Disaster Risk Reduction in the Pacific Based on International Frameworks Japan International Cooperation Agency Disaster Risk Reduction Group 1
Key Message 1. Increase in economic loss and underlying risks 2. DRR as the development issue 3. Modality change - from HFA to Sendai 4. Primary responsibility to prevent and reduce disaster risk 5. Importance of the government for Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) 2
Increase in Natural Disasters Source: EM-DAT Emerging disaster risks Increase in economic loss and damage
Vulnerability of Small Islands World Destabilization Stagnant World Economy Flood & Cyclone Energy Crisis Smallness Dispersion Isolation Water Pollution Drought & Water Shortage Solid Waste Deterioration of Freshwater Lens Coastal Erosion Storm Surge Soil Contamination Climate Change and El Nino Overcrowded Population Escalating Food Prices Seawater Pollution 4
Disaster Risk Disaster Risk Hazard (natural phenomena) Vulnerability (social conditions) Exposure (physical factors)
Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster Risk DRR Governance Preparedness Risk Communication Awareness EWS Hazard Vulnerability Exposure Urban Planning Investment in Structural Measures
Disasters Obstruct Development Development Ideal Curve for Development Disaster Disaster Recovery Effort Disaster Development Obstructed by Disasters Lead Time for recovery Time 7
Negative Spiral of Poverty and Disaster The poor live in hazardous areas Disaster makes them poorer and more vulnerable Poverty Disaster Climate change and and disasters selectively impact lives and livelihood, and often disproportionally affect those least able to cope. (FRDP) -more severe living condition -being more vulnerable DRR is a development issue 8
Evolution of DRR concept Hyogo Framework for Action (2005) Humanitarian issue from HFA to Sendai Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015) Development issue Saving lives by Early warning Strategic Goals After Disasters Response and Recovery Investment and preparedness to mitigate damage Early warning Build Back Better Seven Global Targets Before Disasters Prevention and Mitigation 9
Guiding principles of Sendai Framework SIDS are recognized as countries facing specific disaster risk challenges that need special attention and support from International Society. Central Government of all countries are primarily responsible for Disaster Risk Reduction in their countries. Critical role of political leadership and commitment. And the central government agencies as key actors (Foreword of FRDP 2017-2030) 10
Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific An Integrated Approach to Address Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (FRDP) 2017-2030 Goals 1. Strengthened integrated adaptation and risk reduction to enhance resilience to climate change and disasters 2. Low-carbon development 3. Strengthened disaster preparedness, response and recovery 11
Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific An Integrated Approach to Address Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (FRDP) 2017-2030 1. Strengthened integrated adaptation and risk reduction to enhance resilience to climate change and disasters successfully managing risks caused by climate change and disasters, within social and economic development planning process and practices 12
Priority for Action 1 Understanding Disaster Risk Training course for Met Service staff in the Pacific Authentic and Advanced Technology 13
Priority for Action 2 Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance Capacity Development for administrators 14
Priority for Action 3 Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction Dyke and break water Weather observation station Mainstream DRR in Development No regret investment with safety margin Port Project taking CC into account
Priority for Action 4 Enhancing Disaster Preparedness Gauge and EWS operated by community Inclusiveness Community Center (Shelter) Improvement of evacuation route Volunteer working for Disaster Management Office
Capital Accumulation / Population No One-Size Fits All Early Warning and Evacuation + livelihood support after disaster Structural measures and urban planning to avoid economic damage Remote islands and rural areas Capital Cities and urban areas their vulnerabilities differs as countries have specific environmental, social and economic challenges (FRDP) Extent of Development Tailored Solution is required 17
Disaster Risk Reduction in SIDS Capital Cities and Urban Areas Land use plan and structural measures to prevent disaster loss Remote Islands and Rural Areas Early warning until the last mile and awareness to save life Livelihood support for quick recovery from disasters Investment to mitigate both slow onset events and major disasters 18
Self-help, Mutual help, Public help Public help National and local governments Mutual help Local and religious communities Self-help Families and neighbors Business Private companies Collaborative work among the public sector, communities, stakeholders and business the government plays the key role 19
To make islands resilient Integrated Strategy of DRR and CCA from national to local level Investment and Capacity Development to implement the strategies utilization of CCA funding to DRR Mainstreaming CCA and DRR into development Regional Approach Governments should encourage; Public Private Partnership Community Based Activities Multi-stakeholder engagement 20