Deprtment of Employment, Economic Development nd Innovtion Downy mildew Powdery mildew Anthrcnose EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDE ALTERNATIVES FOR MANAGING POWDERY AND DOWNY MILDEWS ON CUCURBITS Elio Jovicich Chrys Akem Gerry McMnus Agri-Science Queenslnd, DEEDI, Ayr, Queenslnd, Austrli
Zucchini nd cucumer production issues tht ffect disese spred nd control Growers minly use of systemic nd contct fungicides Crops estlished with sequentil plntings Proximity etween crops; different growth stges Infected crops sometimes ndoned Crryover inoculum exposed to multiple sprys of the sme ctive ingredient Overuse of systemic fungicides fvour the survivl nd prolifertion of resistnt pthogen strins Frequent hrvests Disese control sometimes ineffective Dry Tropics Downy mildew Pseudoperonospor cuensis Powdery mildew Podospher xnthii Anthrcnose Colletotrichum oriculre 2
Selected products lterntive to conventionl fungicides nd spry rtes used in zucchini nd cucumer field trils in Ayr nd Bowen Active constituent Formultion Trde nme of tested product Mnufcturer or distriutor in Austrli Rte per h used (Volume 1 L/h 9-1 psi) Micronised sulfur 8 g/kg Microthiol Disperss Nufrm 11.2 kg Copper octnote 18 g/l Tricop Colin Cmpell (Chemicls) Pty Ltd 1 L Potssium icronte Ecocr Orgnic Crop Protectnts Pty Ltd 4 kg Phosphorus cid 6 g/l AgriFos-6 Agrichem Mfg. Co. 3 L Hydrogen peroxide + peroxycetic cid NPK + S + Si + C NPK + Si + humic cid 25g/L + 5g/L Pertec Jegr Austrli Pty Ltd 1 L NPK 1.7--5 + 4.1% S + 11% Si + 7% C NPK --15 + 2% Silic + 1% humic cid Enhnce KCS Agrichem Mfg. Co. 6 L Stnd SKH Agrichem Mfg. Co. 3 L Neem oil Trilogy Certis (USA) 1 L Cnol oil 85g/L Synertrol-Horti-Oil Orgnic Crop Protectnts Pty Ltd 5 L Green tee/te tree (Melleuc lternifoli) oil Acienzolr-s-methyl Chitosn (trce elements + fish proteins) 23.8 % (w/w) oil Timorex Gold 5 g/l or g/kg 3.7% (w/v) totl solids Bion or Actigrd Biomor Isrel Ltd [distri. y Colin Cmpell (Chemicls) Pty Ltd] 8 L Syngent Crop Protection Pty Ltd.7 kg Aminogro Orgnic Crop Protectnts Pty Ltd 1 L Cow s milk powder Milk food grde, commercil rnds 15 kg Propylene glycol lginte (hydrted) 28% (w/v) Cl-Agri-5NF Cl-Agri Products 4 L 3
Effectiveness in reducing one or more folir diseses in selected products lterntive to conventionl fungicides. Informtion in product lel or reports Trde nme of Powdery Active constituent tested product mildew Micronised sulphur Microthiol Disperss Climed control of folir disese in cucurits Downy mildew Anthrcnose Copper octnote Tricop Potssium icronte Ecocr Phosphorus cid AgriFos-6 Hydrogen dioxide Pertec Solule silicon Enhnce KCS Solule silicon Stnd SKH Neem oil Trilogy Cnol oil Synertrol-Horti-Oil Green tee oil Timorex Gold Acienzolr-s-methyl Bion Chitosn Aminogro Cow s milk (powder) Milk Propylene glycol lginte Cl-Agri-5NF 4
Selected conventionl spry progrm s control: min constituent ingredients nd commercil products used Week Active ingredient Formultion 1 & 2 Dimethomorph + Mncoze 5 g/l + 75 g/kg Commercil product tested Acrot SC + Mncoze Distriutor in AU BASF Austrli Ltd Frmoz Pty Ltd Spry rte per h 36 ml+ 1.6 kg 3 Mncoze 75 g/kg Mncoze 75 Frmoz Pty Ltd 1.6 kg 4 Bupirimte 25 g/l Nimrod Frmoz Pty Ltd 6 ml 5 Mncoze 75 g/kg Mncoze 75 Frmoz Pty Ltd 1.6 kg 6 Chlorotlonil 72 g/l Brvo Syngent Crop 2.5 L Protection Pty Ltd 5 Mncoze 75 g/kg Mncoze 75 Frmoz Pty Ltd 1.6 kg 5
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Efficcy of spry products on powdery mildew nd totl fruit yield (12 hrvests in 4-week period) in Congo zucchini plnted in Bowen in 6 July 29 12 1 8 6 4 2 A Powdery mildew severity (petioles) Yield A AB AB A AB AB c c AB AB 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 Microthiol Stndrd Bion Tricop Trilogy Milk Timorex Cl-Agri-5NF Synertrol-Horti-Oil Agrifos-6 Ecocr StndSKH EnhnceKCS Aminogro Pertec Wter No_spry Powdery mildew severity (AUDPC) Fruit yield (t/h) g A f DE de de de d AB BC c c cd d d d
Efficcy of spry products on powdery mildew in Congo zucchini plnted in Ayr in 4 June 29. Single disese severity rting, top nd low cnopy leves, t the end of the crop (12 Aug.) 1 1 Powdery mildew severity (%) Powdery mildew severity (%) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 g Top cnopy (petioles) Low cnopy (petioles) d d e e f (men seprtion test) c c d d d 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Microthiol Tricop Milk StndSKH Stndrd EnhnceKCS Cl-Agri-5NF Trilogy Bion Wter Timorex Aminogro Synertrol-Horti-Oil Ecocr Agrifos-6 No_spry Pertec 8
Efficcy of spry products on downy mildew severity, powdery mildew, nd totl fruit yield (16 hrvests in 5-week period) in Congo zucchini plnted in Ayr in 4 June 29. 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Downy mildew (low cnopy leves) Powdery mildew (low cnopy petioles) 4 A 35 3 D 25 2 15 A Fruit yield AB AB AB AB AB AB AB AB AB AB CD BC BC c c cd d 1 5 9 Bion Stndrd Agrifos-6 Microthiol Tricop Ecocr Synertrol-Horti-Oil Cl-Agri-5NF StndSKH Wter Timorex Trilogy Pertec No_spry EnhnceKCS Aminogro Milk Downy mildew severity (AUDPC) nd Powdery Mildew coverge (%) Fruit yield (t/h)
Efficcy of spry products on downy mildew nd totl fruit yield (9 hrvests in 4-week period) in Crystl Sld cucumer plnted in Ayr in 29 June 29 6 5 4 3 2 1 A A Downy mildew severity Yield cd cd cd de 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1 Stndrd Bion Microthiol Tricop Trilogy Agrifos-6 Milk Synertrol-Horti-Oil Timorex EnhnceKCS Pertec Cl-Agri-5NF Aminogro StndSKH Ecocr No_spry Downy mildew severity (AUDPC) Fruit yield (t/h) g fg E BC f de de CD B B B CD c c c BC C C CD CD CD D
Efficcy of spry products on nthrcnose severity nd totl fruit yield (12 hrvests in 5-week period) in Gremlin cucumer plnted in Ayr in 5 August 29. Anthrcnose severity (AUDPC) 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A c B c AB c c C Anthrcnose severity Fruit yield AB AB AB B B B 6 5 4 3 2 1 Fruit yield (t/h) Stndrd Bion Tricop Microthiol Milk Trilogy Synertrol-Horti-Oil Pertec Timorex No_spry 11
Reltive effectiveness of spry products for controlling folir diseses in cucumer nd zucchini in North Qld. in 29 Good to medium Weekly sprys with the sme product during the crop seson Cucumer Medium to low Low to none Ph/Yr Phytotoxicity / Yield reduction Zucchini Downy mildew Anthrcnose Downy mildew Powdery mildew Bion Ph/Yr Ph/Yr Microthiol Yr Yr Tricop Trilogy Ph AgriFos 6 not tested milk Synertrol Horti Oil Timorex Enhnce KCS not tested Stnd SKH not tested Pertec ClAgri 5NF not tested Ph Ph Ecocr not tested Reltive disese suppression to conventionl fungicides nd no spry controls. Weekly sprys t runoff volumes 12
Alterntive spry products for controlling folir diseses in cucumer nd zucchini Tricop, Microthiol, Bion nd AgriFos 6 provided cceptle downy mildew control; however Microthiol nd Bion cused phytotoxicity in cucumers. Tricop, Microthiol, Stnd SHK, milk, Timorex, Synertrol Horti Oil, Agri-Fos 6, Ecocr nd Aminogro provided cceptle control of powdery mildew. Although some of these lterntive products used lone in weekly spry progrm were not s effective s conventionl fungicides for suppressing the trget folir diseses, they provided degree of control tht should mke them good components in n integrted disese mngement progrm tht includes cultivrs with disese resistnce nd reduced numer of systemic fungicide pplictions. 13
Acknowledgments Project VG7127 Integrted Mngement of Folir Diseses in Vegetle Crops Plnt Pthology tem Chrys Akem Elio Jovicich Gerry Mc Mnus Kerry-lee Stockdle Dlvinder Lkhesr Pul Boccltte Horticulture Austrli Limited Agri-Science Queenslnd, Deprtment of Employment, Economic Development nd Innovtion Seed compnies Cluse Lefroy Vlley Terrnov Syngent Seminis SPS Chemicl compnies Colin Cmpell (Chemicls) Pty Ltd Orgnic Crop Protectnts Pty Ltd. Agrichem Mfg. Co. Jegr Austrli Pty Ltd Nufrm Syngent Crop Protection Pty Cl Agri, Products LLC Byer Austrli Ltd 14