National Action Plan on Climate Change Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India June 24, 2010 Data indicates that India s emissions growth path has been on sustainable lines; this is validated by objective third-party studies 16% of the World s population but only 4.6% of the global CO2 emissions World Bank Assessment India is a relatively low carbon economy Among 70 countries studied, India ranks 63rd for per capita emissions, 48th for CO2 emissions per unit of GDP Offsetting factor for CO2 emissions is high 30% of GHG growth offset by lowering energy intensity and improving the carbon intensity of its fuel mix; Russia and China show much lower performance Achieved this despite a low initial emission level and against a backdrop of increasing CO2 intensity world wide between 1999-2004 Most independent projections indicate that India s CO2 intensity is likely to continue to decline through 2030-2050
RECENT POLICY INITIATIVES NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE LOW CARBON STRATEGY FOR GROWTH DOMESTIC MITIGATION AMBITION- REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS INTENSITY OF GDP BY 20-25% wrt 2005 BY 2020 APPROACHES OF NATIONAL ACTION PLAN DOMESTIC Adapt to climate change Enhance ecological sustainability of India s development path Five missions on adaptation 2 missions on mitigation GLOBAL Recognize climate change as global challenge Participate in globally cooperative actions based on CBDR Ensure equity in entitlement to global atmospheric resources
STARETGY & CO-BENEFITS STRATEGY Sustainable development. Accelerated deployment of appropriate technologies, Efficient/Cost-effective Demand side Management of Energy, Innovative market, regulatory, and voluntary mechanisms, Effective linkages with civil society and public-private partnerships. CO-BENEFITS Climate change mitigation and Adaptation Additional employment opportunities 5 India s National Action Plan on Climate Change envisages India s efforts being led through 8 Missions, which are in the process of operationalisation Mission Objective Responsible Entity National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission for Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020 10,000 MW of EE savings by 2020 EE in residential and commercial buildings, public transport, Solid waste management Water conservation, river basin management Ministry of Non Renewable Energy Sources Ministry of Power Ministry of Urban Development Ministry of Water Resources National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for a Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change Conservation and adaptation practices, glacial monitoring 6 mn hectares of afforestation over degraded forest lands by the end of 12 th Plan Drought proofing, risk management, agricultural research Vulnerability assessment, Research & observation, data management Ministry of Science & Technology Ministry of Environment & Forests Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Science & Technology
National Solar Mission Generate 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020 Create more affordable, more convenient solar power systems and storage Reduce solar power cost @ 7-9% p.a. Achieve grid tariff parity by 2020 Parity with coal based thermal power generation by 2030 A Solar Energy Authority to be set up Deploy commercial solar technologies Involve private sector in solar manufacturing facilities Expected outlay of Rs 80,000 crs by 2020 7 National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency A market based mechanism to enhance cost effectiveness of improvements in energy efficiency in energy-intensive large industries and facilities, through certification of energy savings that could be traded Accelerating the shift to energy efficient appliances in designated sectors through innovative measures to make products more effective Creation of mechanisms that would help finance demand side management programmes in all sectors by capturing future energy savings Developing fiscal instruments to promote energy efficiency Fuel and technology strategies for the power sector Potential to save 10,000 MW by 2020
KEY ISSUES Creation of institutional mechanisms which promote a market based approach to implementation of energy efficiency, especially through public-private partnerships Creation of demand for EE goods and services, through regulation and price differentiation Promotion of supply through adequate and appropriate financing tools and business models Credible monitoring and verification protocols to capture energy savings Integration into workplans of government agencies Institutional Mechanisms Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) mechanism Mandate specific energy consumption targets for large industries Savings beyond the target can be traded Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency (MTEE) Create bundles of CDM programmes for energy-efficient equipment and appliances Sellers can join these programmes to earn carbon credits Energy Efficiency Financing Platform (EEFP) Create a forum of financial institutions willing to lend on a project-financing basis and to pool debt obligations Framework for Energy-Efficient Economic Development (FEEED) Fiscal preferences to promote adoption of energy-efficient equipment and appliances Technology Strategy for the Power Sector Guidelines for adoption of new, efficient generation technologies
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat Extension of application of Energy Conservation Building Code, incentives for retooling existing building stock Recycling of materials and urban waste management; technology development for power from waste Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport 11 National Water Mission Focus on conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring equitable distribution Recycling of waste water to meet needs of urban areas Adoption of new and appropriate technologies such as low temperature desalination for coastal cities Basin level management strategies in consultation with states Optimize efficiency of existing irrigation systems 12
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem Sustaining and safeguarding the Himalayan glacier and mountain eco-system Understand whether and the extent to which the Himalayan glaciers are in recession Observational and monitoring network for the Himalayan environment: to assess fresh water resources and health of ecosystem Protection and enhancement of forest lands 13 National Mission for a Green India Afforestation of 6 million hectares Coverage of degraded forest land Enhancement of ecosystem services including carbon sinks Involvement of communities in Forest protection & afforestation 14
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture Develop new varieties of crops capable of withstanding extreme weather: thermal resistant crops, alternative cropping patterns Orientation of agricultural research systems to monitor and evaluate climate change and recommend changes Convergence and integration of traditional knowledge and practice systems, information technologies and biotechnology Focus on improving productivity of rainfed agriculture 15 National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change Funding of high quality and focused research into climate change Study impact on health, demography, mitigration patterns and livelihoods Establish network of dedicated climate change related units in academic and scientific institutions Set up Climate change research fund Private sector initiatives through venture capital funds Research to support policy and implementation through identified centres 16
In addition, India has 24 other Critical Initiatives in the anvil, for which detailed plans and an institutional framework is being prepared (1/2) Type Energy Efficiency in Power Generation Other Renewable Energy Technologies Programmes Disaster Management Response to Extreme Climate Events Super critical technologies Initiative Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technology Natural Gas based Power Plants Closed Cycle Three Stage Nuclear Power Programme Efficient Transmission and Distribution Hydropower RETs for power generation Biomass based popup generation technologies Small scale Hydropower Wind Energy Grid connected systems RETs for transportation and industrial fuels Reducing risk to infrastructure through better design Strengthening communication networks and disaster management facilities In addition, India has 24 other Critical Initiatives in the anvil, for which detailed plans and an institutional framework is being prepared (2/2) Type Protection of Coastal Areas Health Sector Creating appropriate capacity at different levels of Government Initiative Undertake measures for coastal protection and setting up Early Warning System Development of a regional ocean modelling system High resolution coupled ocean-atmosphere variability studies in tropical oceans Development of a high-resolution storm surge model for coastal regions Development of salinity-tolerant crop cultivars Community awareness on coastal disasters and necessary action; Timely forecasting, cyclone and flood warning systems Enhanced plantation and regeneration of mangroves and coastal forests Provision of enhanced public health care services and assessment of increased burden of disease due to climate change Building capacity in the Central, State and other Agencies/Bodies at the local level to assimilate and facilitate the implementation of the activities of National Plan
Next Steps National Action Plan an evolving plan, responsive to scientific and technical knowledge multilateral climate change regime To be institutionalized by respective ministries and organized through inter-sectoral groups Each Mission to evolve specific objectives Mission documents to be finalized in 2010 Prime Minister s s Council to periodically review the progress of Missions 19 THANK YOU