Breakthroughs in clean coal technologies International Coal and Climate Summit Warsaw 18 November 2013 Giles Dickson, VP Environmental Policies & Global Advocacy
Alstom and Clean Power Gas Coal Oil Hydro, Ocean, Tidal Nuclear (turbine island) Wind onshore and offshore Solar Geothermal Biomass FOR NEW PLANTS OR INSTALLED BASE
Alstom CO2 capture technologies CO 2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom Post-combustion (New + retrofit) Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) Advanced Amines Process Chilled Ammonia Process Oxy-combustion with ASU 2nd Generation 2nd Generation Regenerative Calcium Cycle (RCC) Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC)
Alstom portfolio of pilot/demo projects Completed TESTS COMPLETE OPERATING AEP Mountaineer USA 58 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Coal Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe, Germany 30 MWth, Oxy - Lignite TCM Mongstad Norway 40 MWth, Chilled Ammonia, CHP & Refinery Offgas (RCC) OPERATING OPERATING EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Fuel Total Lacq France - 30 MWth Oxy - Gas Alstom GPU Pilot (Mobile) 0.3 MWth EDF Le Havre France - 5 MWth Adv. Adv. Amines - Coal LARGE-SCALE PROJECTS (under development) WE - Energie USA WI - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Coal Alstom BSF Windsor US - 15 MWth Oxy - Coals Alstom Labs Växjö Sweden 0.25 MWth Post C.-multi purpose 2nd Gen 2nd Gen White Rose CCS Project UK - 426 MWe Oxy Hardcoal DOW Chemical Co. USA, WV Adv. Amines - Coal DOE/Alstom Windsor US - 3 MWth Chemical Looping, Coal RFCS EU - Darmstadt Germany - 1 MWth Chemical Looping - Coal
What we ve achieved Reached We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia CO 2 capture rate 90% CO 2 purity >99% Load [%] on net efficiency AEP Mountaineer USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia 90% >99.9% 25 First commercial units will be at or below 20% Dow Chemical Co. Charleston USA - Coal - Advanced Amines 90% >99.5% 20 15 Realistic limit Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe Germany - Lignite & Bit. Coal - Oxy 90% >99.7% 10 Pilot phase Demo phase Commercial phase Pilot operation confirm CO 2 capture works and performances are improving
Post-combustion: Advanced Amines Principle Amine based solvent reacts with CO 2 in flue gas Higher temperature reverses reaction: CO 2 released and solvent recycled Advantages Proven in natural gas & syngas purification CO 2 capture from flue gas is a new application More efficient capture of CO 2 and less solvent degradation than MEA Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants Source: Alstom A competitive post-combustion technology
Advanced Amine Pilot: EDF Le Havre (France) Designed to capture 25 tonnes CO 2 /day, 90% CO 2 capture Advanced flow scheme Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EdF facility) French government funding (ADEME) Project schedule: EdF Le Havre coal power plant (field pilot represented in orange) 2010-2014 program In operation 1 year test period (end in 2014)
Post-combustion: Chilled Ammonia Principle Ammonia/Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate Higher temperature reverses reaction, pressurized CO2 released, the solution recycled Advantages Energy-efficient capture of CO2 High CO2 purity (99.5+ vol%) Low CO2 compression power (High P Regen) Tolerant to flue gas oxygen and other impurities Stable solvent, no degradation No emission of volatile degradation products Low-cost, globally available reagent Valuable byproduct: ammonium sulfate A leading post-combustion technology
Chilled Ammonia Pilot: Mongstad (Norway) Unique Validation Features / Expectations Main validation facility for CO 2 Capture Mongstad CO 2 Sources: Flue gases from natural gas CHP plant Off-gases from the RCC Validation plant, designed to capture: 80 ktons CO 2 /year (RCC) & 22 ktons CO 2 /year (CHP) First CAP pilot on industrial source Incorporation of know how from previous pilots Compact and efficient layout (1300 m2) Ammonia first fill 29 October 2012 Testing in progress - program extended until November 2014 Mongstad validates chilled ammonia on gas & industrial
Oxy-combustion Principle Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to the absence of Nitrogen, the resulting flue gas already is a CO2 -rich gas, After water condensing and further purification, CO2 is compressed and sent to storage Advantages Reliable Technology Drastically reduced emission of SOx, NOx, particulates, mercury No CO2 capture chemicals required Offers options for operational flexibility Adaptable to all boiler types and fuels Can be a Retrofit solution A sustainable and competitive solution for power
White Rose Demonstration Project: 426MW Project Promoters Oxy-combustion Power Plant & CO 2 Capture CO 2 T & S Alstom Drax BOC Linde National Grid Capture Power Limited Capture Power Limited will enter into Agreements with UK Government Equal Shareholding between Partners
CCS on Gas
Costs of Alstom technology 13 pilots, several demo projects in development Global supply of turnkey power plants CCS experience Plant Integration experience Alstom study of Costs of Electricity from CCS Key component OEM Independent Validation of methodology and hypothesis; Update of asumptions every year
CCS costs study: assumptions Bituminous coal and gas Base case : base load operation: coal 7446 h/y; gas 6570 h/y Construction duration: coal 4.5 years; gas 2.5 years CO 2 Capture rate: 90% Learning curves applied until 2030 Full CCS Chain CAPEX and OPEX included: Base case 200 km transport to on-shore saline aquifer
Costs of CCS on Coal Coal price = 70,9 EUR/t Source : Alstom cost of electricity study 2013 All technologies in the same cost range : differences will be site-specific
CCS affordable on both gas and coal Euro / MWh net 100 HARDCOAL - EUROPE GAS - EUROPE 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Source: Alstom PCC 84 73 +71% +46% 49 50 REF CCS REF CCS 2015 2030 Transport &Storage Fuel Cost CCS/Coal REF Capex & Opex CCS/Gas REF Capex & Opex 65 55 +49% 43 +33% 42 REF CCS REF CCS 2015 2030 CCS Cost of Electricity Impact is lower on gas than on coal. Cost increase <50% by 2030 for both Coal and Gas Cost of CO2 avoided: 37 /t for coal and 49 /t for gas in 2030
CCS competitive with low carbon alternatives Investment decision for low carbon New PP over next 5 years Cost of Electricity by type - Expected range Source : Alstom analysis 2013 Competitiveness of CCS power plants Power-gen Europe - June 2013- P 17
2 nd generation technologies: Chemical Looping Principle OPERATION IN OXY-COMBUSTION Combustion occurs in an atmosphere free of nitrogen. In the Air Reactor, a solid carrier absorbs oxygen from the air and is conveyed to the Fuel Reactor where the oxygen is released and combustion with the fuel occurs. Solid carrier is then taken back to the Air Reactor, closing the loop. Oxygen carriers can be metal oxide or limestone-based. Alstom works on both types. Advantages Potential for low CoE and low energy penalty by limiting the cryogenic ASU of 1 st generation oxy process; Development from Alstom s CFB experience. Status 2 pilots in operation : 1 MWt (ÉCLAIR in Darmstadt University-Germany-RFCS funding) 3 MWt (Alstom Lab Windsor CT sponsored by US DoE) A promising breakthrough technology
2 nd generation technologies: Regenerative Calcium Cycle Principle A POST-COMBUSTION SYSTEM In the Carbonator, CO2 from the flue gas reacts with lime (CaO) forming limestone. In the Calciner, limestone is converted into lime and CO2, pure CO2 can then be easily captured; Lime is taken back to the carbonator, closing the loop. CO 2 -lean flue gas Make-up CaCO Pure CO 2 + 3 (limestone) H 2 O CARBONATOR CaCO 3 CALCINER Pure O 2 CaO + CO 2 CaCO 3 CaO CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 Coal Advantages Promising energy penalty and CoE; Flue gas from power plant or industry RCC produces Power : no loss of net electrical output (value for retrofit and industry) Widely used feedstock, potential synergies with industries like cement). Status 1 pilots in operation : 1 MWt (LISA in Darmstadt University-Germany-RFCS funding) CaO deactivated lime A new post-combustion system with potential for Power and Industry
Conclusions Technology proved at pilot plant: 90% capture @ 99% purity Next stage: full-scale demo plant Energy penalty falling CCS cost-competitive with other low-carbon technologies 2 nd generation technologies promising
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