent in August 217. Consequently, imports more than doubled from e to July and increased by almost a third from August to September. India, Vietnam, and Burma were the first to supply rice under the lower tariff, but India eventually became the dominant supplier. Thailand gradually started exporting, becoming the second-largest supplier, while Pakistan exported a small amount during that time. 4 2 Bangladesh Annual Rice Imports Bangladesh Monthly Rice Imports Jan Feb Mar Apr Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 217 218 India Burma Pakistan Thailand Vietnam Imports have declined in 218 so far but are still above last year under the higher tariff. According to the government, domestic prices of paddy have been lower than the cost of production for local farmers this season. The Bangladeshi Finance Minister said that the tariff had to be restored to raise prices in order to keep rice farmers interested in growing rice in the next season. Rice is the primary staple in Bangladesh; although, wheat consumption has been rising in recent years. R I C E Page 7 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 e 218

TRADE CHANGES IN 219 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Governtment-imposed production restrictions Egypt Imports 2 4 2 necessitate higher imports TRADE CHANGES IN 218 (1, MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Bangladesh Imports 1,8 1,2-6 Import duty reinstated on rice Indonesia Imports 1,8 2 Continued strong purchases Exports 7 8 Strong export pace India Exports 13,2 12,8-4 Reduction in exports to Bangladesh R I C E Page 8 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 e 218

OVERVIEW FOR COARSE GRAINS Global corn production is lower this month primarily driven by a smaller crop for. Global trade is forecast lower with smaller imports for Iran and Vietnam, where is a major supplier. The U.S. season-average farm price is raised $.1 per bushel to $3.9. OVERVIEW FOR 217/18 Global corn production is down this month primarily driven by a smaller second crop (safrinha) in. Global trade is marginally changed as larger exports for the offset reductions for and Ukraine. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $3.4 per bushel. CORN PRICES Global: Corn prices dropped sharply from the previous WASDE. Argentine bids declined $17/ton to $174, and ian bids were down $7/ton to $186 largely driven by depreciation of their currencies. Losses in were limited with deteriorating prospects for its second crop corn. Black Sea bids were down $17/ton to $188 on weak foreign demand. U.S. bids were down $19/ton to $176 reflecting improved weather conditions across the Midwest and barge logistics in the upper Mississippi river. 21 Corn Daily FOB Export Bids 2 19 18 $/MT 17 16 1 14 Up River Black Sea Paranagua US Gulf Coarse Grains Page 9 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 e 218

MARKET FEATURE: U.S. Corn s Advantage in Peru Recedes in the Short Term Peru corn imports from the world have more than doubled over the past decade, supported by growing demand primarily for poultry feed. For the past several years, U.S. corn has maintained the lion s share supported by the U.S. and Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA), which established a tariff-rate quota and exempted U.S. corn from Peru s price band system. U.S. corn within the quota is duty-free, and over-quota imports are subject to a lower levy, which is reduced over the 12-year implementation period. Percent 3 3 2 2 1 1 U.S.-Peru TPA on Corn 2 2 tons Corn imports into Peru from all other origins are TRQ US imports Tariff (%) also duty-free. However, non-u.s. corn is subject to Peru s price band system 1, which uses * US imports for Jan Mar the average of the past 6-month prices in selected international markets. In addition, a reference price is determined based on observed prices in international markets during the preceding month. When imports enter below the reference price, a variable levy is assessed to ensure that imports meet the floor price. In 218, prices in the global market have moved up on concerns over tighter exportable supplies in and. Likewise, Peru s reference price has steadily inched up to the floor price. Starting in March, there is no variable levy on non-u.s. corn. Typically, the variable levy on non-u.s. corn has been greater than the tariff reduction applied to U.S. corn. Over-quota U.S. corn is assessed a 4.17 percent duty in 218, and would face competition in the short term, primarily from. Without this price advantage, quality preferences and logistics -- including transportation -- could play a bigger role in purchasing decisions. When the TPA is fully implemented at the start of 22, all U.S. imports will be dutyfree, potentially enhancing the competitiveness of U.S. corn. 1 https://www.mef.gob.pe/contenidos/servicios_web/conectamef/pdf/normas_legales_212/nl216328.pdf USD per ton 4 Peru's Price Band System 3 2 2 1 31-Jan-1 31-Jan-16 31-Jan-17 31-Jan-18 tons 2 2 Peru Corn Imports from the World Floor Price Ceiling Price Reference Price Forecast Coarse Grains Page 1 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 e 218

TRADE CHANGES IN (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Algeria Corn Imports, 4,8-2 Adjustment based on the previous year Barley Exports 2, 2,8 Larger crop Sorghum Imports 1, 4,7 Expected demand for competitively priced 3,6 feed grains European Union Barley Exports 7, 6,8-2 Smaller crop in Germany Iran Corn Imports 9, 8, - Tighter supplies in, a top supplier Japan Sorghum Imports 6 Return to the recent historical level for U.S. -8 sorghum Libya Barley Imports 1, 7 - Adjustment based on the previous year Mexico Sorghum Imports Return to the recent historical level for U.S. -1, sorghum Corn Exports 7,, - Smaller crop Ukraine Barley Exports 4, 3, - Smaller crop Sorghum Exports 4,2,4 1,2 Expected demand from Vietnam Corn Imports 11, 1, Tighter second-crop corn supplies in -1, and smaller exports by TRADE CHANGES IN 217/18 (1, MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Algeria Corn Imports 4,7 4,4 - Slower pace from Ukraine Australia Barley Exports,8 6,2 4 Stronger pace based on trade data Corn Exports 29, 28, -1, Smaller second crop and slower pace Sorghum Imports 4, 4,8 Expected return with removal of the antidumpting duty India Barley Imports -2 Slower pace based on trade data Japan Corn Imports 1, 1,2 2 Stronger pace based on trade data Kuwait Barley Imports 2 4 2 Large purchases from Libya Barley Imports 1, 7-2 Slower pace Mexico Sorghum Imports 1, 2-7 Slower pace Ukraine Barley Exports 4,9 4, -4 Smaller crop Corn Exports 2, 19, - Slower pace Corn Exports 7, 8, Record monthly exports in April and strong 1, sales for Sorghum Exports 6,,8 Slow shipments in and Outstanding -4 Sales lower than a year ago Note: Sri Lanka is added to the PSD system for corn with data going back to 2. Coarse Grains Page 11 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 e 218

All Grain Summary Comparison Million Metric Tons Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 216/17 217/18 Production (-) 62.8 47.4 49.7 7.1.7 6. 384.8 371. 36.6 Other 689.2 71.8 69. 479.6 482.6 48.9 693.6 663.8 69.8 72. 78.2 744.7 486.7 488.3 487.4 1,78.4 1,34.8 1,2.4 Domestic Consumption (-) 31.8 29.8 31.2 4.2 3.8 3.9 313.9 318. 317.9 Other 73. 711.8 716. 472. 477.6 481.4 722.7 74.8 768.1 734.8 741.6 747.2 476.7 481.4 48.3 1,36.6 1,64.3 1,86. Ending Stocks (-) 32.1 29.4 2.7 1. 1.2 1.3 8.3 3.4 4.1 Other 22.2 243. 24. 13.2 142.7 141.9 169.6 139.3 114.6 27.3 272.4 266.2 136.7 143.9 143.2 227.9 192.7 14.7 TY Imports (-) 3.3 4.2 3.7.8.9.9 1. 1.2 1.3 Other 17.9 176.3 18. 44.4 4.1 4.8 138.2 14.3 1.6 179.2 18. 183.7 4.2 46. 46.7 139.7 146. 11.9 TY Exports (-) 29. 23. 26. 3.4 3.2 3.3. 8. 3. Other 12.7 16.3 16.8 44.7 4. 46.2 8.9 91.8 12.6 182.2 183.8 186.8 48.1 48.7 49. 141.4 1.3 1.6 Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (-), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 e 218

World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade July/e Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 4,2 8,7 12,27 14, 13, 13, Australia 16,7 1,78 22,61 16, 17, 17, 24,883 22,118 2,23 22,8 23, 23, 83 729 748 1, 1,2 1,2 3,4 34,686 27,319 24, 29, 29, Kazakhstan,7 7,6 7,2 8, 8, 8, 22,8 2,43 27,89 4, 36, 3, Serbia 93 88 1,43 8 Turkey 4,13,6 6,177 6,2 6, 6, Ukraine 11,269 17,431 18,17 17,2 17, 17, 12,67 11,73 9,723 9,269 9,48 9,168 138,877 1,19 12,747 16,269 162,8 16,768 23,23 21,811 29,488 23, 2, 26, 161,9 172,6 182,23 183,769 187,8 186,768 TY Imports Afghanistan 2,7 2,7 2,6 3, 3, Algeria 7,27 8,13 8,414 8, 7, 7, Bangladesh 3,929 4,72,6 6,4 7, 7,,869,922 7,788 6,8 7, 7, 1,926 3,476 4,41 4, 4, 4, Colombia 1,627 2,32 2,11 1,9 Egypt 11, 11,92 11,236 1 12, 12,,979 6,916,286,,, Indonesia 7,477 1,4 1,176 1 12, 12, Iraq 2,23 2,218 2,446 4, 3,6 3,6 Japan,878,71,911 6,,8,8 Kenya 1,7 1,634 1,774 2, 2,4 2,4 Korea, South 3,942 4,42 4,667 4,4 4,6 4,6 Mexico 4,471 4,8,37,2,,6 Morocco 4,86 4,3,191 3, 3, 3, Nigeria 4,244 4,41 4,972,2,, Peru 1,922 1,879 1,961 2, 2, 2, Philippines,4 4,918,74,8,8,8 Saudi Arabia 3,499 2,931 3,716 3, 3,4 3,4 Sudan 2,632 2,21 2,48 2,6 2,7 2,7 Thailand 3,492 4,872 3,689 3, 3, 3, Turkey,96 4,4 4,42 6, 4, 4, Uzbekistan 2,23 2,662 2,7 3, 3,2 3,2 Vietnam 2,292 3,7,46 4,2 4, 4, Yemen 3,24 3,332 3,278 3, 3,4 3,4,743 1,92 4,24 2,976 6,31 4,81 14,814 16,64 17,8 176,276 181,181 18,1 Unaccounted 3,97 3,348 3,83 3,293 2,677 3,67 3,989 3,4 3,297 4,2 3,7 3,7 161,9 172,6 182,23 183,769 187,8 186,768 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 e 218

World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 19, 19, 18, 18,4 11, 13,93 24, 24, 21, 31,819 22,27 23,743 Australia 32, 32, 3, 32,14 27,647 29,442 129, 129, 129,77 128,84 13,19 126,28 8,4 8,4 8,4 8, 8, 8, Egypt 149,4 1,4 11,81 14,369 16,48 16,912 97, 9, 98,1 87, 86,3 9,8 India 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, Iran 14, 14, 14,82 14,98 13,748 12,996 Kazakhstan 8,2 8,2 7,92 2,731 8,64,116 Morocco 2, 2, 26,674 2,633 2,86 2,979 Pakistan 68, 7 84,992 72,29 61,44 9,8 2, 2, 21, 17,2 19, 1,2 Turkey 26, 26, 26,981 26,791 27,274 24,7 Ukraine 6, 6, 6,9 6,94 7,2 7,1 Uzbekistan 1,9 2,638,93 6,127 6,87,38 694,9 698,188 71,84 689,19 679,79 673,64 49,736 49,68 47,371 62,833 6,117,147 744,686 747,76 78,216 71,992 73,912 728,211 Total Consumption 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,3 1,2 1, Algeria 12,2 12,2 1 12,2 11, 1,7 9,6 9,6 9, 1,73 7,969 9,118 12, 12, 117, 118, 11 116, 2, 2, 19,7 19,4 19,2 19, Egypt 128, 129, 13,9 128, 129,8 124,677 98, 98, 9,834 97,12 88,1 93,12 India 12, 12, 11,6 1, 9, 7,36 Indonesia 17, 17, 16,9 16,7 16,6 16,4 Iran 1, 1, 1, 1,2 9,8 9, Morocco 2, 2, 2, 24, 24,4 24, Pakistan 39, 4 4, 4, 37, 3, 18, 18, 18, 17,4 18, 17, Turkey 9,6 9,6 9,9 1, 12,2 11, Ukraine 9,7 9,7 9,7 9, 9,3 8,9 Uzbekistan 174,933 174,496 17,21 168,239 16,88 14,123 719,681 722,673 713,347 77,12 678,93 672,749 31,216 31,217 29,828 31,73 31,942 31,328 7,897 73,89 743,17 738,9 71,89 74,77 Ending Stocks,36,23,46 6,96,178 7,11 138,619 138,619 126,819 111,49 97,42 76,1 1,474 1,474 13,74 1,893 1,7 12,697 12,33 1,34 13,23 9,8 14,4 17,22 India,426,426 4,776 4,44 6,86 4,281 Morocco,222,722 1,722 1,83,67 6,287 4,927 4,627 4,427 1,327 3,118 2,767 Turkey 8,14 7,896 64,4 69,849 69,792 72,29 24,422 238,33 242,972 22,198 217,69 198,748 2,737 2,977 29,398 32,131 26,2 2,477 266,19 264,33 272,37 27,329 244,242 219,22 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 e 218

Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 9,4 8,37 9,17 9,9 9,7 9,8 Central America 1,834 1,834 1,993 1,99 2,7 2,6 South America 13,217 13,437 16,276 1,61 16,26 16,6-28,979 6,916,286,,, Other Europe 1,76 1,838 1,986 1,87 1,87 1,9 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,678 7,42 7,338 8,17 8,72 8,7 Middle East 26,928 24,499 22,773 2,43 24,37 24,37 North Africa 2,43 27,873 28,334 26,8 26,27 26,27 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,894 22,81 22,13 2,79 27,17 27,9 East Asia 14,114 16,226 17,3 16,92 16,86 16,86 South Asia 8,164 8,823 1,469 11,146 13,691 12,171 Southeast Asia 2,76 2,483 27,761 27,79 28,83 28,8 3,22 3,147 3,28 3,49 3, 3, Total 18,83 168,68 179,12 18,476 184,881 183,71 Production North America 88,29 87,47 98,838 8,86 8,338 8,36 South America 24,87 21,61 28,83 2,137 27,64 27,64-28 16,912 16,48 14,369 11,81 1,4 149,4 Other Europe 4,88 4,39 4,749 4,139 4,93 4,93 Former Soviet Union - 12 112,38 117,92 13,87 142,216 127,44 123,74 Middle East 3,414 42,4 38,791 41,2 4,86 4,86 North Africa 17,29 19,976 14,81 19,246 21, 21, Sub-Saharan Africa 7,37 7,694 7,71 7,34 7,69 7,69 East Asia 127,673 131,469 13,19 131,9 13,383 13,31 South Asia 13,1 119,663 12,837 133,99 127,491 129,491 Oceania 24,17 22,689 32,278 21,99 24,46 24,46 187 199 181 136 131 131 Total 728,211 73,912 71,992 78,216 747,76 744,686 Domestic Consumption North America 47,296 46,911,46 46,78 48,717 48,616 South America 27,6 27,71 28,64 28,64 29,1 29,31-28 124,677 129,8 128, 13,9 129, 128, Other Europe 4,87 4,94,4,,14,1 Former Soviet Union - 12 74,98 77,7 78,6 84, 8,91 78,39 Middle East 7,27 8,91 9,61 6,3 6,73 6,83 North Africa 42,726 43,666 44, 4,7 4,77 4,77 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,14 29,144 29,837 32,294 33,864 33,794 East Asia 129,46 12,228 132,32 13,36 133,78 133,717 South Asia 132,399 128,91 139,22 139, 141,967 141,967 Southeast Asia 19,29 23,131 26,37 26,3 28,21 28,21 Oceania 8,64 8, 8,84 8,69 8,6 8,9 3,74 3,82 3,834 3,96 4,4 4,3 Total 699,363 78,197 734,76 741,633 7,313 747,249 Ending Stocks North America 28,29 32,39 39,913 3,624 31,98 31,663 South America 8,376 3,99 4,73 3,713 3,711 3,711-28 12,697 1,7 1,893 13,74 1,474 1,474 Other Europe 1,321 1,63 1,97 1,949 2,14 2,49 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,67 16,791 21,14 2,21 13,821 13,231 Middle East 2,24 22,118 18,81 17,966 14,962 1,231 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,91 14,162 1,72 1,77 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,979 3,789 2,94 3,34 3,319 3,244 East Asia 79,217,44 114,27 13,263 141,879 141,879 South Asia 23,19 21,26 16,66 2,263 16,44 18,448 Southeast Asia 3,921,413,87 6,77,697,62 Oceania 4,96 4,11,966,37 4,9,9 44 418 438 44 42 41 Total 219,22 244,242 27,329 272,37 264,33 266,19 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 e 218

World Rice Trade January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 31 27 392 4 4 4 Australia 323 16 187 32 32 32 89 641 94 8 7 7 Burma 1,73 1, 3,3 3, 3, 3, Cambodia 1,1 1, 1,1 1,2 1, 1, 262 368 1,173 1,6 1,8 1,8 21 27 369 Guyana 486 431 44 46 47 47 India 11,46 1,4 12,6 12,8 13, 13, Pakistan 4, 4, 3,642 4, 4, 4, Paraguay 371 7 6 6 163 198 17 16 17 16 Thailand 9,779 9,867 11,61 1, 11, 11, Uruguay 718 996 1,1 86 8 8 Vietnam 6,66,88 6,488 6,8 6,8 6,8 1,238 1,29 1,22 1,11 991 991 39,333 36,87 44,78 4,1 46,26 46,196 3,381 3,373 3,384 3,1 3, 3, 42,714 4,18 48,92 48,66 49,6 49,496 TY Imports Bangladesh 98 3 2,348 1,2 1, 1, Benin 4 4 2 6 6 363 786 74 6 7 7 Burkina 3 42 6 6 Cameroon 6 6 7 7,1 4,6,9,,, Cote d'ivoire 1,1 1, 1,3 1, 1,6 1,6 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Ghana 8 7 6 7 68 68 Guinea 42 6 7 77 8 8 Indonesia 1,3 1, 3 1,2 1,2 Iran 1, 1, 1, 1, Iraq 1, 93 1,6 1, 1,1 1,1 Japan 688 68 679 68 68 68 Kenya 4 67 7 7 7 Malaysia 1,1 823 9 9 1, 1, Mexico 719 731 91 8 88 88 Mozambique 7 62 71 72 7 7 Nepal 3 3 34 6 6 6 Nigeria 2, 2, 2, 2,6 3, 3, Philippines 8 1,2 1, 1, Saudi Arabia 1,61 1,26 1,19 1,2 1, 1, Senegal 99 98 1, 1,1 1,2 1,2 South Africa 912 94 1,4 1, 1, 1, United Arab Emirates 8 67 7 82 9 9 12,238 11,894 14,32 14,79 14,34 14,4 39,381 36,889 44,461 4,139 4,69 4,89 Unaccounted 2,76 2,23 2,844 2,671 2,991 2,71 77 768 787 8 82 8 42,714 4,18 48,92 48,66 49,6 49,496 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 217/18 is calendar year 218, 216/17 is calendar year 217, and so on. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 e 218

World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Milled Production Bangladesh 34, 34, 34,78 32,6 34,7 34,7 8,46 7,21 8,383 8,7 8,24 8,24 Burma 12,6 12,16 12,6 13,2 13,4 13,4 Cambodia 4,92 4,931,26,399,, 144,6 14,77 144,93 14,989 144, 142,2 India 1,482 14,48 19,698 11, 19, 19, Indonesia 3,6 36,2 36,88 37, 37, 37, Japan 7,849 7,67 7,78 7,86 7,6 7,6 Korea, South 4,241 4,327 4,197 3,972 3,8 3,8 Nepal 3,19 2,863 3,48 3,31 3,33 3,33 Nigeria 3,782 3,941 3,78 3,78 3,78 3,78 Pakistan 7,3 6,82 6,849 7, 7,4 7,4 Philippines 11,91 11, 11,686 12, 12,3 12,3 Thailand 18,7 1,8 19,2 2,37 21, 21,2 Vietnam 28,166 27,84 27,4 28,8 28,67 28,67 41,672 41,93 42,799 42,943 42,639 42,92 472,66 467,119 479,47 482,64 483,48 48,91 7,16 6,133 7,117,69 6,42 6,42 479,766 473,22 486,664 488,313 489, 487,33 Consumption and Residual Bangladesh 3, 3, 3, 3,2 3,6 3,6 7,92 7,9 8, 8, 8,1 8, Burma 1, 1,4 1, 9,9 9,9 9,9 Cambodia 3,9 3,9 4, 4, 4,2 4,2 14,334 14,799 141,448 142,7 14, 144, Egypt 4, 3,9 4, 4,4 4,2 4,4 India 98,244 93,68 9,776 97,3 98, 98,2 Indonesia 38, 37,8 37,8 38, 38,2 38,2 Japan 8,6 8,6 8, 8,4 8,4 8,4 Korea, South 4,197 4,212 4,76 4,87 4, 4, Nepal 3,77 3,33 4,1 3,91 3,93 3,93 Nigeria 6, 6,4 6, 6,7 6,9 6,9 Philippines 13, 12,9 12,9 13,2 13,4 13,4 Thailand 1, 9, 1 11,17 1, 1,2 Vietnam 2 22, 2 2 22,2 22,2 61,26 62,4 6,79 67,61 69,244 69,268 469,78 464,897 478,13 477,361 484,76 484,12 4,284 3,8 4,171 3,89 3,874 3,96 473,862 468,477 482,684 481,17 488,63 488,8 Ending Stocks Bangladesh 1,92 1,2 84 1, 1,99 1,6 69, 78, 86, 93,989 97,289 9,989 India 17,8 18,4 2, 2,2 18, 18, Indonesia 4,111 3,9 2,91 3,913 4,11 4,211 Japan 2,821 2,2 2,491 2,262 2,97 2,97 Philippines 2,41 2,11 1,996 2,496 2,46 2,46 Thailand 11,27 8,43 4,238 3,188 3,438 3,438 17,433 16,61 1,738 1,1 14,23 13,984 126,437 131,289 13,282 142,73 143,399 141,86 1,2 1,47 1,462 1,184 1,28 1,317 127,989 132,764 136,744 143,887 144,684 143,182 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 e 218

Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 1,838 1,8 2,61 2,7 2,8 2,11 Caribbean 1,14 1,19 1,131 1,18 1,26 1,26 South America 1,686 2,1 1,89 1,784 1,71 1,71 Other Europe 128 138 124 13 13 13 Former Soviet Union - 12 72 42 39 8 6 6 Middle East 6,464,683 6,39 6,4 6,78 6,78 North Africa 396 483 49 49 6 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,313 12,179 14,619 1,3 16,23 16,23 East Asia 6,686 6,97 7,28 7,14 7,14 7,14 South Asia 1,693 94 4,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 Southeast Asia,677 3,933 3,676,4 4,46 4,46 1,786 1,816 1,98 1,9 Total 4,138 37,67 4,248 4,994 46,1 46,74 Production North America 7,28 6,289 7,292,842 6,67 6,63 Caribbean 979 86 981 1,21 1,18 1,18 South America 16,783 1,633 16,698 16,677 16,42 16,42-28 1,94 2, 2,78 2,37 2,4 2,4 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,18 1,27 1,29 1,22 1,237 1,217 Middle East 2,24 2,392 2,284 2,446 2,36 2,36 North Africa 4,3 4,44 4,837 4,34 3,342 3,342 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,246 16,114 16,4 16,31 17,7 17,7 East Asia 19,486 16,179 19,674 16,23 18,688 16,388 South Asia 13,29 12,213 16,927 16,296 17,386 17,386 Southeast Asia 11,92 111,41 116,821 12,67 122,96 122,296 Total 479,766 473,22 486,664 488,313 489, 487,33 Domestic Consumption North America,17 4,87,44,91,186,218 Central America 1,196 1,296 1,299 1,28 1,3 1,3 Caribbean 2,29 1,97 2,66 2,133 2,233 2,233 South America 14,928 14,967 14,898 1,18 1,119 1,93-28 3,4 3, 3,6 3,6 3,7 3,7 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,3 1,498 1,1 1,9 1,634 1,634 Middle East 9, 8,449 8,788 8,94 9,8 9,8 North Africa 4,47 4,279 4,724 4,88 4,692 4,892 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,17 28,166 3,466 31,621 32,848 32,848 East Asia 16,4 16,433 17,818 19,14 161,12 16,12 South Asia 143,183 138,767 141,637 143,73 144,93 14,13 Southeast Asia 12,642 11,77 13,89 13,96 13,181 13,381 Total 471,78 466,12 476,74 481,419 48,698 48,34 Ending Stocks North America 1,717 1,62 1,634 1,374 1, 1,3 Central America 219 267 28 266 261 26 Caribbean 223 231 286 342 382 382 South America 2,211 1,61 1,81 1,941 1,81 1,813-28 1,11 1,183 1,183 1,17 1,174 1,174 Middle East 1,742 1,214 1,133 1,34 1,34 1,34 North Africa 924 924 1,426 1,326 66 66 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,342 2,822 2,66 2,326 2,3 2,3 East Asia 73,483 83,126 91,6 97,877,77 99,47 South Asia 21,31 21,76 23,16 23,667 21,793 21,398 Southeast Asia 21,36 17,973 11,819 12,171 12,644 12,844 Oceania 223 77 28 229 214 214 Total 127,989 132,764 136,744 143,887 144,684 143,182 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 e 218

World Coarse Grain Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 21,3 2,29 26,1 28, 3, 3,3 Australia 7,286 6,389 1,29 7,2 8,82 8,82 21,94 3,41 19,797 28,1 31,1 31,1 3,64 4,693,36,11 4,8 4,8 1,68 1,97 8,174 8, 8,8 8,6 Paraguay 3,31 2,663 1,767 2,1 2,1 2,1 9,1 8,46 9,28 1,26 13,6 11,6 Serbia 3,1 1,93 2,447 7 1, 1, South Africa 77 77 1,82 1,91 2,11 2,11 Ukraine 24,28 21,47 26,868 24,21 28,21 27,71 8,37 7,969 8,12 8,446 8,47 8,47 117,4 12,684 119,683 124,36 138,87 136,47 6,419 9,23 61,798 64,1 7,33 8,3 173,874 184,914 181,481 188,821 196,2 19, TY Imports Algeria 4,863,224 4,49,1,7,37 Bangladesh 482 1,42 1,176 1, 1,23 2,123 3,177 1,31 1, 1, Chile 1,77 1,72 1,74 1,8 2,13 2,13 2,699 17,499 16, 17, 16, 19,7 Colombia 4,747 4,824,7,33,3,3 Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,938 8,79 8,792 9,42 9,72 9,72 9,48 14,276 1,91 17,2 16, 16, Iran 8, 8, 1, 1 11,9 1 Israel 1,61 1, 1,916 1,69 1,68 1,68 Japan 16,726 17,7 16,999 16,97 17,7 16,77 Jordan 1,448 1,713 1,88 1, 1, Korea, South 1,274 1,213 9,319 9,81 9,83 9,83 Libya 1,68 1,9 1,763 1, 1,8 1, Malaysia 3,221 4,8 3,28 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,64 14,881 1,238 16,8 18,81 17,31 Morocco 2,217 3,182 2,26 3,2 2,92 2,92 Peru 2,863 3,83 3,438 3,41 3,6 3,6 Saudi Arabia 11,11 13,992 11,82 12,6 13,1 13,1 Taiwan 3,938 4,781 4,267 4,2 4, 4, Tunisia 1,2 1,713 1,74 1,7 1,77 1,77 Turkey 2,719 713 1,712 2,6 2,3 2,3 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,24 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,72 8,679 8,647 9,67 11,17 1,17 2,869 21,816 21,477 18,788 19,88 19,48 166,9 176,218 174,663 181,166 187,18 186,7 Unaccounted 4,483 4,71 3,396 4,46,2 4,7 3,296 3,981 3,422 3,19 3, 3, 173,874 184,914 181,481 188,821 196,2 19, TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 e 218

World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 48,83 48,3 4,331 48,69 38,439 36,782 13,76 13,76 1,896 17,266 12,44 12,6 Australia 98,97 98,97 87,792 11,7 68,649 87,671 27,37 27,37 26,2 26,623 2,769 22,17 232,8 232,8 223,391 226,867 231,487 222,4 14,18 14,18 13,96 1,94 1,149 14,442 Ethiopia 14,24 14,44 13,77 12,81 12,66 17,67 43,89 44, 4, 43,47 38,71 43,76 India 11,9 11,9 1 1,9 1, 9, Indonesia 31,89 31,89 32,11 33,263 32,378 32,689 Mexico 19, 19, 19, 19,111 19,2 18,341 Nigeria 4,92 44,92 41,712 4,76 37,427 4,386 14,8 14,8 13,9 18,117 8,68 11,79 South Africa 13,1 13,1 12,971 1,776 14,181 9,311 Turkey 38,2 38,7 34,71 39,217 33,387 39,389 Ukraine 163,18 162,77 164,86 162,712 16,649 164,78 967,38 971,297 93,93 967,14 89,63 934,31 369,82 369,82 384,2 42,612 367,9 377,234 1,336,84 1,341,99 1,31,18 1,369,72 1,262,644 1,311,76 Domestic Consumption 16,3 16,3 14,324 16,44 14,221 14,232 68,992 68,992 6,461 64,32 9,823 6,9 23,23 23,23 23,44 22,84 21,22 21,29 271,23 267,83 262,38 22,948 238,79 228,79 16,978 16,978 16,777 16,27 1,83 14,832 Egypt 14,8 14,8 14,13 1,142 1,21 13,68 Ethiopia 164,7 163,7 161,2 16,84 17,12 162,92 44,72 44,72 44,62 42,62 4,21 4,474 India 16,2 16,2 1,82 13,82 14,2 12,2 Iran 17,114 17,914 17,211 17,246 17,27 16,874 Japan 49,74 1,24 48,4 46,84 44,71 42,17 Mexico 19, 19, 19,2 19,46 18,99 18,132 Nigeria 3,12 32,12 31,81 32,7 29,71 31,139 1,711 1,711 1,31 12,891 14,21 12,91 Turkey 14,7 14,7 13,7 13,37 12,279 9,42 Vietnam 26,668 26,473 27,238 27,614 2,316 2,787 1,48,231 1,49,86 1,27, 1,28,119 94,92 96,2 328,18 328,742 329,22 327,479 312,97 311,339 1,376,339 1,378,328 1,36,32 1,3,98 1,28,49 1,276,864 Ending Stocks 6,68 6,468 4,68 6,71 3,279 4,274 9,9 9,99 8,89 14,492 7,1 8,23 4,478 4,9 4,28,63 4,974 3,13 61,8 61,28 8,38 11,949 112,86 11,917 13,737 14,737 1,617 1,31 1,77 18,88 3,3 3,2,34 6,9,889 4,832 Mexico 2,771 2,71 2,686 2,997 3,171 3,291 Ukraine 37,8 37,994 43,113 47,9 47,986 2,94 139,343 14,93 16,136 2,7 199,972 197,41 42,229 44,83,93 62,168 48,112 46,948 181,72 18,446 221,71 262,238 248,84 243,989 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 e 218

Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 16,649 19,93 19,79 21,4 22,92 21,42 Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 3,9 4, 4, Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,69 2,84 2,84 2,84 South America 13,3 13,84 1,47 14,181 1,14 1,14-28 9,48 14,276 1,91 17,2 16, 16, Former Soviet Union - 12 74 1 828 62 66 72 Middle East 27,68 29,73 3,68 32,896 33,426 32,826 North Africa 18,228 2,819 19,28 2,682 21,772 21,272 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,83 6,32 6,643 4,171 4,496 4,496 East Asia 6,684 49,97 46,733 48,3 47,61,4 Southeast Asia 14,764 1,83 14,1 1, 17,2 16,3 1,967 2,999 2,893 3,176 3,996 4,216 Total 169,391 18,199 178,8 184,36 19,68 19,2 Production North America 432,3 42,16 462,498 442,971 429,67 429,67 South America 139,743 122,16 163,18 141,731 161,81 162,11-28 17,67 12,66 12,81 13,77 14,44 14,24 Other Europe 1,927 9,271 11,328 7,181 9,276 9,276 Former Soviet Union - 12 91,963 82,74 92,737 88,798 97,73 92,73 Middle East 17,36 21,6 18,83 2,82 2,2 2,2 North Africa 1,927 12,289 9,263 11,177 12,32 12,32 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,74 12,96 116,918 114,269 11,232 11,232 East Asia 22,83 234,3 229,7 22,92 23,474 23,474 South Asia 4,649,66 6,63 8,888 8,38 8,179 Southeast Asia 3,949 31,992 34, 34,218 34,243 34,243 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,883 11,376 14,388 14,388 4,76 4,392 4,927 4,938 4,996 4,996 Total 1,311,76 1,262,644 1,369,72 1,31,18 1,341,99 1,336,84 Domestic Consumption North America 374,84 378,64 396,48 41,12 43,217 41,83 South America 98,737 98,42 13,179 14,664 111,286 111,286-28 162,92 17,12 16,84 161,2 163,7 164,7 Other Europe 8,347 8,2 8,918 8,62 8,197 8,397 Former Soviet Union - 12 8,467 3,74 6,364 3,819,13 2,863 Middle East 4,6 1,6,444 3,871,121 4,21 North Africa 3,168 32,142 31,43 32,137 33,43 33,3 Sub-Saharan Africa 19,473 18,1 11,692 114,68 113,372 113,387 East Asia 262,487 272,977 286,376 296,144 32,37 34,997 South Asia 2,617 3,832 6,889 6,43 61,12 61,6 Southeast Asia 41,23 44,41 4,96 46,68 48,78 48,33 Oceania,846 6,429 6,79,496,391,491 1,34 1,897 11,328 11,676 11,936 11,936 Total 1,26,687 1,276,34 1,33,2 1,3,282 1,372,268 1,37,929 Ending Stocks North America,293 8,97 73,78 6,88 2,932,12 South America 1,927 13,631 24,419 16,17 19,1 18,249-28 18,88 1,77 1,31 1,617 14,737 13,737 Other Europe 1,12 963 1,627 866 1,2 1, Former Soviet Union - 12 7,874 6,21 6,81 6,79,164,914 Middle East 8,999 9,2,91,862 4,269 4,247 North Africa,412,87 3,694 3,4 3,997 3,796 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,429 1,27 12,2 12,61 9,864 1,336 East Asia 1,819 116,44 16,16 84,423 64,78 6,28 South Asia,312 3,22 4,16 4,42 3,94 3,67 Southeast Asia 4,149 4,997 3,87 3,193 3,291 2,791 Oceania 1,66 1,62 2,77 1,39 1,14 1,337 1,123 1,141 1,198 1,213 1,98 1,98 Total 243,989 248,84 262,238 221,71 18,446 181,72 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 e 218

World Corn Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 18,448 21,678 22,91 2, 27, 27, 21,99 3,382 19,794 28, 31, 31, 39 1,767 1,38 1, 1, 1, 4,27 1,949 2,171 1, 1, Mexico 784 1,9 1,39 1, 1, 1, Paraguay 3,12 2,662 1,77 3,213 4,691,89 4,8 7,, Serbia 2,964 1,6 2,414 7 1, 1, South Africa 746 79 1,816 1,9 2, 2, Ukraine 19,661 16,9 21,334 19, 24, 24, 6,4,148 4,998,28 4,93 4,93 81,9 93,7 8,91 91,78 14,8 12,8 46,831 1,16,3 8, 3, 3, 128,39 144,96 141,436 1,28 17,8 1,8 TY Imports Algeria 4,116 4,329 3,91 4,4, 4,8 Bangladesh 482 1,42 1,176 1, Chile 1,16 1,39 1,484 1,7,16 3,174 2,464 4,,, Colombia 4,496 4,48 4,748,,2,2 Cuba 886 83 964 1, 1, 1, Dominican Republic 1,22 1,31 1,294 Egypt 7,839 8,722 8,773 9,4 9,7 9,7 8,98 13,794 1,241 16, 16, 16, Guatemala 881 1,27 91 1, 1, 1, Iran 6, 6,6 7,8 8, 9, 8, Israel 1,294 1,12 1,1 Japan 14,67 1,21 1,169 1,2 1, 1, Kenya 6 2 1, 1,2 1, 1, Korea, South 1,168 1,121 9,231 9,7 9,7 9,7 Malaysia 3,221 4,8 3,28 3, 4, 4, Mexico 11,341 14,11 14,69 16,2 16,7 16,7 Morocco 1,941 2,224 2,164 2, 2,6 2,6 Peru 2,741 2,98 3,269 3, 3,4 3,4 Saudi Arabia 2,94 3,83 3,421 4,,, Taiwan 3,81 4,66 4,163 4, 4, 4, Tunisia 1,42 1,17 1,244 1, 1, 1, Turkey 2,377 67 1,421 2,2 2,2 Venezuela 2,433 1,738 1,238 1,6 1,6 1,6 Vietnam 6,7 8,6 8, 9, 11, 1, 17,69 19,612 18,96 1,193 1,978 16,283 124,866 136,636 138,27 14,393 11,978 1,83 Unaccounted 2,71 6,488 1,779 3,742 4,32 3,697 89 1,782 1,4 1,1 1, 1, 128,39 144,96 141,436 1,28 17,8 1,8 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 e 218

World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 29,7 29, 41, 33, 41, 41, 8, 67, 98, 8, 96, 96, 11,66 13,68 13,889 14, 1, 1, 21,646 224,632 219,2 21,891 22, 22, Egypt,96 6, 6, 6,4 6,4 6,4 Ethiopia 7,23 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,734 8,748 61,739 62,97 61, 61, India 24,17 22,7 2,9 26,88 26, 26, Indonesia 9, 1, 1,9 1 11,9 11,9 Mexico 2,48 2,971 27,7 26,8 26, 26, Nigeria 1,9 1,62 1,7 11, 11, 11, Philippines 7,671 6,97 8,131 8,4 8, 8, 11,32 13,168 1,3 13,229 19, 1, South Africa 1,629 8,214 17,1 13, 14, 14, Ukraine 28,4 23,333 27,969 24,11 3, 3, 13,8 99,43 11,86 1,37 11,434 11,78 661,7 627,1 693,62 663,89 699,434 69,78 361,91 34,6 384,778 37,96 36,632 36,632 1,22,661 973,7 1,78,43 1,34,769 1,6,66 1,2,417 Total Consumption 9, 9, 11,2 9,8 1 1 7, 7, 6, 6 6, 6, 12,82 12,381 13, 14,2 14,2 14,2 2 217, 23 241, 249, 249, Egypt 13,9 14,8 1, 1,9 16, 16, 77,88 73, 74, 76, 76, 77, India 22,3 23, 24,9 26, 26, 26, Indonesia 12,2 12, 12, 12,2 12, 12, Iran 7,4 8,8 9, 9,8 1, 9,8 Japan 14,6 1,2 1,2 1,2 1, 1, Korea, South 1,2 1,123 9,41 9,8 9,8 9,8 Mexico 34, 37, 4,4 42, 43,2 43,2 Nigeria 9,9 1,6 11,2 11, 11, 11, South Africa 11,6 1,97 12,663 12, 12,6 12,6 Vietnam 9,4 12,2 12,9 13,4 14,4 13,9 163,81 164,713 168,27 174,29 18,493 179,113 686,9 671,63 746,661 71,441 774,7 772,22 31,792 298,78 313,84 318,3 317,261 317,896 987,882 969,848 1,6,1 1,69,971 1,91,768 1,9,418 Ending Stocks 2,898 1,49,276 3,481,486,486 7,842 6,769 14,19 8,19 9,619 8,719 1,18 2,4 2,74 2,374 2,424 2,424,472 11,774,713 79,4 6,4 6,4 9,626 6,719 7,28 8,12 7,12 6,12 Mexico 4,9,213,418 4,818 2,818 2,818 South Africa 2,448 1,96 3,69 2,8 1,637 33,92 31,376 3,418 29,618 26,799 26,48 162,796 16,86 169,641 139,289 116,412 114,624 43,974 44,123 8,23 3,43 42,734 4,67 26,77 29,979 227,894 192,692 19,146 14,691 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 e 218

Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 13,686 16,742 16,846 18, 18, 18, Central America 3,46 3,938 3,799 3,9 4, 4, South America 12,42 12,462 13,713 12,97 13,76 13,76-28 8,98 13,794 1,241 16, 16, 16, Former Soviet Union - 12 361 374 4 4 41 Middle East 1,17 14,886 16,998 19, 2,6 2, North Africa 1,622 16,873 16,77 18,2 19,2 19, Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323,383,861 3,268 3,663 3,663 East Asia 34,198 33,186 31,12 33, 33,71 33,7 Southeast Asia 14,68 1,739 13,96 14,79 17, 16,9 Caribbean 2,444 2,97 2,67 2,84 2,84 2,84 1,69 2,47 2,38 2,72 3,4 3,76 Total 12,67 138,418 139,67 146,43 13,278 11,883 Production North America 398,177 38,17 426,242 411,86 397,932 397,932 South America 127,7 18,837 149,824 129,22 148,43 148,43-28 7,734 8,748 61,739 62,97 61, 61, Other Europe 9,132 7,427 9,47,334 7,39 7,39 Former Soviet Union - 12 44,188 4,147 47,791 42,69 3, 49, Middle East 6,94 7,791 6,99 7,786 6,866 6,866 North Africa 6,8 6,96 6,13 6,61 6,1 6,1 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,89 62,466 71,79 73,28 69,12 69,12 East Asia 217,99 226,883 221,893 218,14 227,36 227,36 South Asia 34,398 33,2 37,73 39,4 38,73 39,86 Central America 3,88 3,278 3,78 3,84 3,8 3,8 Southeast Asia 3,6 31,697 33,76 33,928 33,93 33,93 1,43 1,28 1,349 1,262 1,373 1,373 Total 1,22,661 973,7 1,78,43 1,34,769 1,6,66 1,2,417 Domestic Consumption North America 349,162 348,466 367,34 37,3 374,661 37,296 South America 87,61 87,971 91,723 93,39 99,91 99,91-28 77,88 73, 74, 76, 76, 77, Other Europe 6,297 6,22 6,878,99 6,1 6,3 Former Soviet Union - 12 21,71 19,82 2,11 18,3 21,86 19,86 Middle East 21,738 23,2 24,613 26,81 28,2 27,2 North Africa 22, 22,99 23,39 24,8 2,7 2,6 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,881 67,27 7,194 72,81 71,7 71,7 East Asia 233,127 249,279 263,67 272,4 28,36 28,4 South Asia 33,123 3,63 37,86 4,939 41,641 42,81 Southeast Asia 4,849 43,634 4,497 46,18 48, 47,84 Central America 6,76 7,18 7,2 7,74 7,91 7,91 3,984 3,99 3,942 4,11 4,18 4,18 Total 97,73 989,372 1,36,4 1,64,29 1,86,74 1,86,9 Ending Stocks North America 49,82 1,786 66,24 6,9 47,976 4,39 South America 13,743 11,22 22,186 14,4 17, 16,4-28 9,626 6,719 7,28 8,12 7,12 6,12 Other Europe 896 849 1,477 766 1,86 986 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,1 2,62 3,79 2,73 2,442 2,93 Middle East 3,727 2,747 2,9 2,19 1,43 1,41 North Africa 3,29 2,988 2,4 2,446 2,87 2,387 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,7 7,61 1,37 1,46 7,973 8,336 East Asia 13,922 114,71 14,43 83,283 63,739 63,939 South Asia 3,924 2,49 3,19 3,221 2,92 2,71 Southeast Asia 4,143 4,991 3,86 3,183 3,281 2,781 Central America 79 794 8 868 793 793 49 432 43 392 376 39 Total 26,77 29,979 227,894 192,692 19,146 14,691 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 e 218

World Barley Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 1,99 2,836 2,696 2, 2, 2,8 Australia,266,41 9,193 6,2 7, 7, 1,386 1,147 1,89 1, 1, 1,642 8,644,683 6,2 7, 6,8 Kazakhstan 479 87 869 1,2 1, 1, Moldova 81 9 143 1 1 1,87 3,73 3,626,4,, Turkey 4 14 2 Ukraine 4,332 4,673,337 4, 4, 3, Uruguay 43 42 111 12 12 164 82 49 61 29,83 27,426 29,3 28,281 29,27 28,87 291 161 12 13 3,94 27,87 29,6 28,411 29,37 28,97 TY Imports Algeria 723 864 33 6 Belarus 1 7 19 3 489 1 737 6 6 16 131 74 6 9,89,869 8,14 8,2 9, 9, Colombia 249 31 28 28 28 28 269 31 447 Iran 1,9 1,7 2,2 2,9 2,9 2,9 Israel 278 319 376 2 2 2 Japan 1,97 1,14 1,197 1, 1, 1, Jordan 79 92 79 7 7 6 Kuwait 412 11 69 4 2 2 Libya 1,1 1,324 1,84 7 1, 7 Morocco 276 98 38 Peru 122 98 169 1 1 Saudi Arabia 8,2 1,4 8,4 8, 8, 8, Syria 2 2 2 7 1 1 Tunisia 483 696 1 6 67 67 United Arab Emirates 393 668 474 4 4 4 Vietnam 2 79 147 17 17 17 1,724 1,213 1,717 1,71 1,11 1,66 28,472 28,8 28,413 27,741 28,491 28,146 Unaccounted 1,192-84 1,2 44 479 424 43 32 217 23 4 4 3,94 27,87 29,6 28,411 29,37 28,97 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 e 218

World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 968 1, 1, 1, Algeria 4, 3,7 3,74 3, 4,94 2,9 9,8 9,8 8, 13,6 8,993 8,646 Australia 1,7 1,7 1,42 1,23 1,849 1,988 Belarus 8, 8, 7,9 8,839 8,27 7,117 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,72 1,87 1,81 2,17 2,17 2, 2,2 2,47 1,93 Ethiopia 61, 61, 9,9 9,978 62,9 6,69 1,79 1,7 1,44 1,613 1,831 India 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,2 3,2 Iran 3, 3, 3,3 3,231 2,67 2,412 Kazakhstan 2, 2, 62 3,4 1,638 Morocco 18, 18, 2,183 17,47 17,83 2,26 7,4 7,4 6,4 4,7 7,4 4, Turkey 7, 7, 8,69 9,874 8,71 9,4 Ukraine 9,71 9,71 9,84 1,639 9,1 9,148 143,761 144,371 14,291 142,74 14,24 138,28 3,21 3,21 3,9 4,33 4,7 3,93 146,962 147,72 143,381 147,17 149,774 141,981 Total Consumption 1,9 1,9 1,8 2, 2,1 2, Algeria 2,8 2,8 2,8 3, 3, 3, Australia 1,7 1,8 1,4 1,8 Belarus 6,7 6,7 6,8 6,762 6,96 6,471 11, 11, 1, 9,8 7,9 11,6 2,12 2,12 2,7 2,2 1,99 1,97 Ethiopia 4,7 4,7 3,7, 1,37,937 1,9 1,9 1,2 India 6,2 6,2 6, 4,,2 4,6 Iran 2,2 2, 2,2 2,2 Kazakhstan 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,2 3,3 2,638 Morocco 13,2 13,2 14,9 14,7 13,7 14, 8,82 8,82 8,82 9,82 1,22 8,2 Saudi Arabia 7, 7, 6,7, 6,9,3 Turkey 3,6 3,6 4, 4,9 4,, Ukraine 16,96 17,31 17,69 18,767 18,486 17,43 143,88 144,13 143,779 146,62 143,22 138,283 3,918 3,918 4,72 4,37 4,48 4,23 147,776 148,431 147,81 1,437 147,61 142,18 Ending Stocks 717 717 617 899 1,313 1,34 Algeria 883 698 883 1,883 1,69 1,12 Australia 1,186 1,27 1,286 2,121 1,26 1,26,47,47,37,667 6,6,834 88 88 78 48 78 1,8 Iran 818 818 718 338 961 332 Turkey 1,47 847 1,137 1,237 1,69 1,6 Ukraine,738,616 6,371 8,99 1,829 1, 16,74 16,218 17,127 2,72 24,12 22,473 1,3 1,3 1,421 2,316 2,223 1,711 17,734 17,248 18,48 23,18 26,348 24,184 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 e 218

Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters Million Metric Tons/Hectares Country Mktg Year Area Harvested Yield Productio n MY Imports MY Exports Feed and Residual Total Consumpti Ending Stocks Australia 21/11 3.7 2.2 8.. 4.7 3. 4.2 1. 211/12 3.7 2.2 8.2..4 2.1 3.3. 212/13 3.6 2.1 7.. 4. 1.8 3.. 213/14 3.8 2.4 9.2. 6.2 1. 2.8.7 214/1 4.1 2.1 8.6..2 1.7 3. 1.1 21/16 4.1 2.2 9...7 2. 3.3 1.1 216/17 4.8 2.8 13.. 9.2 2.2 3. 1.9 217/18 3.9 2.1 8.. 6.2 1. 2.8.9 4. 2.2 9.8. 7. 1. 2.8.9 21/11 2.4 3.2 7.6. 1.2 6.3 7. 1. 211/12 2.4 3.3 7.9. 1.3.7 6.9 1.2 212/13 2.8 2.9 8.. 1.4.7 6.8 1. 213/14 2.7 3.8 1.3. 1.6 6. 7.7 2. 214/1 2.2 3.3 7.1.1 1..3 6. 1.3 21/16 2.4 3. 8.3.2 1.2.8 7. 1. 216/17 2.3 3.9 8.8.1 1.. 6.8 2.1 217/18 2.1 3.8 7.9.1 2..6 6.8 1.3 2.2 3.7 8..1 1.. 6.7 1.2 21/11 12. 4.3 3.7.2 4.9 41.3 6.6 7.9 211/12 11.9 4.3 1.9. 3. 3.8 1.2 6.1 212/13 12. 4.4 4.9.1. 3. 1.. 213/14 12.4 4.8 9.7..7 38. 3.4.6 214/1 12.4 4.9 6.6.1 9. 3.7.9.8 21/16 12.2.1 62.1.3 1.8 36. 1.4 6.1 216/17 12.3 4.9 6..4.7 4.1.1.7 217/18 12.2 4.9 9.1. 6.2 38.6 3.7.4 12.2. 61.3.3 6.8 39. 4.7. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 e 218

Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Imports North America 779 61 293 3 1 1 South America 1,169 1,133 1,249 1,3 1,1 1,1-28 269 31 447 Other Europe 124 81 121 14 1 1 Former Soviet Union - 12 239 162 436 21 2 3 Middle East 12,399 14,798 13,36 13,44 12,77 12,67 North Africa 2,81 3,914 2,49 2,47 2,4 2,24 Sub-Saharan Africa 138 4 112 8 8 8 East Asia 11,8 7,136 9,413 9,43 1,7 1,7 South Asia 22 133 34 131 11 11 Oceania 32 7 2 2 2 2 Total 28,92 28,432 28,63 27,971 28,891 28,46 Production North America 11,916 13,742 14,17 11,994 12,21 12,21 South America 3,794,92 4,714 4,823,3,33-28 6,69 62,9 9,978 9,9 61, 61, Other Europe 1,241 1,28 1,333 1,28 1,32 1,32 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,42 32,47 34,17 3,63 33,47 32,97 Middle East 8,896 12,674 1,118 11,69 12,88 12,88 North Africa 3,913,27 2,23 3,646 4,3 4,3 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,423 2,49 2,6 2,77 2,69 2,69 East Asia 2,134 2,18 2,47 2,18 2,19 2,19 South Asia 2,461 2,121 1,943 2,247 2,47 2,247 Oceania 9,2 9,43 13,87 8,296 1,18 1,18 Total 141,981 149,774 147,17 143,381 147,72 146,962 Domestic Consumption North America 11,6 12,293 12,87 11,882 11,668 11,668 South America 3,398 3,33 3,449 3,41 3,436 3,436-28,937 1,37, 3,7 4,7 4,7 Other Europe 1,414 1,373 1,44 1,42 1,397 1,397 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,44 23,889 2,429 24,963 23,7 22,97 Middle East 22,369 26,961 24,87 2,814 2,984 2,884 North Africa 7,12 8,23 6,697 6,397 6,748 6,448 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,471 2,6 2,69 2,64 2,7 2,7 East Asia 13,162 9,481 11,441 11,9 12,7 12,7 South Asia 2,23 2,93 2,423 2,63 2,483 2,383 Oceania 3,4 3,7 3,9 3,1 3,2 3,2 Total 143,424 14,614 149,4 148,31 148,278 147,628 Ending Stocks North America 3,369 4,13 4,82 3,121 2,611 2,9 South America 772 1,14 843 72 611 749-28,834 6,6,667,37,47,47 Other Europe 16 79 97 6 7 7 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,719 2,96 2,926 2,38 2,19 2,393 Middle East,28 6,38 3,86 3,617 2,666 2,646 North Africa 2,1 2,838 1,18 93 1,34 1,33 Sub-Saharan Africa 434 436 488 1 48 8 East Asia 1,9 94 923 6 76 76 South Asia 294 274 23 239 27 24 Oceania 1,199 1,141 1,941 912 732 917 Total 24,184 26,348 23,18 18,48 17,248 17,734 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 e 218

World Sorghum Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 TY Exports 94 772 47 Australia 1,71 717 42 2 1, 1, Ethiopia 7 7 7 7 7 7 India 122 74 24 Kenya 73 41 73 Nigeria Ukraine 16 12 164 1 1 1 138 11 229 21 1 1 3,319 1,964 1,664 1,38 2,13 2,13 9,269 7,871 6,9,8 4,2,4 12,88 9,83 7,74 7,23 6,33 7,3 TY Imports Chile 98 134 4 7 1,162 8,284,29 4,8 1, 4,7 Colombia 64 131 119 194 2 2 2 Japan 93 649 61 6 6 Kenya 117 4 146 1 Mexico 29 661 48 2 South Africa 83 82 8 6 6 South Sudan 87 19 36 1 1 1 Sudan 12 2 12 2 2 2 416 96 379 484 364 374 12,63 1,863 7,329 7,34,724 7,34 Unaccounted 498-1,126 381 11 66 496 27 98 44 12,88 9,83 7,74 7,23 6,33 7,3 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 e 218

World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 214/1 21/16 216/17 217/18 Production 3,1 3,1 3, 3,4 3,37 3, 1, 994 1,791 2,29 Australia 1,89 1,89 1,87 1,86 1,32 2, 1,8 1,8 1,366 1,663 1,436 1,78 Burkina 1,339 1,217 1,1 Cameroon 9 9 88 991 83 922 Chad 3,4 3,4 3,2 2,98 2,7 2,88 4, 4, 4, 4,72 4,766 4,339 Ethiopia 4,6 4,6 4,73 4,7 4,238,44 India 1, 1, 1,7 1,394 1,27 1,272 Mali 4,8 4,8 4,63 4,638,87 6,27 Mexico 1,7 1,7 1,944 1,88 1,918 1,426 Niger 6,8 6,8 6, 6,887 7, 6,883 Nigeria 4, 4, 3,743 6,466 2,744 6,281 Sudan 8 8 8 76 677 883 Tanzania 7, 7, 6,969 6,629 7,39 7,948 49,74 49,74 48,142 1,137 48,27,176 8,713 8,713 9,242 12,199 1,18 1,988 8,48 8,48 7,384 63,336 63,36 66,164 Total Consumption 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,9 2,9 2,8 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,7 1,1 1,7 1,7 1,64 1,46 1,7 Burkina 1,42 1,42 1,41 1,369 1,232 1,17 Cameroon 9 9 9 9 8 93 Chad 8, 4,7 8, 8, 11, 12,9 4, 4, 4,2 4,7 4,7 4, Ethiopia 82 82 82 79 8 99 4,6 4, 4,6 4, 4,6, India 1,6 1, 1,2 Mali, 6,8 4,9, 6, 6,6 Mexico 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,4 Niger 6,7 6,7 6,4 6,787 6,9 6,833 Nigeria 8 8 8 76 83 1, South Sudan 4, 4, 4, 6,4 3, 6, Sudan 8,147 8,922 8,38 7,6 8,689 8,8,49 4,364 4,64 7,474 7,634 63,43 3,33 4,73 3,7 6,212 6,187 2,49 8,82 8,937 8,197 63,686 63,821 6,912 Ending Stocks 639 639 689 889 92 971 174 18 274 274 234 22 Australia 477 177 447 77 717 76 39 39 364 69 76 61 Ethiopia 228 28 278 198 11 87 India 186 19 186 186 18 13 Nigeria 26 16 311 68 82 743 Sudan 1,316 1,26 1,329 1,324 1,463 1,823 3,3 3,43 3,878 4,8 4,8,773 693 693 744 8 93 468 4,228 4,128 4,622,43,78 6,241 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 e 218