DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS / IB PHYSICS
LSN 7-1: ENERGY DEGRADATION AND POWER GENERATION
Questions From Reading Activity?
IB Assessment Statements 8.1. Energy Degradation and Power Generation 8.1.1. State that thermal energy may be completely converted to work in a single process, but that continuous coversion of this energy into work requires a cyclical process and the transfer of some energy from the system. 8.1.2. Explain what is meant by degraded energy.
IB Assessment Statements 8.1. Energy Degradation and Power Generation 8.1.3. Construct and analyse energy flow diagrams (Sankey diagrams) and identify where the energy is degraded. 8.1.4. Outline the principal mechanisms involved in the production of electrical power.
IB Assessment Statements 8.2. World Energy Sources 8.2.1. Identify different world energy sources. 8.2.2. Outline and distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. 8.2.3. Define the energy density of a fuel.
IB Assessment Statements 8.2. World Energy Sources 8.2.4. Discuss how choice of fuel is influenced by its energy density. 8.2.5. State the relative proportions of world use of the different energy sources that are available. 8.2.6. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of various energy sources.
IB Assessment Statements 8.3. Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.3.1. Outline the historical and geographical reasons for the widespread use of fossil fuels. 8.3.2. Discuss the energy density of fossil fuels with respect to the demands of power stations. 8.3.3. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the transportation and storage of fossil fuels.
IB Assessment Statements 8.3. Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.3.4. State the overall efficiency of power stations fuelled by different fossil fuels. 8.3.5. Describe the environmental problems associated with the recovery of fossil fuels and their use in power stations.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.1. Describe how neutrons produced in a fission reaction may be used to initiate further fission reactions (chain reaction). 8.4.2. Distinguish between controlled nuclear fission (power production) and uncontrolled nuclear fission (nuclear weapons). 8.2.3. Describe what is meant by fuel enrichment.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.4. Describe the main energy transformations that take place in a nuclear power station. 8.4.5. Discuss the role of the moderator and the control rods in the production of controlled fission in a thermal fission reactor. 8.4.6. Discuss the role of the heat exchanger in a fission reactor.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.7. Describe how neutron capture by a nucleus of uranium-238 () results in the production of a nucleus of plutonium -239 (). 8.4.8. Describe the importance of plutonium - 239 () as a nuclear fuel. 8.4.9. Discuss safety issues and risks associated with the production of nuclear power.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.10. Outline the problems associated with producing nuclear power using nuclear fusion. 8.4.11. Solve problems on the production of nuclear power.
Study the Following On Your Own Degradation of Energy Electricity Production Energy Sources Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuel Mining
Introductory Video 1 Generating Nuclear Power
Introductory Video 2 Introduction to Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power 1 Induced fission reaction 235 236 140 n U U Xe Sr 2 0 92 92 54 38 Neutrons must be propelled into the material to start the reaction Two released neutrons have enough energy to initiate reactions in other atoms 94 1 0 n
Nuclear Power 1 235 236 n U U Xe Sr 2 0 92 92 54 38 The number of reactions increases exponentially -- a chain reaction Left unchecked, you have a nuclear explosion We try to avoid that 140 94 1 0 n
Nuclear Power 1 235 236 140 n U U Xe Sr 2 0 92 92 54 38 94 Control rods absorb neutrons to limit the number available to start reactions Raised or lowered to change the amount of surface area available for absorption 1 0 n
Nuclear Power 1 235 236 140 n U U Xe Sr 2 0 92 92 54 38 Uranium will not react if the neutrons are going too fast The neutrons in the above reaction are going too fast Moderators (graphite or water) surround the control rods and slow the neutrons down by providing a collision surface 94 1 0 n
Nuclear Power 1 235 236 140 n U U Xe Sr 2 0 92 92 54 38 Uranium must have a minimum mass based on its container that will allow reactions to continue without the neutrons escaping 94 This mass value is call critical mass 1 0 n
Energy from Nuclear Power Nuclear (binding) energy Kinetic energy (particles) Thermal energy (steam) Kinetic energy (turbine) Electrical energy
Other Uses of Nuclear Power
Other Uses of Nuclear Power Neutrons from a fission reaction can produce plutonium-239 (does not occur naturally) from uranium-238 1 0 n 239 92 239 93 U 238 92 Np U 239 93 Np 239 94 239 92 Pu U 0 1 e 0 1 e v v
Other Uses of Nuclear Power Process turns non-fissionable material (uranium-238) into fissionable material (plutonium-239) that can be used as reactor fuel or nuclear weapons 1 0 n 239 92 239 93 U 238 92 Np U 239 93 Np 239 94 239 92 Pu U 0 1 e 0 1 e v v
More Information Podcast On The Environmentalist Debate Over Nuclear Power http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/r20110401090 0 Radiation Exposure Chart http://imgs.xkcd.com/blag/radiation.png
Study the Following On Your Own Nuclear Power Problems with nuclear reactors Uranium mining Nuclear fusion Solar Power Hydroelectric Power Wind Power Wave Power
Study the Following On Your Own Know The Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Type of Power Source!!!!!
IB Assessment Statements 8.1. Energy Degradation and Power Generation 8.1.1. State that thermal energy may be completely converted to work in a single process, but that continuous coversion of this energy into work requires a cyclical process and the transfer of some energy from the system. 8.1.2. Explain what is meant by degraded energy.
IB Assessment Statements 8.1. Energy Degradation and Power Generation 8.1.3. Construct and analyse energy flow diagrams (Sankey diagrams) and identify where the energy is degraded. 8.1.4. Outline the principal mechanisms involved in the production of electrical power.
IB Assessment Statements 8.2. World Energy Sources 8.2.1. Identify different world energy sources. 8.2.2. Outline and distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. 8.2.3. Define the energy density of a fuel.
IB Assessment Statements 8.2. World Energy Sources 8.2.4. Discuss how choice of fuel is influenced by its energy density. 8.2.5. State the relative proportions of world use of the different energy sources that are available. 8.2.6. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of various energy sources.
IB Assessment Statements 8.3. Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.3.1. Outline the historical and geographical reasons for the widespread use of fossil fuels. 8.3.2. Discuss the energy density of fossil fuels with respect to the demands of power stations. 8.3.3. Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the transportation and storage of fossil fuels.
IB Assessment Statements 8.3. Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.3.4. State the overall efficiency of power stations fuelled by different fossil fuels. 8.3.5. Describe the environmental problems associated with the recovery of fossil fuels and their use in power stations.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.1. Describe how neutrons produced in a fission reaction may be used to initiate further fission reactions (chain reaction). 8.4.2. Distinguish between controlled nuclear fission (power production) and uncontrolled nuclear fission (nuclear weapons). 8.2.3. Describe what is meant by fuel enrichment.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.4. Describe the main energy transformations that take place in a nuclear power station. 8.4.5. Discuss the role of the moderator and the control rods in the production of controlled fission in a thermal fission reactor. 8.4.6. Discuss the role of the heat exchanger in a fission reactor.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.7. Describe how neutron capture by a nucleus of uranium-238 () results in the production of a nucleus of plutonium -239 (). 8.4.8. Describe the importance of plutonium - 239 () as a nuclear fuel. 8.4.9. Discuss safety issues and risks associated with the production of nuclear power.
IB Assessment Statements 8.4. Non-Fossil Fuel Power Production 8.4.10. Outline the problems associated with producing nuclear power using nuclear fusion. 8.4.11. Solve problems on the production of nuclear power.
QUESTIONS?
Homework #1-31
The Rest of the Video (32 min total)