Applications of Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model for Integrated Networks by Steven I. Chien Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology January 13, 2006 Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University
Our Location 2
Infrastructure 3
International Port & Hub
Agenda CORSIM Modules in Traffic Simulation Models Applications of Traffic Simulation Models Related Research @ NJIT 5
CORSIM A microscopic, stochastic traffic simulation model that represents the real world dynamic traffic environment for freeways and streets A powerful traffic engineering tool producing a variety of MoE s and graphics files for analysis
Model Representation Network representation Link-node concept Nodes depict changes in geometry; trip generators; sign and signal control points Links depict roadways between two nodes Traffic representation Up to 4 different fleet components Cars, carpools, buses, and trucks
Sample Network FRESIM Subnetwork 56 54 7054 53 7053 8013 8020 8024 7061 52 51 13 20 24 61 7055 55 57 8010 8028 10 14 21 25 27 28 34 8034 8 2 8011 11 15 115 8015 30 8030 2026 2029 3 7 9 1 42 41 8001 7042 7012 12 16 17 8017 22 26 29 23 8023 NETSIM Subnetwork 31 8031 7029 7044 8006 5 43 44 4 6 Legend 8023 7042 2026 23 Entry/Exit Node (one or two links attached) Interface Node (one link attached) Source/Sink Node (two links attached) Internal Node (two or more links attached)
Model Features Network geometry Sign & signal control Human behavior Vehicle movements Stochastic Simulation Others
Network Geometry Lane Channelization at Intersections Turning Pockets
Network Geometry Grade (%) Radius of Curvature & Super-Elevation 9%
Network Geometry Grade Separation (Up to 8 Levels)
1 Network Geometry On-Ramp Traffic Merging Operations 3 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 2 9 1 Off-Ramp Traffic Diverging Operations CORSIM 1 MILE EXIT 11
Network Geometry Lane Additions & Drops
Sign & Signal Control Pre-timed Signals Actuated Signals (Type 170 & NEMA) 1 2 Barrier 3 4 Ring 1 Phases 5 6 7 8 Ring 2 Phases Yield and 2-Way Stop Signs
1 Sign & Signal Control Ramp-Metering Control: Clock Time Demand/Capacity Speed Occupancy 3 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 2 9 1
Stochastic Simulation 10 Types of Driver Behaviors
Stochastic Simulation Major parameters affected by driver types: Desired free flow speed Headway for car-following Gap acceptance for lane-changing Start-up lost time and queue discharge headway Gap acceptance for minor street traffic Amber interval response Gap acceptance for permissive left-turns
Car-Following Logic Headway= F(L,V L,V F ) headway V F V L
Lane-Changing Logic Discretionary Lane Changing Mandatory Lane Changing Anticipatory Lane Changing
Look-Ahead Features Responses to Advanced Warning Signs on Freeways EXIT 11 CORSIM 1 MILE RIGHT LANE CLOSED 1500FT
Bus Transit Operations
Time-Varying Demand Traffic Demand Time
Input Data Requirements Run control data Network geometry data Traffic control data Traffic operations data Traffic demand data Calibration data Others
Outputs Graphics (Animation) files Static MOE s Throughputs (vehicle trips; person trips) Vehicle-miles or person-miles Vehicle-minutes; person-minutes Speed (mph) Volume (veh/hr) Travel and delay times (min; sec/veh) Queue length, stops, phase failures, etc.. Fuel consumption (gal; mpg) Pollutant emissions (CO, HC, NOx; kg/mi-hr)
Animation
Animation
Applications Evaluation of Geometric Improvements Intersections, Interchanges, & On/Off-Ramps
Warning in Using Simulation Models Requirement of input data at a detail level Users responsibility for input data accuracy Knowledge of simulation models capabilities and limitations Model calibration is not easy in some cases Limited capabilities in simulating ITS-related control strategies via CORSIM Run Time Extension
Microscopic Simulation Tools Paramics CORSIM VISSIM INTEGRATION Dynasmart MITSIM TRANSIMS Others 30
Applications Traffic Operation Analysis Parking Activities, One-Way System & Lane Use (HOV) ONE HOUR PARKING 9AM-7PM ONE WAY BUSES AND 4 RIDER CAR POOLS ONLY 6 AM-9 AM MON-FRI
Traffic Control Sign and Signal Control Analyses at Intersections
Freeway Capacity Analysis
Ramp Metering on I-80 34
Signal Optimization on NJ Highways 35
Benefit Analysis Signal Optimization Input Cost Data collection & processing Network modeling Construction/Maintenance Benefit models: User delay estimation Vehicle operating cost estimation Environmental impact No. of Stops Delays Travel speeds Value of time % of vehicle type Occupancy Output Benefits Delay Savings Fuel Savings Emission Savings Sensitivity Analysis 36
So. Jersey Motorist Information Systems 37
Development of Simulation/Assignment Model for ITS Evaluation 38
Travel Time Prediction Starting from 22 West Way Green Brook, NJ Arriving at 1605 Broadway Ave., New York, NY Distance: 36.0 miles Travel Time: 56 minutes 39
Travel Time Prediction for NY Thruway 40
Transit Simulation Model 41
Neural Network/Dynamic Algorithms to Predict Bus Travel Times Sponsor: NJDOT for NJ Transit Objective: Develop a neural dynamic model (e.g., the integration of artificial neural networks and Kalman filtering algorithm) that can predict bus arrival information with the use of real-time and historic data Algorithm was tested on a selected NJ Transit route (Bus 62) and showed promising results Arrival Arrival Time Time Deviation Deviation (minutes) (minutes) 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 0-5 -5-10 -15-20 -25-30 Time Point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Difference Difference between between predicted scheduled and and actual actual bus bus arrival arrival times times Analysis helped to identify necessary improvements required for the successful implementation of the model 42
Newark Penn Station Circulation Study Sponsor: NJDOT for NJ Transit Microscopic traffic simulation of Downtown Newark Evaluation of existing conditions and impacts of proposed improvements Recommended solutions for improved vehicle flow 43
Greyhound Network Optimization 44
Remove Barrier Tolls on the GSP Detailed Visualization Abilities 45
Garden State Parkway Toll Removal Study Analyzed traffic congestion impacts as part of the development of a tenyear plan to remove toll barriers on Garden State Parkway Developed a traffic simulation model of the northern 50-mile section of the Parkway Alternative scenarios: Maintain the existing toll plazas Elimination of barriers in one or both directions Construction of high-speed E-Z Pass lanes NJIT Report was part of the NJDOT Commissioner s submission to the Governor Implemented by the Acting Governor Codey 46
Route 139 Construction and ITS Simulation 47
Work Zone Optimization 48
Work Zone Optimization 49
Costs vs. Work Zone Length FIG. 6. User, Maintenance, and Total Costs vs. Various Work Zone Lengths (Combined Flow Rate = 1150 vph) 120000 110000 100000 Cost ($/km) 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 User Cost Maintenance Cost Total Cost 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 Work Zone Length (km) 50
Optimal Work Zone Lengths vs. Flows FIG. 4. Optimal Total Clearance, Discharge, Cycle Times and Optimal Work Zone Length vs. Combined Flow Rate 1600 Clearance Time 4 Time (s) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Cycle Time Discharge Time Optimal Work Zone Length 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Optimal Work Zone Length (km 0 240 340 440 540 640 740 840 940 1040 1140 Combined Flow Rate (vph) 0 51
Emergency Events 52
Traffic Diversion Freeway Incidents and Diversion Analysis
Cape May Evacuation Study 100% 90% 8.8 8.8 8.8 Percentage of Simulation Demand Evacuate d 1 80%! 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 70% 8.9 8.9 8.9 2 17.6 17.6 17.6! 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.4 60% 50% 8.3 8.3 8.3! 3 40% 16.1 16.1 16.1 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 30% 7.7 7.7 7.7 20%! 11.0 11.0 11.0 14.4 14.4 14.4 4 11.0 11.0 11.0 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4-6 -4! -2 10.1 10.1 10.1 6 10.1 10.1 10.1 13.3 13.3 13.3 16.7 16.7 16.7 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 5 016.7 2 16.7 16.7 Current Reversal Plan 7.1 7.1 7.1 Normal Operations 0% 10% 4 6 8 10! 17.4 17.4 17.4 12.9 12.9 12.9 21.6 21.6 21.6 12 14 16 18 Time into Simulated Evacuation 20 22 24 26 28 30 54
Development and Evaluation of Emergency Plans No evacuation plan Evacuation plan in place 55
Managing Highway Incidents 56
Traffic Operations Centers 57
Incident Management Program 58
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Thank You 60