TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD Understanding Stormwater Management Requirements for Airports Tuesday, September 14, 2017 2:00pm to 3:30pm ET
Purpose Discuss ACRP Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports, ACRP Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure - Volume 1: Primer, and ACRP Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure - Volume 2: Guidebook. Learning Objectives At the end of this webinar, you will be able to: Discuss a stand-alone Clean Water Act regulatory guidance document Describe the various water-related environmental regulations and permitting programs that apply to airports Discuss stormwater management regulations Understand how to determine the appropriate strategies for implementation of green stormwater infrastructure
ACRP is an Industry-Driven Program Managed by TRB and sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Seeks out the latest issues facing the airport industry. Conducts research to find solutions. Publishes and disseminates research results through free publications and webinars.
Opportunities to Get Involved! ACRP s Champion program is designed to help early- to midcareer, young professionals grow and excel within the airport industry. Airport industry executives sponsor promising young professionals within their organizations to become ACRP Champions. Visit ACRP s website to learn more.
Upcoming ACRP Webinars October 17 Advancing the Aviation Industry Workforce November 1 Assessing Community Annoyance with Helicopter Noise November 14 Airport In-Terminal Concession Program Implementation
Additional ACRP Publications Available on this Topic Report 81: Winter Design Storm Factor Determination for Airports Report 99: Guidance for Treatment of Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers Report 125: Balancing Airport Stormwater and Bird Hazard Management Report 154: Water Efficiency Management Strategies for Airports Report 166: Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring
Today s Speakers Dean Mericas, Ph.D. - Mead & Hunt Jeffrey Longsworth, Esq. - Barnes & Thornburg Presenting Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports Jim Jolley, P.E. - The Cadmus Group, Inc. Presenting Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure for Airports
ACRP Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports Dean Mericas, Ph.D. Mead & Hunt, Inc. Jeffrey Longsworth, ESQ Barnes & Thornburg, LLC
Webinar Topics Introductions and background Governing regulations Permit-specific information provided Value to airports and practitioners
Dean Mericas, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Senior Aviation Consultant, Mead & Hunt, Inc. 25 years providing stormwater management services to airports Principal Investigator/SME on ACRP water-related projects Co-Chair, ACI-NA Water Quality Working Group Past Chair, TRB AV030(3) Water Resources Subcommittee
Jeffrey Longsworth, ESQ Clean Water Act Expert Partner, Barnes & Thornburg LLP ACI-NA outside counsel ACI-NA at-large Environmental Steering Committee member Environmental counsel to dozens of large, medium and small airports across the nation Appointed: EPA Wet Weather Flows Federal Advisory Committee Regulatory SME on ACRP 02-02 and 02-61
ACRP Report 169 Oversight Panel Ms. Asciatu J. Whiteside, PE, Chair, DFW Airport Ms. Lindsey Maron, PE, RS&H, INC. Mr. Sam A. Mehta, P.E., San Francisco International Airport Ms. Katie R. Servis, Barnstable Municipal Airport Mr. Scott Simpson, SSI Inc. Mr. Dan Trapp, Mid-America Airport Mr. Frank Smigelski, FAA Liaison Ms. Katherine B. Preston, ACI-NA Liaison Mr. Stephen F. Maher, P.E., TRB Liaison
ACRP Report 169: Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports Need identified during ACRP 02-61 review of all ACRP stormwater management products for potential updating Consolidates information on regulatory drivers and requirements into a single comprehensive reference Target audience includes airport staff, consultants, and stakeholders Reflects evolution of sophistication in airports approaches over the past two+ decades Published January 2017
Governing Federal Programs Clean Water Act National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Wastewater Stormwater Certain pesticide applications Section 404 Wetlands Permits Oil Pollution Act Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plans Safe Drinking Water Act Source water protection Water distribution protection Underground injection wells
NPDES Permitting Overview Not all discharges require permitting: Farms, for example, generally are exempt Point source vs. non-point source Most, but not all waters are waters of the U.S. Discharges can go directly or indirectly into U.S. waters: Indirect = Through a sanitary sewer system connected to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works Through a municipal separate storm sewer system.
NPDES Permitting Overview NPDES permits contain national technology and local water quality permitting conditions: Technology-based effluent limitations National minimum permit conditions (the floor ). Example = Airport Deicing Effluent Limitations Guidelines Water quality-based effluent limitations Site-specific permit conditions to protect water quality in the local waterbody receiving the discharge.
Some Typical Examples of Airport Discharges Wash rack connected to a sanitary sewer: Indirect discharge that requires a permit/approval from a POTW, which treats the water before being discharged to a water of the U.S. Wash rack that drains directly to a creek: Direct discharge that requires an NPDES wastewater permit. Stormwater discharges associated with vehicle maintenance, fueling, deicing, or other industrial activities: Direct discharge that requires an NPDES industrial stormwater permit. Stormwater discharges from disturbed land associated with active construction operations: Direct discharge that requires an NPDES construction stormwater permit.
CWA and Related Permits NPDES Stormwater Discharges Industrial Activities Construction Activities Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) NPDES Process Water or Wastewater Treatment Discharge NPDES Industrial Pretreatment Permit NPDES Vessel General Permit NPDES Pesticide General Permit Section 404 Permit Rivers and Harbor Act Section 10 Permit
CWA and Related Permits
CWA and Related Permits For each permit: Applicability and description Special considerations Types of permits Tenant coverage Application process Compliance requirements
Example: NPDES Industrial Stormwater Permit Applicability of industrial versus non-industrial Types of industrial stormwater permits Multi-Sector General Permit Individual Permit Tenant coverage Application and renewal processes Compliance requirements
Example: Pesticide General Permit Description Requirements Applicability Application Process Compliance requirements Decision makers Applicators
Value of Report 169 to Airports Single comprehensive CWA reference Specific to the airport context Information presented in plain English Sufficient detail to understand important nuances Useful external information resources Table of Abbreviations and Acronyms
For additional information: ACRP Report 169 Clean Water Act Requirements for Airports Dean Mericas Dean.Mericas@meadhunt.com Jeff Longsworth jeffrey.longsworth@btlaw.com http://www.trb.org/publications/blurbs/175472.aspx
ACRP Report 174: Green Stormwater Infrastructure Strategies for Airports R. Duffner, 2015
ACRP Report 174 Oversight Panel Jennifer M. Fuller, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh, NC (Chair) James Berg, Port of Portland (OR), Portland, OR Eddie R. Clayson, Salt Lake City Department of Airports, UT Laura D. Morland, Mead & Hunt, Inc., Middleton, WI Jesse Nikkel, Southwest Airlines Co., Dallas, TX Eduardo N. Tovar, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, TX Janell Barrilleaux, FAA Liaison Frank Smigelski, FAA Liaison Marci A. Greenberger, ACRP Senior Program Officer
ACRP Report 174 Airport Participants Austin-Bergstrom International Airport Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport; Martin State Airport Cleveland Hopkins International Airport Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport Denver International Airport Fresno Yosemite International Airport Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Los Angeles World Airports Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport City of Naples Airport Authority Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Aviation Department Pittsburgh International Airport San Diego County Regional Airport Authority Seattle-Tacoma International Airport Southwest Florida International Airport
ACRP Report 174 Project Team James W. Jolley, Principal Investigator: The Cadmus Group Mary Ellen Tuccillo, Green Stormwater Infrastructure Expert: The Cadmus Group Michelle L. Young, Guidebook Development Expert: The Cadmus Group Michael Barrett, Green Stormwater Infrastructure Specialist: Michael Baker International Anna Lantin, Stormwater Management Expert: Michael Baker International Paul Fendt, Airport Green Stormwater Infrastructure Engineer: Parametrix Mary Vigilante, Airport Sustainability Expert: Synergy
What is Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)? Refers to stormwater management practices that restore hydrologic functions to harvest, evapotranspire, and infiltrate precipitation. National Research Council Maintains, mimics, or restores natural processes to manage stormwater as close as possible to its point of origin.
What is Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)? Examples of Green Stormwater Infrastructure best management practices (BMPs): Bioswales Filter strips Infiltration galleries Green roofs Permeable pavement Sand filters Water harvesting & reuse Bioretention cells/rain gardens Wetland treatment systems Figure 10: Bioretention at Austin Bergstrom International Airport (M. Barrett 2015)
Problem Statement Limited application of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) strategies and low impact development (LID) at airports. Challenges to adaptation of GSI at airports: Safety limitations, Wildlife attractants, Uncertain performance, and Operation and maintenance costs.
Research Product Goal: Produce a Primer and a Guidebook to: Introduce GSI and LID concepts; Present the advantages and applications of GSI at airports; Guide the evaluation and selection of appropriate practices; and, Present case studies to highlight the results of the real world application of GSI at airports.
Approach and Methodology Phase 1: Research and Investigation Literature review Phase 2: Field Investigation/Feedback Interviews and focus groups Case studies Phase 3: Develop Primer and Guidebook Review of draft by partner airports Include practices in SAGA Sustainability database
Research Results Results of Literature Review, Interviews, Focus Groups and Site Visits with Airports: Water Quality and Quantity Concerns BMP Selection, Siting, and Design Capital and O&M Costs Wildlife Hazards Drivers Figure 4: Rainwater Harvesting at Taxi Waiting Area
Drivers Promoting GSI Regulations Stormwater Regulations Environmental/Sustainability Goals
Management of Wildlife Hazards Primary Concern Many ways to address Bird Balls at Northeast Ohio Regional Airport (Michael Baker International)
Primer Describes: Essentials of stormwater management and GSI Audience: Airport managers, planners, engineers, and aviation consultants Graphics and Sources: Additional resources at each stage. Goal not to reproduce existing documents Topics Covered Overview of stormwater management at airports History of stormwater regulations at airports Green vs. gray infrastructure Basic information on GSI BMPs Benefits of GSI Applicability of GSI to airports Challenges
Primer
Guidebook Guidebook provides a basic process that airport managers of any airport size or type can follow to: Assess their stormwater management needs including whether GSI may be applicable; and, Learn about and select appropriate GSI strategies.
Step 1: Understanding GSI Applicability of GSI at Airports Drivers (regulatory, environmental) Advantages of GSI Regulatory Support Implementation issues for airports Barriers - actual and perceived
Step 2: Gathering Assess your facility s needs Information Identify and assemble relevant information (permit requirements, wildlife hazard management, financial information, etc.) Consult with necessary departments Will help in tying GSI into airport master planning. Useful to prepare to communicate with stakeholders
Step 3: Screening GSI BMPs Clarify which areas of the airport may or may not be suitable for GSI Identify which BMPs may be appropriate Use airside and landside tables
Step 3: Screening GSI BMPs Step 3: GSI BMP Screening:
Step 4: Examining GSI BMPs Use information for the nine GSI BMPs: design features that can be customized, issues and constraints, performance, maintenance, costs
Step 4: Examining GSI Nine GSI BMPs BMPs 1: Bioretention (Bioretention Cells, Rain Gardens) 2: Green Roofs (Vegetated Roofs, Rooftop Garden) 3: Harvesting and Reuse (Rain Barrels, Cisterns) 4: Infiltration Galleries (Infiltration Trenches, Infiltration Basins) 5: Porous Pavement (Permeable Pavement, Porous Asphalt, Pervious Concrete, Pavers) 6: Sand Filters (Media Filters) 7: Filter Strips (Vegetated Filter Strips) 8: Bioswales (Vegetated Swales, Grassy Swales) 9: Wetland Treatment Systems (Constructed Wetlands, Conventional Stormwater Wetlands).
Step 5: Evaluate Feasibility Lead the user through evaluation of the BMPs of interest using guiding questions. Use all relevant information to conduct discussions with other airport staff as well as external stakeholders. Guiding questions illustrated with hypothetical airport example
Case Study: Seattle Tacoma International Airport Highlights of GSI BMPs: Bioswales receiving stormwater directly from streets and parking areas Vegetated filter strips installed along runways Enhanced bioswales polishing discharge from upstream detention ponds. Installation of Ecology Embankment BMP
Case Study: Seattle Tacoma Lessons Learned: International Airport Minimize hazards from open water associated with GSI Prevent wildlife access (e.g. netting) Discourage wildlife (e.g. high-density planning, undesirable vegetation) Capital costs for GSI not a major challenge Minimize GSI operation and maintenance (O&M) Consider O&M requirements and include O&M staff during design Complete upstream pollutant source control as much as possible prior to installation of new BMPs Consider installation of GSI BMPs at end of pipe rather than near the source Identify and reserve land for future GSI BMPs (potentially at end of runways in RSAs)
Case Study: San Diego International Airport Highlights of GSI BMPs Artificial turf infiltration area Porous pavement areas at rental car center, general aviation parking, south public parking area Bioswales at rental car center Rain gardens with curb cuts in medians
Case Study: San Diego Lessons Learned: International Airport Capital costs for GSI are not major challenge Deterioration of porous pavement does not appear to be a major operational issue Wildlife attractants are not a major issue as open water is minimized and endangered species habitat maintained adjacent to the runway and taxiway Local regulatory climate is increasing current and future use of GSI
For additional information: ACRP Report 174 Green Stormwater Infrastructure Volume 1: Primer Volume 2: Guidebook James Jolley, PE James.Jolley@cadmusgroup.com http://www.trb.org/publications/blurbs/176182.aspx
Today s Participants Jennifer Fuller, Division of Aviation, North Carolina Department of Transportation, jmfuller@ncdot.gov Dean Mericas, Mead & Hunt, Dean.Mericas@meadhunt.com Jeffrey Longsworth, Barnes & Thornburg, Jeffrey.Longsworth@btlaw.com Jim Jolley, The Cadmus Group, Inc., james.jolley@cadmusgroup.com
Today s Participants Jennifer Fuller, Division of Aviation, North Carolina Department of Transportation, jmfuller@ncdot.gov Dean Mericas, Mead & Hunt, Dean.Mericas@meadhunt.com Jeffrey Longsworth, Barnes & Thornburg, Jeffrey.Longsworth@btlaw.com Jim Jolley, The Cadmus Group, Inc., james.jolley@cadmusgroup.com
Panelists Presentations http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/webinars/170914.pdf After the webinar, you will receive a follow-up email containing a link to the recording
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