Dikran J. Martin Psychology 110 Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 11 Intelligence: Pages: 20 Cognitive, Practical, Emotional TEXT: Baron, Robert A. (2001). Psychology (Fifth Edition). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Principal Features Intelligence: Contrasting Views of Its Nature "The term intelligence refers to individuals' abilities to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by careful thought." Question: Why do we place so much importance on evaluating (413) others' (and our own) intelligence? Intelligence: Unitary or Multifaceted? "Is intelligence a single characteristic, or does it involve several different components?" Question: What is Charles Spearman's general factor (termed g) (414) interpretation of intelligence? -1-
Intelligence: Unitary or Multifaceted? (Continued) Question: What is Charles Thurstone's multifactor view of intelligence? (414) Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences Question: What is Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? (414-415) [Illustrations] Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. -2-
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: The Value of Practical Intelligence Question: What is Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? (415) [Illustrations] Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence. Cattell's Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Question: What is Raymond B. Cattell's theory of intelligence? (416) -3-
Measuring Intelligence Question: What was the contribution of Alfred Binet and Theodore (416-417) Simon to the evaluation of human intelligence? IQ: Its Meaning Then and Now Question: What do the letters IQ represent? (417) [Illustration] IQ -4-
The Wechsler Scales Question: What was the contribution of David Wechsler to the (417-418) evaluation of human intelligence? [Illustrations] David Wechsler's evaluation of human intelligence. (418) Individual Tests of Intelligence: Measuring the Extremes Question: What are the different degrees of mental retardation? (419) -5-
Individual Tests of Intelligence: Measuring the Extremes (Continued) Question: What standard did Lewis Terman set for the study of (419-420) intellectually gifted people? Group Tests of Intelligence Question: Why were group tests of intelligence developed and why have (421-422) are they useful? Research Methods: How Psychologists Evaluate Their Own Assessment Tools: Basic Requirements of Psychological Tests Test Standardization: A Sound Basis for Comparison Question: What is test standardization? (422) -6-
Research Methods: How Psychologists Evaluate Their Own Assessment Tools: Basic Requirements of Psychological Tests (Continued) Reliability: The Importance of Consistency Question: What is an unreliable test? (423) Question: What is test reliability? Question: What is split-half reliability of a psychological test? Question: What is test-retest reliability of a psychological test? Validity: Do Tests Measure What They Claim to Measure? Question: What is test validity? -7-
Research Methods: How Psychologists Evaluate Their Own Assessment Tools: Basic Requirements of Psychological Tests (Continued) [Example] Low validity. (424) Question: What is test content validity? Question: What is test criterion-related validity? Question: In sum, how do intelligence tests stack up with respect to reliability and validity? -8-
The Cognitive Basis of Intelligence: Processing Speed Question: What is test inspection time and what does it measure? (425) The Neural of Intelligence: Intelligence and Neural Efficiency Question: What is the concept of intellectual neural efficiency? (426) from to PRACTICE Predicting Career Success: Competency Assessment Question: What is the competency assessment approach in psychological (426-427) testing? [Evidence] The usefulness of competency assessment. (427) -9-
Human Intelligence: The Role of Heredity and the Role of Environment Evidence for the Influence of Heredity "Several lines of research offer support for the view that heredity plays an important role in human intelligence." [Evidence] The role of heredity in intelligence. (428-431) -10-
Evidence for the Influence of Environmental Factors "Genetic factors are definitely not the entire picture where human intelligence is concerned " "Other findings point to the conclusion that environmental variables, too, are important." [Evidence] The influence of environmental factors in intelligence. (431-433) -11-
Environment, Heredity, and Intelligence: Summing Up "There is considerable evidence that both environmental and genetic factors play a role in intelligence. This is the view accepted by almost all psychologists " "Greater controversy continues to exist, however, concerning the relative contribution of each of these factors." [Issue] The relative influence of heredity and environmental factors in (433) intelligence. Human Intelligence: The Role of Heredity and the Role of Environment Group Difference in IQ Scores: Evidence for the Role of Environmental Factors Question: What's the meaning of the following statement? " some critics have suggested that the tests (434) themselves suffer from cultural bias." -12-
Group Difference in IQ Scores: Evidence for the Role of Environmental Factors (Continued) [Evidence] Group differences in IQ scores: Environmental factors. (434-435) Group Difference in IQ Scores: Is There Any Evidence for the Role of Genetic Factors? " the suggestion (exists) that group differences in intelligence stem largely from genetic factors." Question: What is the genetic hypothesis view of human intelligence? (436) -13-
Group Difference in IQ Scores: Is There Any Evidence for the Role of Genetic Factors? (Continued) The genetic hypothesis has been "challenged vigorously by many psychologists." [Issue] Challenge of the genetic hypothesis of intelligence. (436-437) Gender Differences in Intelligence "Do males and females differ in intelligence?" [Evidence] Gender differences in intelligence. (437-438) -14-
Emotional Intelligence: The Feeling Side of Intelligence Question: What is emotional intelligence? (439) Major Components of Emotional Intelligence "Daniel Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence consists of five major parts " KNOWING YOUR OWN EMOTIONS Question: What are the implications of knowing your own emotions (439-440) insofar as Daniel Goleman is concerned? MANAGING YOUR OWN EMOTIONS Question: What are the implications of managing your own emotions (440) insofar as Daniel Goleman is concerned? -15-
MOTIVATING OURSELVES Question: What is the relationship of motivation and emotional (440) intelligence insofar as Daniel Goleman is concerned? RECOGNIZING AND INFLUENCING OTHERS' EMOTIONS Question: What are the implications of recognizing and influencing others' emotion insofar as Daniel Goleman is concerned? HANDLING RELATIONSHIPS Question: What are the implications of handling relationships insofar (440--441) as Daniel Goleman is concerned? -16-
Emotional Intelligence: Evidence of Its Existence and Effects " researchers have put the concept of emotional intelligence to the test, trying to determine whether the distinct skills described by Goleman cluster together as a single (if multifaceted) factor, and whether this factor influences important life outcomes." [Evidence] The existence and effects of emotional intelligence. (441-442) -17-
Creativity: Generating the Extraordinary Question: What is creativity insofar as psychologists are concerned? (442) Question: Why is creativity important insofar as psychologists are (442-443) concerned? Contrasting Views of Creativity "A basic question about creativity is 'What factors produce it'?" Question: What is the difference between mundane creativity and (443) exceptional creativity? -18-
Contrasting Views of Creativity (Continued) " a view (of creativity) known as confluence approach has gained considerable acceptance (as a psychological view of creativity)." Complete the following: " creativity requires a confluence of six distinct resources: Intellectual abilities: (443) Knowledge: Certain styles of thinking: (444) Personality attributes: An environment that is supportive of creative ideas. -19-
Research on Creativity: Evidence for the Confluence Approach "A growing body of evidence offers support for the confluence approach." [Evidence] Evidence for the confluence approach view of creativity (444) END -20-