National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Strategies for Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Ministry of Agriculture Govt. of India 2011
Climate change is no more an environmental concern. It has emerged as the biggest developmental challenge for the planet. ( UNDP 2009) 2
Interplay Climatic Variability and Extreme Events Risks Food System Farm or Cropping System Crop and Livestock Agriculture sector being closely tied to natural resource base is more vulnerable to climate change (NAPCC) 3
Risks on Agriculture Crops Lower Productivity Poor quality of Produce Soil and Water Resources Degradation and Depletion Affects Livelihood Food Security and Economy Agrarian Distress Livestock and Fisheries Additional Heat Stress Impact on Aquatic Habitat 4
Risks From Agriculture 17.6% of total GHG is from Agriculture 63.4% contributed by Livestocks and 20.9% by Rice Cultivation 5 Million Tonnes of CO2 Equivalent Source: MoEF, 2010
Climate Change Projections Climatic Variability and Extreme Events Temperature Rise: 0.2 degree Centigrade per decade Mean Summer Rainfall to increase Frequent and Longer dry spells Shorter but Heavier Precipitation Events Hot Extremes, Heat Waves to be more common Contraction of Snow Cover Rise in Sea Levels IPCC-2007 Degradation of Natural Resources (Land/Water/Bio- diversity) 6
Impacts Reduction of Agriculture Yields in Long Term: Upto 40% by 2100 (NAPCC) If no adaptation and mitigation measures are taken 7
Conceptualizing NMSA Beginning the Process Brain-Storming Session chaired by Hon ble AM Consultations Stakeholders Ministries and Departments Knowledge Institutions (TERI, ICRISAT, CRIDA) State Governments Formulation of Approach Paper Preliminary Draft Document Expert Review Dr. K Kasturirangan Dr. M S Swaminathan Prof. Abhijit Sen Dr. G S Kalkat Final Draft Document 8
Vision Transform Agriculture into Climate Resilient Production system Contribute to Economic Stability at the National Level Ensure Food Security and Equitable Access to Food Resources Grow and Ecologically Sustain agricultural production to its Fullest Potential Enhance Livelihood Opportunities 9
Focus Dryland Farming Strategic Planning at Agro Climatic Zone Level Customized interventions to enhance productivity Easy access to Information and Institutional Support Linking Laboratory to Land To realize the enormous agricultural growth potential of the drylands and secure farm-based livelihoods through customized crop varieties and practices To contextualize action plans to regional scales for improving efficiency and effectiveness in R&D, Technology, Product & Practices, Capacity building Use of Bio Technology, Management of heat stress in livestock, Improving water use efficiency, Soil conservation, Capacity building Access to information, Risk Management, Market Infrastructure Institutional Linkages with stakeholders, civil society Model Village and Farm Units Establishing Linkages between Research, Industry and Farmers
Approach Research and Development Technology, Products and Practices Infrastructure Capacity Building Dimensions Functional Areas 11
Functional Areas Research and Development Technology, Product and Practices Infrastructure Capacity Building Biotechnology, Drought resistant Crops Livestock Research on Dryland Agriculture Resource Conservation Technology Agricultural Mechanization Integrated Farming Financial Infrastructure (Insurance, Credit) Market Infrastructure Information Network Farmer-Industry-Institution Linkage Knowledge Management 12
Programme of Action Mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation measures in ongoing Interventions through upscaling and course-correctioncorrection Introduction of new programmatic interventions Policy Instruments and Convergence 13
Mainstreaming, Embedding and Upscaling Agricultural inputs, Farm mechanization, Organic Farming, Micro Irrigation (NHM, NFSM, RKVY, NPMSF) Research on Crop, Livestock, Agriculture Census (NAIP, FFDS, NPCBB) Markets, Insurance, Credit (TMC, WBCIS, NAIS, KCC) Extension (RKVY, ATMA, KVK) New Interventions Agricultural Intelligence System Market research (Production-Retail chain) Resource Conservation Technologies (RCT) Management of feeding schedule for livestock Web based digitized climatic information and forecasting system 14
Policy Instruments Crop insurance Financial incentives for Resource Conservation Water policies and pricing Agriculture Power, Renewable Energy Convergence Agro-Forestry- National Mission for a Green India Water Pricing, Water Efficiency- National Water Mission Energy Pricing for Irrigation, Energy Efficiency- National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency Knowledge Management- National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change 15
Institutional Framework National Level Co-Ordination Inter- Ministerial Co-Ordination Central and State Governments Knowledge Institutions, Stakeholder Ministries (Min. of Water Resources; Power; Environment and Forest; Rural Development; Earth Sciences; Science and Technology, Finance, etc.) Intra- Ministerial Co-Ordination Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Agricultural Research & Education, NGO s, Civil Society, Private Partners and Other Stakeholders 16
in Million Tonnes Outcome 320 300 Projected total foodgrain productions that could be achieved after proposed interventions 301.00 280 260 240 234.3 Projected total foodgrain production to meet demand 251.9 248.00 240.1 238.82 286.20 281 271.10 271.2 261.33 261.6 257.05 252.22 247.75 243.29 Probable yield loss due to climate change 220 217.90 223.29 200 2010-2011 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-21 17
Outcome Scenario 2020: Foodgrain Demand- 281 Million Tonnes Worst Case Scenario Optimum Scenario Climate Change impacts Food Grains Productions and No Adaptation & Mitigation Measures are taken Food Grain Production: 261 Million Tonnes (Shortfall: 20 Million Tonnes) Climate Change impacts agriculture but Adaptation and Mitigation Measures are implemented Food Grain Production: 281 Million Tonnes (Shortfall: NIL) Best Case Scenario Food grain production surpasses target and reaches 301 Million Tonnes (Excess: 20 Million Tonnes) 18
Financial Implication Infrastructure (29%) Capacity Building (5%) Research and Development (6%) Technology, Product and Practices (60%) Rs. 1,08,000 Crores in form additional budgetary support (Upto 2016-17 at current prices) 19
Specific Issues Genesis of Proposed Interventions Rationale for Repetitions of ongoing schemes Risk and Insurance Model Strategy Document that identifies adaptation and mitigation measures [ Plan of Action envisages both Upscaling and New Interventions Revisiting existing model and Piloting new model 20
Specific Issues Automatic Weather Stations Role of Panchayat/Local Govt and State Govt. More Carbon Sequestration Convergence with IMD Proposed active Participation as implementing agency Research and promotion of higher carbon (C4) pathways in low carbon (C3) plants, genetic manipulation of enzymes such as RuBisco for effectiveness of use of CO2 21
Specific Issues Creating pool of trained Manpower, Changing the Mindset and Capacity Building Engaging Private Partners Limited absorbing Capacity of Implementing agencies. Capacity Building is one of the Functional Areas; Sensitization of stakeholders through creating awareness and capacity building Creating Conducive Environment for Private Sector, PPP Multi-Agency Framework, Horizontal Expansion, less vertical loading 22
Specific Issues Linkage with ICAR and Dept of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Financial Procedures Prioritization of Proposed Interventions Active Participations and consultations EFC /RKVY on need basis Identification of Annual Deliverables 23
Annual Deliverables Goals, Stepwise Timeframe and Annual Deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture Stepwise Time Frame and Annual Deliverables ** ( Cumulative progress in % or quantified units) Sl. No Goals Activities Deliverables (2011-2017) 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 1 2 3 4 Developm ent of Natural Resources Improving Water Use Efficiency Developm ent of Horticultur al Sector Productivit y enhancem ent in Crop Sector Water Harvesting, Watershed Development, Development of degraded/saline/sodic agricultural land. Promoting Micro Irrigation (Drip, Sprinkler), providing last mile connectivity from water source, adoption of efficient irrigation technology. Promoting new technologies e.g., poly house etc, Dissemination of improved farm practices, Reduction of post harvest losses through strengthening cold chain etc. Promoting crop diversification, adoption of hybrid rice, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Contingency Cropping etc. Area Coverage: 3 Area Coverage: 12.5 Area Coverage: 1. Area Coverage: 10. --- --- 0.1 1.0 0.25 1.0 0.15 1.0 0.25 3.0 0.15 2.0 1.0 3.0 0.2 2.0 1.0 3.0 0.2 2.0 0.5 2.5 0.2 2.0 24
Annual Deliverables Goals, Stepwise Timeframe and Annual Deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture Stepwise Time Frame and Annual Deliverables ** ( Cumulative progress in % or quantified units) Sl. No Goals Activities Deliverables (2011-2017) 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 11 12 Developing Safety Net Improved Access to Insurance and Credit National Agricultural Insurance Scheme(NAIS) and Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme(MNAIS) Scheme with desirable improvements in assessment/ calculation of threshold yield/ guarantee yield, reducing the insurance unit to village level etc. Extension of Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) to remaining states and UT's. Provision for interest holiday for farmers affected by extreme events. Coverage: 350 districts with 25% penetration by 2017. Coverage: 300 districts by 2017. A special corpus would be created which would be managed by Financial Institutions (FI) for this purpose. 25 districts 10 districts 25 districts 20 districts 50 districts 50 districts 5% 25% 65% 75 districts 70 districts 100 % 75 districts 75 districts 100 districts 75 districts 25
Annual Deliverables Goals, Stepwise Timeframe and Annual Deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture Stepwise Time Frame and Annual Deliverables ** ( Cumulative progress in % or quantified units) Sl. No Goals Activities Deliverables (2011-2017) 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 15 Capacity Building of Stakeholders Expansion of farmer - institution industry interface mechanism; Frontline Demonstration of resource conserving technology; Introducing vocational courses for land based and non-land based income generating activities to supplement livelihoods.; Strengthening and expanding the coverage of Training Institutions including Farmers schools; Knowledge Management and dissemination of best practices; Organization of Model Training courses for climate risk management and sustainable agriculture. Providing 200 additional demonstrations in each block per annum. Addition of 5 Farmer Field Schools (FFS) per block per annum. Training of additional one crore farmers with special focus on sustainable agriculture and climate change under National Skill Development Mission 200/ block 5 FFS/ Block 5 lakhs 200/ block 5 FFS/ Block 15 lakhs 200/ block 5 FFS/ Block 20 lakhs 200/ block 5 FFS/ Block 20 lakhs 200/ block 5 FFS/ Block 20 lakhs 26 200/ block 5 FFS/ Block 20 lakhs
Summing Up Food Security Economic Stability Equitable Access to Food Livelihood Opportunities Ecologically Sustainable Agricultural Growth through progressive Adaptation and Mitigation 27
Thanks 28