Processing Options to Achieve Florida s 75% Recycling Target Recycle Florida Today Mike Muffels, M. Sc., P.Eng Alice Varkey, P.Eng. June 9, 2015 Overview 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Background Waste Composition in Florida Recycling Credits Overview of Technologies Considerations Summary Questions & Answers 1
Waste Options for Handling Waste Disposal at Landfill Thermal Technologies Recycling Mechanical Biological Treatment Source Separated Organics Processing Composting Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Recycling Target for Florida Florida DEP s 75% Recycling Goal In 2008, Florida established a new statewide recycling goal of 75% to be achieved by the year 2020 Targets municipal solid waste including wastes from residential, commercial, and institutional sectors Statewide recycling rate currently 49% (2013) http://www.epa.gov/solidwaste/nonhaz/municipal/hierarchy.htm Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover 2
Why Recycle Waste? Environmental Impact reducing methane, greenhouse gas (GHG) Landfill Management increasing in the capacity/life of existing landfills Bioenergy converting waste to electricity or compressed natural gas Soil Amendment converting organics to compost; organic matter back to soil Sustainability Source: DEP Solid Waste Management in Florida 2013 Annual Report http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/recycling/swreportdata/13_data.htm, 3
Source: DEP Solid Waste Management in Florida 2013 Annual Report http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/recycling/swreportdata/13_data.htm, Source: DEP Solid Waste Management in Florida 2013 Annual Report http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/recycling/swreportdata/13_data.htm, 4
Recycling Credits Recycling Credits from Renewable Energy are 22% of current recycling rate 5
Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Credits 1 MWh = 1 or 1.25 tons recycled 2013: 11 WTE facilities @ 2,952,049 MWh 8.3 million tons to divert from 15 million >2 tons MSW = 1 ton recycling credit WTE not a silver bullet WTE max. half of remaining credits Opportunity: can be used for difficult to recycle materials high calorific residues e.g. Misc. = 9.2% of MSW; 14% recycled - Or 3-4% of total diversion rate Landfill Gas (LFG) Credits 2013: 335,764 MWh from LFG Operational LFG: 880,000 MWh ~40% of credits claimed Planned & Constructing: 100,000 MWh With collection systems: 880,000 MWh Landfills with potential: 980,000 MWh Opportunity: Credits from historical waste Are all LFG credits being claimed? At 40% uptake, additional 750,000 MWh Or 3% of total diversion rate Source: EPA Landfill Methane Outreach Program Data 6
Source: DEP Solid Waste Management in Florida 2013 Annual Report http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/recycling/swreportdata/13_data.htm, Material Recovery Facility Clean MRF Dual stream or single stream Dirty MRF Garbage, a.k.a. MBT (next slide) Combination of manual and automatic sorting lines to recover recyclables for re-use end markets Cleaner streams = increased recovery rates Less source separation = higher participation Municipalities have had success when garbage is less convenient than recycling (3 bin, garbage biweekly) 7
http://www.valorgas.soton.ac.uk/pub_docs/jyu%20ss%202013/valorgas_jyu_2013_lecture%2011.pdf Mechanical Biological Treatment - SBI Omrin, the Netherlands Facility Description 250,000 tons/year MSW Wet pre-processing with energy production Full dry and wet MRF Lessons Learned MSW can be biologically processed Possible solution for non SSO systems How can organics be utilized? 60-75% Diversion - Depending on use of sand and coarse inerts Footer text here 8
Mechanical Heat Treatment - Autoclave Waste sterilized with steam at high temp. and at pressure for 45 min. Fibrous disintegrates Plastics soften Glass/metal cleaned Applied in Europe How can organics be used? Source: DEP Solid Waste Management in Florida 2013 Annual Report http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/recycling/swreportdata/13_data.htm, 9
SSO Composting City of Guelph Facility Description Completed in 2012 33,000 tons source-separated organics (SSO)/year processing capacity 4 Phase 1 and 3 Phase 2 compost tunnels Maturation hall Biofilter odor treatment & stack SSO Anaerobic Digestion City of Toronto Disco Road Facility Description 82,000 tons/year SSO 150,000 tons/year generated by City City-owned, privately operated Constructed on a landfill 75% of SSO diverted 10
Waste-to-Biofuel Enerkem Alberta Biofuels http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/ewmc_for_web_july_2012v1.pdf Budget What Factors should be Considered? Recycling increase per dollar spent Volume and composition of waste Existing processing options and capacity Material collection: access, storage Suitability and reliability of new technology options 11
Financial Considerations Capital Costs Operating Costs Recovering Costs Grants Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) Potential sale of compost material generated Potential sale of biogas or liquid fuel generated Electricity/Thermal Compressed Natural Gas Questions/Contacts Pensacola Mike Muffels MMuffels@craworld.com Tampa Altamonte Springs West Palm Beach Fort Myers Phone: (519) 884-0510 Alice Varkey AVarkey@craworld.com Phone: (813) 971-3882 www.craworld.com 12