by: Dato' Ir. Hanapi bin Mohamad Noor Director River Basin Management Division, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia 4th March 2015
CONTENTS Introduction Issues and Problems The Way Forward Conclusion 2
INTRODUCTION 3
Water Resources In Malaysia Annual Rainfall 2940 mm (971 billion m3) Evapo- transpiration 413 bill. m3 (42.5%) Groundwater 64 bill. m3 (6.6%) Surface Runoff 494 bill. m3 (50.9%) Based on Review of National Water Resource Study 2000-2050
RIVERS A PRECIOUS GIFT FROM GOD Sustainability of River Basins is important and crucial
Beautiful River Melaka River
Beautiful River Sarawak River Tekala River, Ulu Langat 7
Beautiful River Pahang River 8
Beginning of Civilisation Kuala Lumpur 9
River Function Agriculture Water Supply/Hydro power Business Focal point Benefit to people living near river
River Function Aquaculture Religion Transportation Culture
RIVERS provide MAIN WATER SOURCE for 97 % of Water Supply for Domestic, Industrial and Agriculture
I N T R O D U C T I O N IRBM
Integrated River Basin Management I N T R O D U C T I O N Defined as : the process of coordinating conservation, management and development of water, land and related resources across sectors within a given river basin, in order to maximize the economic and social benefits derived from water resources in an equitable manner while preserving and, where necessary, restoring freshwater ecosystems. (Adapted from Integrated Water Resources Management, Global Water Partnership Technical, Advisory Committee Background Papers, No. 4, 2000.) 14
IRBM COMPONENTS (8 components)
RIVER BASIN I N T R O D U C T I O N 16
River Basin In Malaysia I N T R O D U C T I O N Area No. Main River Basin (>80km 2 ) Peninsular 1,235 74 Malaysia Sabah 1,468 75 Sarawak 283 40 Total 2,986 189 17
ISSUES AND PROBLEMS 18
IRBM ISSUES Beginilah keadaan di Tanah Tinggi Lojing yang kelihatan hampir gondol akibat pembalakan haram dan penerokaan untuk tujuan pertanian ketika tinjauan Utusan Malaysia pada akhir November 2014. UTUSAN
Lojing, Kelantan
Bertam Valley, Cameron Highland, Pahang (2014 Mud Flooding)
The floods in December 2014 and January 2015 in Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Johor, Sabah and Sarawak resulted in devastating damages forcing about 400,000 people to be evacuated. Thus, the Prime Minister has to convene a special Parliamentary Session on 20th January 2015 to approve a special budget allocation of RM893 million for flood mitigation works, RM800 million as initial allocation to repair and reconstruct basic infrastructure like schools, hospitals, roads and bridges, RM500 million rehabilitation works and welfare programmes and RM500 million for flood relief loan Guarantee Scheme.
DID rainfall record shows that for the upper reaches of Sg Kelantan, Sg Pahang and Sg Perak the rainfall exceeded 100-years return period. The Gunung Gagau Rainfall Station at Gua Musang has recorded a total of 1,898 mm of rainfall in 10 days during the December 2014 flood which was equivalent to 2.7 times the average monthly rainfall for December.
Recurring crisis of water shortages due to long dry spell (Left) Water shortages in Rembau and Tampin, Negri Sembilan, Jan 2015, (Right) Water crisis in Selangor in August 2014 Potable water shortages occuring in 2014 and 2015 in several states has led to water rationing. The affected states are Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Johor, Perak and KL. The cause of the water shortage in the Klang Valley was due to the insufficient water resources in the Sg. Selangor Reservoir which is the raw water source for the potable water supply for more than 60% of the populated areas in Selangor, KL and Putrajaya.
I S S U E S A N D P R O B L E M S POLLUTION
I S S U E S SOLID WASTE A N D P R O B L E M S
THE WAY FORWARD
IRBM Implementation Road Map IRBM General Framework Balancing River Basin development goals Economic Efficiency Management Instruments Assessment Information Allocation Instruments Equity Enabling Environment Policies Legislation Environmental Sustainability Institutional Framework Central Local River Basin Public Private Balance water for livelihood and water as a resource Milestones Enabling Environment OPP3 (2001-2010) & 8 th MP (2001-2005) Policy Statements on IRBM National Water Resources Policy (2012) MSAN directives on IRBM Legislation of National Waters Act, rules, regulations and guidelines (Target Year 2016?) Contemporary State Water Enactments and related Regulations and guidelines (Timeline by States?) Delineation and gazetting of river basins, water catchments and river reserves, water bodies and flood corridors by States (Timeline?) IRBM Sub-sets (ILBM, IUWRM, IASM, ICM, ICZM) WSIA 2006, MASMA 2001 and integration with other laws pertaining to resources management International Cooperation with linkages to UN-Water, WWC, GWP, ESCAP, NARBO, IWMI, ILEC, IWA, etc
IRBM Implementation Road Map IRBM General Framework Balancing River Basin development goals Economic Efficiency Management Instruments Assessment Information Allocation Instruments Equity Enabling Environment Policies Legislation Environmental Sustainability Institutional Framework Central Local River Basin Public Private Balance water for livelihood and water as a resource Milestones Institutional Framework Formation of Majlis Sumber Air Negara (MSAN) (1998) Cabinet Reshuffle and creation of NRE Ministry to ensure separation of powers for resource management from resource users (2004) National Water Resources Department integrating both surface and groundwater (2015/2016?) Establishment of State WMAs (Timeline by States?) Establishment of multistakeholder RBOs (Timeline?)
IRBM Implementation Road Map IRBM General Framework Balancing River Basin development goals Milestones Economic Efficiency Management Instruments Assessment Information Allocation Instruments Equity Enabling Environment Policies Legislation Environmental Sustainability Institutional Framework Central Local River Basin Public Private Balance water for livelihood and water as a resource Management Instruments NWRS 2011 Water Resource Assessment and Monitoring National River Register and RB-IMUs (Timeline for 189 RBs?) River Basin and Land Use Planning IRBM Plans for 189 RBs (Timeline?) One State, One River Implementation Plan Klang River RoL Project 2012 Flood Management Plan (IFM approach) Drought Management Plan Pollution Control Plan from point and non-point sources Financial instruments R&D pertaining to IRBM focusing on a selected representative RB (RoL Project?) Multi-stake-holder Advocacy, Awareness and Capacity Building Programs
THE WAY FORWARD PROPOSED STRATEGY IN IWRM 1. Policy a) Implementation of NWR Policy at state-level b) Development of Federal/State level partnerships to implement NWR Policy 2. Legislation a) Official enactment of the National Water Resources (NWR) Law b) Official adoption of the NWR Law by state legislature and subsequent enactment of complementary SWRE 3. Institution a) New Federal institutional structure for water governance b) Creation of a National Water Resources Management Department (NWRD) 4. Financing a) Financing model for water resources management by the states b) Pricing model for water resources c) Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)
5. Water Assessment and Allocation (a)need for a systematic program of assessment of water resources by river basins and aquifers (b)water allocation in a river basin shall be guided by a developed IRBM plan 6. Pollution Control (a) Control of pollution from all sources : sewage effluents SME Manufacturing industries Sullage (Grey-Water) livestock farming and aquaculture non-sanitary landfill & open dumps sedimentation and siltation b) Need for review of effluent discharge standards c) Need to develop specific river pollution loading capacity standards
7. Flood Management a) Increased incidences and cost of flood damages Implement IFM approach b) Uncontrolled development in flood prone areas To legislate and define designated flood protection zones 8. Drought Management a) Management of dry spell (drought-like) conditions in a river basin b) Reprioritize water allocation in times of drought-like conditions c) Development of a climate change mitigation and adaptation plan for drought-like conditions 9. River Basin and Land Use Planning a) Land use control at the local authority level is not guided by a river basin plan To develop IRBM Plans for all river basins in the country
10. River Basin Information System and R&D on IRBM a) Set-up River Basin Information Management Unit (RB-IMU) to produce and disseminate information products b) R&D on IRBM and a Pilot Project on IRBM 11. Stakeholder Participation a) Need to get more public participation in river basin management to implement more IWRM awareness programs and additional funding support to complement the IRBM capacity building efforts of other organisations
CONCLUSION Problems related to rivers, water and environment are expected to intensify IRBM as a subset of IWRM is vital in ensuring water security and sustainable development Conducive enabling environment, effective Institutional Framework and efficient Management Instruments are essential to ensure success in IRBM Implementation Need for continuous participation and support from all stakeholders
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