Consultants Meeting on SMR Technology for Near Term Deployment, 2 4 May 2011 Status of SMR Designs and their associated Fuel Cycle for Immediate-, Near-, and Long-term Deployment M. Hadid Subki Nuclear Power Technology Development Section Division of Nuclear Power International Atomic Energy Agency
SMRs for Immediate Deployment Name Design Organization Country of Origin Electrical Capacity, Mwe Design Status 1 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR-220) NPCIL India 220 14 Units in Operation 2 2 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR-540) Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR-700) 3 KLT-40S OKBM 4 5 6 7 HTR-PM (Reference HTR-10) Central Argentina de Elementos Modulares (CAREM) Prototype Fast Breed Reactor (PFBR-500) Enhanced CANDU 6 (EC-6) NPCIL India 540 2 Units in Operation NPCIL India 700 4 Units under Construction Tsinghua University Russian Federation China, Republic of 70 2 Units Under construction 250 CNEA Argentina 27 IGCAR India 500 Atomic Energy of Canada Limited 8 CNP-300 CNNC Detailed Design, 2 Modules under construction Design Certification toward prototype construction in 2012 Under Construction Commissioning in 2012 Canada 700 Detailed Design China, Republic 300 2 units in Operation as
SMRs for Near-term Deployment Name Design Organization Country of Origin Electrical Capacity, MWe Design Status 1 System Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor (SMART) Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Republic of Korea 100 Detailed design 2 NuScale NuScale Power United States of America 45/module Plan to apply for certification in January 2012 3 mpower Babcock & Wilcox United States of America 125/module Plant to apply for certification later in 2012 4 BREST-300 RDIPE 5 SVBR-75/100 IPPE 6 ABV6M OKBM Russian Federation Russian Federation Russian Federation 300 Conceptual Design 75-100 Conceptual Design 11 Conceptual Design 7 8 Super-Safe, Small and Simple (4S) Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) Toshiba-CRIEPI Japan 10 Detailed Design ESKOM South Africa 100 Conceptual Design
SMRs for Long-term Deployment Name Design Organization Country of Origin Electrical Capacity, MWe Design Status 1 Westinghouse SMR Westinghouse United States of America 200 Conceptual Design 2 Holtec Inherently Safe Modular Underground Reactor (HI-SMUR 140) Holtec United States of America 140 Conceptual Design 3 Hyperion Power Module (HPM) Hyperion Power Generation United States of America 25 Conceptual Design 4 Power Reactor Innovative Small Moduler (PRISM) GE Hitachi United States of America 311 Detailed Design 5 Integrated Modular Water Reactor (IMR) Mitsubishi Japan 350 Conceptual Design 6 Flexblue AREVA-DCNS-CEA France 50-250 Conceptual Design 7 VK-100/300 RIAR Russian Federation 100/300 Conceptual Design
SMR for Immediate Deployment PHWR 220 Full name: PHWR 220 Designer: NPCIL - India Reactor type: Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors Coolant/Moderator: D 2 0 Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electric capacity: 754.5 MWt/210.8MWe Fuel Cycle: Closed end fuel cycle; natural uranium in dioxide form as fuel; The spent fuel bundles are reprocessed and the depleted uranium and plutonium are planned to be used in FBRs. A small quantity of reprocessed depleted uranium is also recycled in PHWRs. Salient Features: Twin unit module, with main plant buildings unitized. Design status: 14 units in Operation
SMR for Immediate Deployment KLT-40S Designer: OKBM Afrikantov Russian Federation Reactor type: Pressurized Water Reactors Floating Nuclear Cogeration Plant Coolant/Moderator: H 2 0 Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electric capacity: 300 MWt/70 MWe (twin modules) Fuel Cycle: Single-Loading of LEU fuel with initial uranium enrichment <20% to enhance proliferation resistance Salient Features: based on long-term experience of operating nuclear icebreakers; intended for district heating and electricity supply in Russia and electricity supply and desalination in developing countries Design status: 2 units under construction
SMR for Immediate Deployment HTR-PM Full name: Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Pebble Bed Module Designer: Tsinghua University, Republic of China Fuel: TRISO (UO 2 ) with 8.9% enrichment of fresh fuel element Thermal/Electric capacity: 450 MWt/110 MWe Fuel Cycle: Design burn-up to reach 100GWd/t to reduce fuel cycle cost Salient Features: high operation temperature; multiple-module reactors coupled to one high pressure superheated steam turbine generator, sharing common auxiliary systems Design status: 2 modules under construction
SMR for Immediate Deployment CAREM-25 Full name: Central Argentina de Elementos Modulares Designer: The National Atomic Energy Commission of Argentina (CNEA) Reactor type: Integral PWR Coolant/Moderator : Light Water Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 87.0 MWt/27 MWe Fuel Cycle: 14 months Salient Features: primary coolant system within the RPV, self-pressurized and relying entirely on natural convection. Design status: Design Certification to prepare for prototype deployment by 2012
SMR for Immediate Deployment PFBR 500 Full name: Prototype Fast Breed reactor 500 MWe Designer: IGCAR, India Reactor type: Fast Breeder reactor Coolant: Liquid sodium Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 1250 MWt/500 MWe Fuel Cycle: 6 months Salient Features: Passive decay heat removal system; it does not require water for emergency cooling in the case of an accident Design status: 1 unit under construction in Kalpakkam - India; commissioning in 2012
SMR for Near-term Deployment SMART Full name: System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor Designer: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Republic of Korea Reactor type: Integral PWR Coolant/Moderator: Light Water Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 330 MWt/100 MWe Fuel Cycle: 36-months Salient Features: Passive decay heat removal system in the secondary side; horizontally mounted RCPs; intended for sea water desalination and electricity supply in newcomer countries with small grid Design status: Detailed Design
SMR for Near-term Deployment NuScale Full name: NuScale Designer: NuScale Power, USA Reactor type: Integral Pressurized Water Reactor Coolant/Moderator: Light Water Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 150 MWt/45 MWe Fuel Cycle: on-line refueling Salient Features: Natural circulation cooled; Decay heat removal using containment; built below ground Design status: Plan to apply for certification in January 2012
SMR for Near-term Deployment 4: mpower Full name: mpower Designer: Babcock & Wilcox Modular Nuclear Energy, LLC(B&W), United States of America Reactor type: Integral Pressurized Water Reactor Coolant/Moderator: Light Water Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 500 MWt/125 MWe Fuel Cycle: 48-month or more Salient Features: integral NSSS, CRDM inside reactor vessel; Passive safety that does not require emergency diesel generator Design status: Began pre-application interactions in July 2009. Design certification application later in 2012.
SMR for Near-term Deployment BREST-OD-300 Designer: RDIPE, Russian Federation Reactor type: Small Liquid Metal (Lead) Fast Reactor Coolant: Lead Fuel: uranium-plutonium mono-nitride Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 700 MWt/300 MWe Fuel Cycle: closed fuel cycle which includes transmutation and in-pile burning of actinides, transmutation of long-lived fission products, radwaste purification from actinides, cooling and final radwaste disposal; Salient Features: Using a two-circuit heat transport system to deliver heat to a supercritical steam turbine. Design status: Conceptual design
SMR for Near-term Deployment 4S Full name: Super-Safe, Small and Simple Designer: Toshiba Corporation, Japan Reactor type: Liquid Sodium cooled, Fast Reactor but not a breeder reactor Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 30 MWt/10 MWe Fuel Cycle: without on-site refueling with core lifetime ~30 years. The movable reflector surrounding the core gradually moves, compensating the burn-up reactivity loss over 30 years. Salient Features: power can be controlled by the water/steam system without affecting the core operation Design status: Conceptual Design
SMR for Long-term Deployment PRISM Full name: Power Reactor Innovative Small Module Designer: GE Hitachi Nuclear, USA Reactor type: Small Liquid Metal (Sodium) cooled, underground Fast Breeder Reactor Coolant: Sodium Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 840 MWt/311 MWe Fuel Cycle: closed fuel cycle Salient Features: Underground containment on seismic isolators with a passive air cooling ultimate heat sink. Modular design with two reactor modules per power unit (turbine generator). Design status: Conceptual Design
SMR for Long-term Deployment Flexblue Full name: Flexblue Designer: DCNS, France Reactor type: Small Liquid Metal (Sodium) cooled, underground Fast Reactor Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Electrical Capacity: 50-250 MWe Fuel Cycle: --- Salient Features: based on the experience of building nuclear submarine and aircraft carrier; the nuclear capsule lowered 60-100 m to the seabed, at a site 5-15 km from the coast; electricity supplied to coast by submarine power cables Design status: Conceptual Design
SMR for Long-term Deployment Westinghouse SMR Full name: Westinghouse SMR Designer: Westinghouse Electric Company, USA Reactor type: Integral Pressurized Water Reactor Coolant/Moderator: Light Water Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: ~620MWt/200 MWe Fuel Cycle: 24 months Salient Features: CRDM inside RPV, horizontally mounted RCPs; referred to AP1000 as the reference plant, instead of to IRIS features Design status: Conceptual Design
SMR for Long-term Deployment FBNR Full name: Fixed Bed Nuclear Reactor Designer: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Reactor type: Integral Pressurized Water & High Temperature Gas cooled Reactor Coolant/Moderator: Light Water Neutron Spectrum: Thermal Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 134 MWt/40 MWe Fuel Cycle: Flexible fuel cycle Salient Features: conceptual PWR with CERMET spherical fuel; the core becomes empty of fuel elements, and nuclear criticality ceases, should any undesired situation occur. Design status: Conceptual Design
SMR for Long-term Deployment Hyperion Full name: Hyperion Power Module Designer: Hyperion Power Generation, Inc., USA Reactor type: Lead-bismuth eutectic, primary and secondary loops Coolant: Lead-bismuth Neutron Spectrum: Fast Neutrons Thermal/Electrical Capacity: 70 MWt/25 MWe Fuel Cycle: 10 years Salient Features: underground NPP Design status: Conceptual design