Trends in ITS Overview, Challenges Dr.-Ing. Philip Krueger University of Leeds, Institute for Transport Studies, England February 25th 2015 BMVBS (2012) 1
Content Introduction Trends in ITS Role of ITS architecture Challenges and conclusion BMVBS (2012) 2
Introduction Related Research Projects at TU Darmstadt (1) International and national guidelines for telematics and ITS architectures in road traffic Reports of the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), Vol. F79 (2011) http://bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=585&la=de Source: www.bast.de (2) Report on existing and planned ITS in Germany** Basis of German ITS Initial Report (BMVBS 2011), Referred to: 17(1), Directive 2010/40/EU Source: www.europa.eu http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/its/road/action_plan/doc/2011_its_initial_report_germany.pdf (3) Identification and analysis of measures for the German National ITS Action Plan** Basis of the German ITS Action Plan (BMVBS 2012) http://www.bmvbs.de/shareddocs/de/artikel/la/ivs-im-strassenverkehr.html ** cooperation with TU Munich: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Fritz Busch Source: www.bmvbs.de 3
Introduction Lots of Initiatives In Europe as well as in Germany ITS is considered as a key factor for a safe and sustainable transport system. Promotion of the development of ITS by the European Union and the German federal Government: e. g. ITS guideline 2010/40/EU, EU Action Plan COM(2008) 886, German ITS Action Plan Use of technology is necessary for flexible using infrastructure and transport means as well as for coping with the increasing complexity of traffic management ITS is expected to contribute significantly to coping with increasing traffic volumes The ITS market is characterized by a rapid and dynamic evolution. Also for the future this trend will not be changed 4
Introduction Basic Principle of ITS Source: BASt (2012) 5
Source: Lotz-Keens (2012) Introduction Typical Functional Areas (see ISO 14813) Functional area Traveller information Traffic management and operations Vehicle services Freight transport Public transport Emergency Description Provision of both static and dynamic information about the transport network to users, including modal options and transfers. The management of the movement of vehicles, travellers and pedestrians throughout the road transport network. Enhancement of safety, security and efficiency in vehicle operations, by warnings and assistances to users or control vehicle operations. The management of commercial vehicle operations, freight and fleet management, and activities that expedite the authorization process for cargo at national and jurisdictional boundaries and expedite cross-modal transfers for authorized cargo. Operation of public transport services and the provision of operational information to the operator and user, including multi-modal aspects. Services delivered in response to incidents that are categorized as emergencies. Transport-related electronic payment Road transport-related personal safety Weather and environmental conditions monitoring Disaster response management and coordination National security Transactions and reservations for transport-related services. Protection of transport users including pedestrians and vulnerable users. Activities that monitor and notify weather and environmental conditions. Road transport-based activities in response to natural disasters, civil disturbances or terror attacks. Activities that directly protect or mitigate physical or operational harm to persons and facilities due to natural disasters, civil disturbances or terror attacks. 6
Introduction Use of ITS has to serve the fulfillment of specific goals Typical traffic related goals refer to: Accidents, pollution, noise, capacity, traffic flow, congestion, more efficient use of capacity, 30% of urban traffic is drivers looking for parking, Background factors urbanisation, increasing spatial disparity, aging society Increasing environmental protection and regulation Recent drivers for the development of ITS Satellite navigation, mobile communications networks, internet, smartphones and other nomadic devices 7
Source: www.symplio.com Trends in ITS Internet of Things 8
Source: www.symplio.com Trends in ITS Individualisation of ITS 9
Source: www.symplio.com Trends in ITS New World? 10
Trends in ITS Some New Services Ride sharing platforms blur the boundary between public transport and individual transport (e. g. Uber, Lyft) Services predict your behavior, e. g. when you will leave your parking space (see ParkTAG ) Multimodal journey planners (e.g. qixxit.de, moovel.com) Free floating carsharing (e. g. Car2go, DriveNow) Careful: often, the main idea of shared economy is making money www.moovel.com www.qixxit.de www.lyft.com www.uber.com www.parktag.mobi www.waze.com 11
Trends in ITS (1) Increasing demand for ITS: Growing traffic volumes require a flexible use of traffic infrastructure, traffic routes become increasingly difficult to expand and augment Data are the oil of the 21st century Requirements for new services. Remember urbanisation, increasing spatial disparity, aging society New aims for services: e. g. influencing the modal choice behaviour 12
Trends in ITS (2) Fast technological progress. ITS are enhanced very quickly, increasing dissemination of ITS (e. g. Smartphones) More data available and new technologies: (e. g. Open Government Data Initiative of European Commission), Big Data, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Social Media Vision is a smart transport network New technologies permit merging and processing of heterogenous data in real time New technologies support/replace existing one s: e.g. real time traffic information are produced for lower costs and with higher quality by using FCD then by using loop detectors Trend towards individualisation of ITS services New actors on the market. Cooperation between privat actors and public authorities is of increasing importance 13
Trends in ITS Floating Car Data (FCD) Source: O. Kannenberg: TomTom Traffic Products & Services. Präsentation. MDM-Nutzerkonferenz, Berlin, November 2014 14
Trends in ITS User Generated Data, e. g. Social Media Quelle: Gal-Tzur et al. (2014). In: Transport Policy 32 (2014) 115-123 15
Trends in ITS (3) Intermodal services are of increasing demand. The requirements for traffic management become more complex Increasing demand for individualized traffic management as well as the integration with collective traffic management Door2Door services as well as indoor navigation are of increasing demand. The integration of ITS services from different providers in real time is required (Multiprovider mobility management) Young people want to use transport means rather than owning them Cooperative applications become used regularly in practice Autonomous applications need time for a regular implementation: modification of liability law, license regulation necessary 16
Trends in ITS Intermodal ITS Source: J. Meier-Berberich, M. Raupp. Stuttgart Services, Intelligent vernetzte, nachhaltige und einfache Elektromobilität um urbane Angebote für die Region Stuttgart zu ergänzen. In: Internationales Verkehrswesen, 1 2014 17
Source: J. Meier-Berberich, M. Raupp. Stuttgart Services, Intelligent vernetzte, nachhaltige und einfache Elektromobilität um urbane Angebote für die Region Stuttgart zu ergänzen. In: Internationales Verkehrswesen, 1 2014 Trends in ITS Intermodal ITS 18
Trends in ITS Door2Door Services DB AG: DIMIS 2013 19
Trends in ITS Legal Issues Privacy, Security??? Integration Organisation 20
Trends in ITS Other Issues Budgetary deficits of public authorities Long investment cycles Federal structures (too) little pressure to succed for public authorities Market economy related goals 21
Trends in ITS New Navigation Algorithms A B.1 B.2 C Source: www.graphmasters.net 22
Trends in ITS Example of Beijing (1) Source: www.graphmasters.net 23
Trends in ITS Example of Beijing (2) Source: www.graphmasters.net 24
Role of ITS Architecture Background in Germany Lack of strategic guidelines for the implementation of ITS Missing awareness for the benefits of a common ITS architecture Missing willingness for the application of strategic guidelines Lack of Interoperability Huge number of islands of technology. Also throughout Europe (Kallas 2011, Eurotransport 2013) Many countries have established National ITS architectures since a long time: e. g. US-NITSA: 1996, European ITS Framework Architecture: 2000 The efficent planning an operating of transport infrastructure is crucial in times of globalisation and intensified competition between countries and regions For planning and operating integrated ITS particularly National ITS architectures provide essential benefits 25
Role of ITS Architecture Benefits of National ITS Architectures... Planning of Systems: Uniform planning procedure Promotion of interoperability Specific quality Reduced complexity Indication of improvement potentials Identification of standardisation areas Enhancement of ITS services Improvement of communication between stakeholders Economic Benefits: Money - and time savings Development of a transparent market for software and hardware Reduction of development costs Reduction of Implementation costs Reduction of costs for operation and maintenance Reduction of prices for ITS Transparent basis for the promotion of PPP...for Different Stakeholders According to Busch et al. 2007a, Halbritter et al. 2008, FRAME 2000, PIARC 2004, U.S. Dot 2007, SINTEF 2009, Törönen 2003, Vägverket 2004. Includung own additions 26
Challenges and Conclusion Integrated traffic management concepts are required (not single measures). Also: new drive concepts like e-mobility Intermodal ITS need to be promoted as well as door2door services corresponding to user requirements Heterogenous data need to be merged in real time. In parallel different actors need to cooperate Fusion of different data sources is key issue for coping with complex traffic situations Crucial issues have to be considered carefully, e. g. privacy, financing ITS architecture needs to be promoted Support and cooperation of all stakeholders is crucial 27