Water needs in the Middle East Region Shimon Tal R.S.D.S.P -- Geneva, June 2007 1
The Extent of Water Shortage 2
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The Extent of Water Shortage 200 m 3 /y/capita 40% of Shortage Red Line of UN 2025 Domestic and Municipal needs only Complicated Operation 4
Sub-national Water Availability: 2003 Water Availability: 2025 1975 2000 2005 Cola-Cola Company. All rights Reserved Extreme Scarcity <500 Scarcity 500-1,000 Stress 1,000-1,700 Adequate 1,700-4,000 Abundant 4,000-10,000 m 3 /person/year Surplus >10,000 Ocean/ Inland Water No Data 5
Water Demand in the Region 2020 Population 24 M (Jordan, Palestinians, Israel) Demand 5.1 BCM/Year 2.6 BCM/Year Agricultural 2.1 BCM/Year Domestic 0.4 BCM/ Year Industrial Resources 5.1 BCM/Year 1.1 BCM/Year Recycled effluents 2.65 BCM/Year Natural resources 1.35 BCM/Year Manufactured water Additional 80 MCM/year 6
Red-Sea Dead-Sea Canal Mediterranean Sea ISR P.A Dead Sea -420 m BSL JRD Deslination Plant 850 mcm/y 200 km 2000 mcm/y Red Sea 7
Regional Relationships and Solutions Redistribution of scarce natural water resources is not a solution in Water- Stressed Environments. Water should be a catalyst for cooperation and not a cause for arguments and disputes. 8
Sustainable Approach - Objectives, Plans, Actions Reliable Water Supply to meet all needs Improvement the efficiency of water use Significant improvements towards conservation of the quality of natural water resources & water systems Institutional, administrative and legal modifications to meet new approach 9
Sustainability in Water Sector WATER RESOURCES Natural Resources Quantity, Quality Rivers, Floods, Springs, Aquifers Manufactured Resources New Water Resources Treated Wastewater Efficient Use WATER DEMAND Essential needs and Quality of Life Domestic Municipal Industry Public Requirements National Interests Agriculture (Open Lands, Congestion of Population, Guarding of Borders, Keeping National Lands) Nature Purposes Peace Process 10
Production of Manufactured Fresh Water Resources in Large Scales In operation Under construction Sea Water Desalination 30 MCMProjects Tender process Planned Shomrat Hadera 100 MCM Special site for P.A. and Jordan Palmakhim 30 MCM Ashdod 45 MCM Shafdan up to 200 MCM Ashkelon 108 MCM In Operation 11
Desalinated Sea Water Cost Range SMALL SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS 2010 ~300 MCM/y; 20% of Natural Water Resources Larnaca 2010 ~300 MCM/y; Malta 20% of Palmachim, Natural Eilat Haifa bay 90 80 20 Mg/l Chloride; 50Mg/l TDS; 0.4 70 Mg/l Boron LARGE SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS Trinidad Ashkelon 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 YEAR 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 60 50 40 cent/m 3 Source: ADAN 12
Reuse of All Sewage Effluents Reuse of 510 MCM/Year in 2010 (340 today) Sewage effluents for Agriculture 50% of allocations in 2010 Tertiary treatment irrigation unrestricted Nutrients and Salt Removal 13
The development of water consumption in Agriculture (M.C.M) 1500 1000 500 2001 1990 1980 0 total potable water marginal water 14
Sustainability in Water Sector Year MCM/Y Desalination MCM/Y Sewage Effluents Total MCM/Y %of Natural Resources MCM/Y 2000 0 280 280 18% 2005 120 340 460 30% 2010 365 510 875 56% 15
Water Conservation Must become a way of life in our region! Cheapest most available source of water Education and Publicity Saving Water Technologies: Water Recycling (Grey Water, Car Wash) Water Saving Devices Advanced Technologies for Irrigation L.V. I. (Low Volume Irrigation) 16
Water Saving in Agricultural Sector 2.1 1.9 Production per Water Unit 1.91 1.98 2.02 1.7 1.47 1.56 1.66 1.64 1.55 1.59 1.5 1.3 1.38 1.43 1.31 1.1 1.15 1.00 0.98 0.9 0.7 0.5 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Source: Israel Farmer s Federation 17
Water and Conflict Water and Conflict Fierce competition for fresh water may well become a source of conflict and wars in the future Kofi Annan, March 2001 18
Water and Conflict Water and ConflictWater and Cooperation But the water problems of our world need not be only a cause of tension; They can also be a catalyst for cooperation.if we work together, a secure and sustainable water future can be ours Kofi Annan, February 2002 19
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