Sustainable aquaculture A premise for further growth of Norwegian seafood production Kjell Emil Naas Norway Japan Marine Seminar 10 th May 2012
Only one research council in Norway Roles: Research funding Support basic research Implement national thematic priorities Support private R&D Adviser to the government Networking and dissemination Internationalization
Funding received from the ministries (2012, US$) Foreign Affairs Health and Care Services Environment Agriculture and Food Fisheries and Coastal Affairs Petroleum and energy 50 43 58 79 60 125 Misc. 47 237 Administration 282 207 Education and Research Research and education measures Education and Research Cross-sectoral measures Total US$ 1 295 mill. administration incl. Trade and Industry
The Research Council canalises nearly 30% of public funding of Norwegian R&D Ministry of Education and Research Universities Public funding The Research Council Institutes Other ministries i.e. Industry
Norway made for aquaculture > 100 000 km coastline > 230 000 islands Fjords (sheltered sites) Increased seawater temperatures (Golf stream) Pure freshwater (smoltproduction) Close to European markets 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Produced salmon and trout, thousand tonns 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
High growthrate in fisheries and aquaculture Value creation (1970=100) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Annual growthrate since 2000: GDP: 1,9% Industry: 1,5% Fisheries and aquaculture: 5,5% Fisheries and aquaculture GDP Industry 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Source: Ragnar Tveterås, University of Stavanger
Research contributions to the development of aquaculture US$/kg 1000 tonn 14 12 Cost of production Production of Salmon and Trout 1000000 800000 10 8 600000 6 400000 4 2 200000 0 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Research contributions to the development of aquaculture Vaccines Kr/kilo US$/kg against coldwater vibriosis 14 12 10 8 Oil based vaccines Large net pens Furunculosisvaccines New feed ingridients IPN-resistent eggs Mill. 1000 tonn 1000000 800000 Future: New vaccines? 600000 New technology? 6 4 2 Research on breeding Research on feeds Research on technology 400000 200000 0 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Norwegian aquaculture is changing 1970-years 2025-years?? Today 2012 Pichure from SINTEF Sea Lab
Finansing Norwegian aquaculture research 2009, mill. US$ 250 200 Other (incl. EU) 150 Industry 100 Public 50 0 Source: NIFU
The Research Council Prioritized aquaculture research areas 1. Sustainable seafood production 2. Healthy fish 3. Feeds of the future 4. Other production species 5. Environment-friendly aquaculture technology 6. Genetics and selective breeding
The Research Council Prioritized aquaculture research areas 1. Sustainable seafood production 2. Healthy fish 3. Feeds of the future 4. Other production species 5. Environment-friendly aquaculture technology 6. Genetics and selective breeding
The Research Council Prioritized aquaculture research areas Sustainable seafood production Vision: Norwegian aquaculture is environmentally sustainable and promotes well-functioning coastal communities Priorities Quantify the genetic impact of escapes Reduce the spread of genetic material from production fish Utilise aquaculture waste as a resource Develop effective resource management systems Build up an industry that creates value and has positive local side effects
Norwegian aquaculture future growth? 1200 1000? 800 600 400 200 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Sustainable aquaculture The major and uncontrolled problems Genetic impact of escapes The salmon louse Influencing wild salmon
Sustainability projects examples Genetic interaction with wild fish + reduce escaped fish (10 mill US$) Mitigating the effects of escaped farmed salmon: combining SNPs, lipid acid profiling and statistical methods to trace escapees to origin Quantifying genetic effects of escaped farmed salmon on wild salmon Generation of gonad less farmed cod by specific ablation of primordial germ cells Solving bottlenecks in triploid salmon production a way to strengthen the sustainability of the salmon aquaculture industry Production of triploid cod as a means to ensure sustainable cod farming Securing fish-farming technology and operations to reduce escapes
Sustainability projects examples Salmon louse (21 mill US$) Resistance towards pyrethroids and emamectin in sea lice Towards selection for increased resistance to the salmon louse in Atlantic salmon A multi-disciplinary effort to improve topical treatments in salmon louse control Salmon louse - prevention and treatment Optimised production, nutrition and use of the cleaner fish Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) Lumpfish as cleaner fish in biological de-lousing of farmed salmon in northern Norway Development and implementation of marker-assisted/genomic selection for resistance to sea lice and other Sea farm Pulse Guard: Electrical fences to prevent louse infestations in salmon farms Sea Lice research Centre (SFI) Salmon Lice. The effect on Reputation, Economics and Industry Development
Norwegian R&D on salmon louse Total 83 mill US$ in the period 2008-2018 The Research Council 24 % Industry 58 % Source: Randi Grøntved (FHF) Norwegian fisheries and seafood research fund 13 % Innovation Norway Regional funds 4% 1%
Norwegian R&D on salmon louse Population dynamics Hydrodynamic models Economic models and decision support Drug therapy and related technology development Cleaner Fish Molecular biology (sequencing the salmon lice genome) Vaccine Development The immune control and interaction parasite / host Breeding Feed based inhibitors against lice infestations Other non-pharmacological measures against lice (technical) Mechanisms of resistance Monitoring (counting and resistance) Wild salmon and sea lice
Other research priorities for sustainable aquaculture Discharges of organic and inorganic nutrients Effects on pelagic and benthic ecosystems Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture Closed farming technology Sustainable feeds Plant sources Animal by-products Prokaryotic and algal sources Low trophic marine sources Tolerance and nutritional effects of non-marine sources Disease prevention Infectious diseases Francisellosis, Furunculosisi, Vibriosis HSMB, CMS, PD, ILA, IPN, NODA Parasites Diagnostics Epidemiology Immunology Vaccines Disease interaction between farmed and wild fish stocks
Governmental Strategy for an environmental sustainable aquaculture industry Focus area Goals Genetic influence of escaping Aquaculture does not contribute to permanent changes in the genetic properties of wild fish stocks Pollution and discharge All farming sites shall operate within acceptable environmental conditions, and do not discharge nutrients or organic matter more than the recipient can withstand Diseases incl. parasites Disease in aquaculture does not have regulatory effects on wild fish, and most of the farmed fish grows up to harvest with minimal use of medication Areal use The aquaculture industry has a site structure and land use that minimizes environmental impact and risk of infection Feed resources The aquaculture industry's need for feed raw materials is covered without over-exploitation of wild marine resources
Norwegian aquaculture future growth? 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
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