Clean Energy from Landfill Gas: Power Generation and Transportation Applications Serpil Guran, Ph.D., Director The Rutgers EcoComplex Clean Energy Innovation Center
Outline Quick overview of the EcoComplex activities Landfill gas as a viable clean energy source Areas of utilization The EcoComplex applications Environmental benefits Summary 2
Clean Energy Innovation Center 3
The EcoComplex: The EcoComplex is a multi-institutional, multidisciplinary environmental and alternative/clean energy innovation center of Rutgers University that harnesses research and education resources towards the development and industrial application of innovative environmental and clean energy technologies. The Center also serves as a Business Incubator and houses 14 start-up companies. 4
EcoComplex Infrastructure Features: 32,000 sq. ft. office and wet-lab building 56,000 sq. ft. of greenhouse space Scale-up and demonstration space 5
The EcoComplex: Vision: The EcoComplex leads the establishment of a nationally recognized clean energy innovation cluster in Mid-Atlantic and North East Region that is based on partnership, collaboration and the successful development and commercialization of new alternative energy technologies. Mission: To promote vibrant economic development in the clean energy, environmental and controlled environment agriculture areas. 6
Expanded Objectives To be a catalyst in developing key partnerships between innovative energy & environmental businesses, Rutgers University, investors and the State Strive to make the center a regionally and nationally recognized: Clean Energy Innovation Center Lead other clean energy incubators nationwide by setting an example of a successful clean energy incubator model! 7
Strategic Alliances Rutgers EcoComplex has built strategic alliances with leading institutions and agencies throughout the State, region and nation to more effectively deliver on its mission, such as: NJDEP, NJBPU, NJEDA, Business Action Center &NJDA NJ Business Incubator Network New Jersey Technology Council & NJ Farm Bureau Clean Energy Alliance USDOE USDA USEPA National Labs (NREL, Brookhaven) 8
New Jersey Facts: New Jersey waste generation is much higher than national average 9
New Jersey Facts: Half of landfill gas generated in New Jersey is underutilized 10
Waste-to-Energy Applications are needed more than before! Clean Electricity and Alternative Transportation fuels that are: Environmentally Friendly and Low-Carbon; Technically Achievable; Economically Feasible; and Socially Acceptable are needed! 11
Landfill Gas : A Clean Renewable Energy Source: Anaerobic digestion of organic waste in the landfill Mixture of Methane (CH 4 ) and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Low-carbon if efficiently recovered and utilized Some impurities need to be removed Cleaned LFG is almost the same as natural gas Landfill Gas can co-exist with natural gas and utilize the same infrastructure Resource for Power, Heat and Vehicle Fuel! 12
Electric Power: Landfill Gas-to-Energy Pathways Fuel for gas turbines and /or reciprocating engines to generate power and heat (if it is CHP) on or near landfills. Medium Btu Industrial Fuel: Transferred in dedicated pipeline to single user or specified users to displace fossil fuel in steam boilers, kilns, burners, and utility power plants. High Btu Gas: Cleaned to natural gas specifications and injected into natural gas pipelines. Vehicle Fuel (LNG and CNG): Cleaned to pipeline quality Natural Gas followed by compression or liquefaction and used as CNG or LNG. 13
Operational and Candidate LFG-to Energy Projects* *http://www.epa.gov/lmop/projects-candidates/index.html 14
http://www.ferc.gov/market-oversight/othr-mkts/renew/othr-rnw-eers.pdf 15
High Btu Option Evolves! 2006 High Btu Facilities were only being developed with large volumes of Landfill Gas (3,000scfm or higher) 2009 High Btu Facilities were being developed with medium volumes of Landfill Gas (1,500-2,000scfm) Today High Bu facilities are being developed with lower volumes of Landfill Gas (500 1,000scfm) http://www.epa.gov/lmop/documents/pdfs/conf/15th/05malone_final.pdf http://www.epa.gov/lmop/projects-candidates/index.html 16
High Btu Projects* Altamont Landfill LFG-to-LNG near Livermore, CA Frank R. Bowerman Landfill LFG-to-LNG near El Toro, CA Sonoma County Landfill LFG-to Alternative Fuel, CA Franklin County Landfill LFG-to-CNG near Columbus, OH Hamilton County Landfill LFG-to Alternative Fuel, Cincinnati, OH McCommas Bluff Landfill LFG-to-CNG and pipeline gas in Dallas, TX DeKalb County LFG-to-CNG and pipeline gas, Georgia *http://www.epa.gov/lmop/projects-candidates/index.html 17
The EcoComplex: A Real Time Laboratory! 18
Located Adjacent to the Burlington County Landfill 19
Energy Generation at the Landfill Burlington County LFG-to-Power COGEN Plant: 7.2 MW LFG Flare 20
Opportunities for pilot applications Landfill gas clean-up technology demonstration, testing and verification For Landfill Gas-to-Power Cogen Unit: 250 kw Opportunities for pilot applications 21
Cogeneration at Landfills for Controlled Environment Agriculture: An Economic Development Opportunity Burlington County Research and Demonstration Greenhouse 22
Greenhouse heating with LFG 23
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Opportunities for pilot applications QUAD-GEN: CNG Station 8 HCNG H 2 Station Clean CH 4 Exhaust 4 Thermal Oxidizer Offgas CO 2 Membrane Offgas 3 FuelCell Energy 7 H 2 Clean CH 4, CO 2 1 Refrigeration 2 Greenhouse Clean Liquid CO 2 LANDFILL Dry Compressed LFG with Contaminants Industrial Use 5 Heat Electricity 6 Liquid CO 2 and Contaminants UPS CNG Station. Transportation Foundation of Los Angeles. 30 July 2008 <htpp://www.tfla.us/photos/ups%20cng%20fueling%20station.jpg>. Acrion Technologies Flow Diagram. Acrion s CO2 Wash. Acrion Technologies. 30 July 2008 <http://www.acrion.com/>. FuelCell Energy DFC 300. Carlist.com. 30 July 2008 <http://www.carlist.com/autonews/image/fedcdfc300.jpg> Linde H2 Fueling station. The Linde Group. 30 January 2008 <http://financialreports.linde.com/2007/ar/pics/img/a45a.jpg>. Rutgers EcoComplex Import & Export to Grid 25
Opportunities for pilot applications: QuadGen; An Engineering, Economic and Environmental Analysis SunGrant (US DOT) Funded Our Partners CO 2 Wash landfill gas cleaning system Burlington County, New Jersey Resource Recovery Complex Direct FuelCell and Hydrogen co-production technologies CNG/H 2 /HCNG compression and refuelling stations Alternative Energy Innovation Center 26
Liquid CO 2 Wash Technology Demo Project 27
Opportunities for pilot applications Demonstration at Rutgers EcoComplex Landfill Gas as a Refuse Truck Fuel (CNG/LNG) First in the Nation! (2004) 28
ASSESSMENT OF BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL IN NEW JERSEY 2.0 29
NJ Energy Profile - Transportation http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=nj 30 New Jersey State Energy Master Plan, 2011
NJ ENERGY CO 2 EMISSIONS* *http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/state/state_emissions.cfm 31
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Energy Scenario: Landfill Gas to Energy Landfill Gas: Utilized + Flared LFG to Transportation LFG to Power Generation CNG for Gasoline Displacement CNG for Diesel Displacement Clean Electricity for Fossil Power Displacement 32
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Power Generation 33
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Power Generation If the total LFG to electricity generation potential is achieved and assumed to displace coal generated power, New Jersey s net CO 2 reduction potential would be 515,058 ton per year. 34
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to CNG/LNG for Transportation Fuel 35
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to CNG/LNG as Transportation Fuel 36
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Transportation Applications as CNG GREET (WTW) comparison shows that if New Jersey s underutilized (flared) portion of LFG is utilized as CNG, it will have the least GHG emissions impact. Mintz, M., et al. Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Landfill Gas-Based Pathways and Their Addition to the GREET Model Argonne National Laboratory May,2010, ANL/ESD/10-3 37
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential Landfill Gas to Transportation Applications as LNG GREET (WTW) comparison shows that if New Jersey s underutilized (flared) portion of LFG is utilized as LNG it will have the least GHG emissions impact. Mintz, M., et al. Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Landfill Gas-Based Pathways and Their Addition to the GREET Model Argonne National Laboratory, May,2010, ANL/ESD/10-3 GREET The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model 38
Summary Landfill Gas is a renewable clean energy resource Can be utilized for power generation and for transportation applications Needs to be cleaned efficiently Landfills also may consider co-locating anaerobic digesters to utilize their infrastructure Landfill gas can co-exist with Natural Gas. Landfill gas is Class I renewable and can get RIN benefits. Waste hauling trucks can utilize CNG from LFG instead of flaring. 39
Thank You! For more information contact: Serpil Guran, Ph.D. guran@aesop.rutgers.edu 609-499-3600 x4225 40