Audio Presentation Session 3 DESIGN Project Delivery Education Program Construction Document Technology (CDT) Preparatory Course 2011 www.csinet.org This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of this presentation without written permission of the speaker and is prohibited. 2011 1 AIA is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 2
Learning Objectives To understand the process of converting Owner s program into written and graphic documents for schematic design and design development. To gain an insight into how quality is established for a Project. To identify the considerations that influence the design of a Project. To introduce the basic concepts of life cycle costs and value analysis. To identify the attributes that should be included in the evaluation and selection of products. 3 Session Outline STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 DESIGN A. Design 1. Schematic Design Documentation 2. Design Development Documentation 3. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Requirements 4. Procedures to Control Project Variables 5. Cost Estimate and Estimating Techniques Used During Design 6. Life Cycle Costs and Value Analysis 7. Documentation of Decision- Making Process 8. Design Considerations a. Aesthetics b. Regulatory Requirements c. Functional Requirements d. Sustainability (See session 01) e. Constructability f. Budget (See session 02) 9. Product Evaluation and Selection 4
DESIGN STUDY GUIDE AREA NO. 3 5 Dual Nature of Design Aesthetic Design Articulates products and materials into pleasing arrangements that form structures, forms, and spaces for specific purposes to house human activities Technical Design Determines the requisite qualities and attributes of those products and materials for the purpose of successfully constructing the facility so that it will durably fulfill its intended function and perform properly throughout its life cycle 6
DESIGN SCHEMATIC DESIGN DOCUMENTATION STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 1. For the purpose of this practice guide, design is defined as having two phases: schematic and design development. 7 Schematic Design Documentation Focus on preliminary design concepts Sketches and drawings in more detail than conceptual documentation Physical or electronic models Preliminary project descriptions 9.3 8
DESIGN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTATION STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 2. 9 Design Development Documentation Schematic design transforms into more detail More precise and specific drawings Physical or electronic models Outline specifications UniFormat TM 9.4 10
DESIGN QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 3. 11 Quality Quality is continuously refined throughout Facility Life Cycle Three parts represented in illustration below have to be balanced to achieve level of quality desired 8.9 and Figure 7.1 12
Quality Assurance (QA) Quality Control (QC) Quality Assurance (QA) Procedures for guarding against defects and deficiencies before and during execution of the Work (the ASTM referenced in the specification) Quality Control (QC) Procedures for evaluating completed activities and elements of the design for conformance with requirements (testing of the concrete in the field) QC for one action may become QA for next step in process 8.9 13 Participants Affect Quality Owner establishes level of quality A/E performs QA/QC Creates the design Makes product selections Prepares Construction Documents Establishes requirements Administers Construction Contract Administration Documents decisions Monitors costs Verifies constructability 8.9.2 14
DESIGN PROCEDURES TO CONTROL PROJECT VARIABLES STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 4. 15 Controlling Variables Times when variables are necessary Types of Variables Allowances Cash Allowance Quantity Allowance Alternates Unit Prices 8.14 16
DESIGN COST ESTIMATES AND ESTIMATING TECHNIQUES USED DURING DESIGN STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 5. 17 Cost Estimates Estimates are not prices, more like Opinions of Probable Cost Monitoring cost during design is necessary Changes to Extent, Time, or Cost causes changes in other two Estimating Techniques Order of Magnitude Unit of Measure Assemblies/Systems Unit Prices 8.11 18
DESIGN LIFE CYCLE COSTS AND VALUE ANALYSIS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 6. 19 Life Cycle Costs Based on total cost of ownership rather than initial costs Decisions made during design and construction have implications for cost over service life Considerations that influence Life Cycle Costs Design decisions about materials and equipment Maintenance, operation, and replacement of materials and equipment Alterations, renovations, improvements Initial construction Recycling, salvage, disposal Obsolescence Economic circumstances Technological advances 8.12 20
Value Analysis Also known as Value Enhanced Design or Value Engineering Evaluates design to identify potential alternative methods, systems, or materials that will enhance Life Cycle Value Earlier in the process is better than later Analysis Process Data-gathering Investigation Analytical/development Report Implementation Evaluation 8.13 21 DESIGN DOCUMENTATION OF DECISION-MAKING PROCESS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 7. 22
Documenting Decisions Important for Stakeholders and Participants To record decisions made and discussions in writing To establish a historical record 5.10.1 23 DESIGN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 8. a. Aesthetics b. Regulatory Elements c. Functional Elements d. Sustainability e. Constructability f. Budget 24
General Requirements A/E must use for Project Design Types of considerations Owner requirements Regulatory requirements Design influenced by Size Arrangement Elements Systems and subsystems Components 8.3 25 Aesthetics Components that elicit sensory (emotional) responses Abstract images representing Owner s purpose or identity A/E s own design inclinations Form, shape, volume, and textures Color, light, and shadows Locations, arrangements, and juxtapositions Harmony and dissonance Context with surroundings 8.4 26
Regulatory Requirements Codes and regulations establish requirements for design and construction of new and renovated buildings Minimum level of habitation quality Fire protection of property Life safety Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) Each level of government are empowered to create codes and regulations Authorized to enforce them within their jurisdiction Reviews documents and issues permits 4.1 through 4.4 27 Types Regulatory Requirements Building codes Zoning ordinances Deed restrictions or covenants Site use regulations Environmental Occupational safety and health Accessibility Health and sanitary 4.1 through 4.4 28
Project elements Functional Elements Relationships have to be arranged To ensure proper function According to Owner and Regulatory Requirements Adequate space Elements that complement other elements Efficient flow and movement patterns Suitability to construction type selected 8.5 29 Sustainability Discussed in Session 1 8.7 30
Constructability Review of documents to determine if design is practical to construct with means, methods, and products available within proposed time and Owner s budget Identifies areas of design that may be difficult or impractical to execute Determine other design options 8.6 31 Budget Discussed in Session 2 6.4 32
DESIGN PRODUCT EVALUATION AND SELECTION STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 - A. 9. 33 Identifying, Evaluating, and Selecting Establish performance requirements Identify product attributes complying with requirements Evaluate history of performance Review compatibility with other products 10.1 34
Materials Commodities Products Standard Custom Assemblies/Fabrications Equipment Types of Products 10.2 35 Evaluation and Selection Process Initial product identification Establish product criteria Nature of attributes Requirements Criteria Tests Project requirements Project Delivery Method Determine applicable criteria for evaluation Attribute categories for evaluation Physical properties Performance Sustainability Safety and protection Manufacturers Installers Cost Maintenance 10.5 36
Product Representative Services Technical Assistance Assistance in preparing specifications Assistance in preparing drawings Estimating cost Representative cost Project conditions Fabrication, shop assembly, shop finishing Testing and certifications Code considerations 10.6 37 Review Outline STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 3 DESIGN A. Design 1. Schematic Design Documentation 2. Design Development Documentation 3. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Requirements 4. Procedures to Control Project Variables 5. Cost Estimate and Estimating Techniques Used During Design 6. Life Cycle Costs and Value Analysis 7. Documentation of Decision- Making Process 8. Design Considerations a. Aesthetics b. Regulatory Requirements c. Functional Requirements d. Sustainability e. Constructability f. Budget 9. Product Evaluation and Selection 38