UNIVERSITI MALAYA UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA PEPERIKSAAN IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA SAINS EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE PEPERIKSAAN IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA SAINS DENGAN PENDIDIKAN EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE WITH EDUCATION SESI AKADEMIK 2016/2017 : SEMESTER 1 ACADEMIC SESSION 2016/2017 : SEMESTER 1 SCES2243 : KIMIA ALAM SEKITAR AM GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Dis 2016/ Jan 2017 Dec 2016/ Jan 2017 MASA : 2 jam TIME : 2 hours ARAHAN KEPADA CALON : INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: Kertas ini mengandungi Bahagian A dan B. This examination paper consists of Sections A and B. Jawab soalan mengikut arahan yang diberikan dalam setiap bahagian. Answer the questions according to the instruction given in each section (Kertas ini mengandungi 10 soalan dalam 5 halaman yang dicetak) (This question paper consists of 10 questions and 5 printed pages)
BAHAGIAN A (50 MARKAH) SECTION A (50 MARKS) Jawab SEMUA soalan. Answer ALL questions. 1. (a) Terangkan mengapa suhu berkurangan bersama altitud dalam troposfera? Explain why the temperature decreases with altitude in the troposphere? Terangkan mengapa suhu meningkat bersama altitud dalam stratosfera. Explain why the temperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere. 2. (a) Terangkan bagaimana kaitan masa menghuni sesuatu spesies kimia dengan kepekatan dan taburan spesies tersebut di atmosfera. Explain the relationship between atmospheric residence time of a chemical species with its concentration and distribution in the atmosphere. Terangkan maksud setiap sebutan berikut: Explain the meaning of each of the following terms: Penetapan nitrogen Nitrogen fixation Ammonifikasi Ammonification (iii) Nitrifikasi Nitrification (iv) Denitrifikasi Denitrification 3. Huraikan kedua-dua mekanisma dengan mana radikal hidroksil memulakan pengoksidaan spesis gas atmosfera. Berikan contoh bagi setiap jawapan anda. Describe the two mechanisms by which hydroxyl radical initiate the oxidation of atmospheric gaseous species. Give example for each of your answer. 2/5
4. (a) Deduksikan formula bagi sebatian-sebatian klorofluorokarbon dengan nombor kod berikut: Deduce the formulae for the chlorofluorocarbon compounds with the following code numbers: CFC-12; CFC-113; (iii) CFC-123; (iv) CFC-134. Apakah faktor-faktor yang menentukan keberkesanan sesuatu gas rumah hijau itu terhadap pemanasan global? What are the factors that determine the effectiveness of a particular greenhouse gas towards global warming? 5. (a) Apakah kesan hujan asid ke atas tumbuhan dan hidupan akuatik, contohnya ikan? What are the effects of acid rain on plants and aquatic life, e.g. fish? Nyatakan jenis pencemar yang boleh dikeluarkan dengan menggunakan kaedah kawalan pencemaran udara berikut: State the types of atmospheric pollutants that may be removed by the following air pollution control methods: (iii) (iv) Pengendapan graviti Gravity settling Penukar bermangkin Catalytic converter Penyentalan Scrubbing Pembakaran fluidized-bed Fluidized-bed combustion 3/5
BAHAGIAN B (50 MARKAH) SECTION B (50 MARKS) Jawab SEMUA soalan. Answer ALL questions. 6. Terangkan maksud setiap sebutan berikut sebagaimana ia digunakan dalam bidang kimia alam sekitar. Explain the meaning of each of the following terms, as it applies to environmental chemistry: (iii) (iv) (v) Larut lesap Leachate Keliatan air Water hardness Kapasiti pertukaran kation Cation exchange capacity (CEC) Luluhawa kimia Chemical weathering Amang Tailings 7. Lautan boleh dibahagikan kepada lapisan yang berbeza. Nama dan terangkan ciri-ciri bagi setiap lapisan. The ocean can be divided into different layers. Write down the name and briefly describe the characteristics of each layer. 8. (a) Tindak balas hidrolisis merupakan satu proses luluhawa kimia. Bincangkan bagaimana tindak balas hidrolisis menyumbang kepada pembentukan tanah. Hydrolysis reaction is one of the common chemical weathering processes. Discuss how the hydrolysis reaction contributes to the soil formation. 4/5
Namakan tiga bahan humus umum. Jelaskan bagaimana bahan humus mempengaruhi pergerakan logam dalam tanah. Name three common humic substances. Describe how humic substances influence the mobility of metals in soil. 9. (a) Berikut adalah gambarajah pe-ph bagi Sulfur (S). Ramalkan spesies utama sulphur, pada dasar tasik yang sedikit berasid, dan dalam air hujan semulajadi. Bincangkan jawapan anda. The following figure is a pe-ph diagram for Sulfur (S). Predict the predominant form of sulfur at the bottom of a lake with slightly acidic condition, and in natural rain water. Explain your answer. Apakah sumber utama bagi oksigen terlarut dalam air? Bincangkan bagaimana bahan organik boleh mempengaruhi kepekatan oksigen terlarut dalam air. What are the main sources of dissolved oxygen in water? Discuss how organic substances influence the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water. 10. Huraikan secara ringkas proses rawatan primer dan sekunder dalam rawatan air kumbahan. Briefly explain the Primary and Secondary treatment processes in wastewater treatment. TAMAT END 5/5