INDEX SECTION PAGE NO. I. Executive Summary 2 II. Introduction 2 III. Project Description 4 IV. Site Analysis 9 V. Proposed Infrastructure 10 VI. R& R Plan 14 VII. Project Implementation Strategy and 14 Financial analysis VIII. Conclusion 15
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed project is an initiative of Odisha Urban Infrastructure Development Fund (OUIDF) under the scheme of Swatchh Bharat Mission, GoI to cater the needs of municipal solid waste management in different ULBs of Odisha. The proposed project is being developed under Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management approach which consists of decentralized composting facilities and centralized sanitary landfill facility. In this approach, each ULB have their own processing system while a common sanitary landfill is being proposed to receive inert and rejects of compost. The entire study is being carried out in accordance to the MSW rules 2000. In this context, studied ULB will have their own processing system and common sanitary landfill (capacity-25.80 TPD at Bealpahar) will be developed and constructed which will be used by Brajrajnagar as well as Belpahar. Further, the estimated cost for entire proposed facility of Belpahar has been estimated about 535.17 Lakhs. 2.0 INTRODUCTION ULBs are responsible for providing solid waste related services like arrangement for road sweeping, collection of waste, transportation facility; processing and disposal of waste but ULBs has limited technical, managerial and financial resources, inadequate to manage the increased waste quantity. However, the services provided by the municipal authorities are outdated, unscientific and inefficient. Waste is generally disposed of by the citizens on the streets, drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc., which create in-sanitary conditions. Against this background, Odisha Urban Infrastructure Development Fund (OUIDF) under the scheme of Swatchh Bharat Mission has initiated development of projects for scientific management of MSW in the state of Odisha, keeping in view the obligations of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) under MSW (M&H) Rules 2000 and the present status of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. For above purpose, the cluster approach has been adopted which shall be viable. Now it is proposed to implement an Integrated MSW Management Project for studied ULBs (comprising of two ULB namely Barjrajnagar and Belpahar) with decentralized processing system facility at each ULB and development of Page 1
Sanitary Land Fill site to dispose-off Processing rejects / inerts at Village Kadupada which is existing dumping site under the ownership of Belpahar Municipality. The proposed Integrated MSW Management Project will comprise of all component of MSW management but not limited to: 1. Direct collection of segregated MSW (Door to Door Collection) within Municipal limits of both ULBs. 2. Street cleaning and efficient implementation of MSW rules. 3. Storage & Transportation of segregated MSW from secondary collection points to MSW processing site of all ULBs with the provision for separate transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning waste. 4. Transportation of inert and rejects of composting to designated landfill site. 5. MSW processing facility to process 26.6 MT/day of MSW collected & transported from Belpahar Municipality. 6. To develop centralized engineered sanitary landfill site of 25.80 TPD capacity for scientific disposal of processing rejects/inerts at Village Kadupada. The proposed MSW management project will addresses mandatory provisions made in Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000, which necessitates providing proper management facilities for MSW including treatment and disposal. The rules encourage reuse, recycle and recover i.e. waste minimization and adequate scientific processing of MSW prior to its final disposal to minimize the volume of MSW to be land filled. As per the standards laid down in Schedule III of the MSW (Management & Handling) Rules 2000, only processing rejects & inert material shall be disposed in the engineered landfills. Inspite of this, proposed project will increase cleanliness in studied ULB. Directly or indirectly business opportunity and employment will increase after implementation of this project. Page 2
3.0 PROJECT DESCRPTION As per the EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006, as amended till date, the proposed project falls under the Project / Activity: 7 (i) Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility (CMSWMF) under Category A because the proposed site area falls under CPAs of IB- Jharsuguda cluster. The location map of study area is as shown below:- Figure- I : Location map of project area The proposed project site for installation of composting unit and development of landfill site is located at Kadupada which is as shown below:- Page 3
Figure- II : Location of Project Site Project Site With considering the EIA notification and their regular amendments, the existing landuse pattern of study area is shown below and the salient features of proposed project is tabulated in table- I Figure- III Study area Project Site Page 4
Table:- I Salient Features of Project S.No Particulars Detail 1. Name of ULB Belpahar Municipality 2. Total no. of Ward 19 3. Total Area 41.37 Km 2 4. Category of project (as per EIA notification) Category A (falls under CPAs) 5. Population (as per census 2011) 38993 6. Projected Population (2017) 49722 7. Projected Population (2037) 70159 8. Current Waste Generation 18.2 MT 9. Projected Waste Generation (2017) 18.8 MT 10. Projected Waste Generation (2037) 26.6 MT 11. Component of Proposed Facilities Processing System, SLF and other related accessories at Kadupada, Belpahar 12. Proposed Processing Facilities Controlled Aerobic Process (Capacity 13.56 MT/day) 13. Proposed Landfill SLF (Capacity 25.80 TPD) 14. Water Requirement Construction- 2-3 m 3 /day Operational- 1.2-1.8 m 3 /day 15. Power Requirement 25 kw 16. Manpower Construction- 10-12 Daily Operational 18-20 17. Estimated Capital Expenditure 535.17 Lakhs (2017) 18. Estimated O&M Cost (2017) 190.28 Lakhs per year 19. Estimated Revenue generation 49.70 Lakhs per year (2017) Furthermore, the activities planned in the proposed project include collection, transportation, treatment & disposal of municipal solid waste in compliance to the MSW Handling Rules (2000). The basic concept for the solid waste management of the Belpahar Municipality is presented in the form of the flow chart as shown in figure IV. Page 5
Figure- IV: Flow Diagram of MSW management The generated waste from this ULB contains different percentage of physical ingredients which is as presented below: Table- II: Physical characterization of generated waste S.no Component Percentage i. Organics 36.79 ii. Combustible 23.96 iii. Recyclable 1.62 iv. Inert 17.47 v. Clothes 0.10 vi. Others 17.74 Further, the municipal waste received at processing site will be processed at proposed site by segregating the waste into recyclable, compost and inert material. After segregation of recyclable material, organic waste will be diverted to compost machinery which will be equipped with all the latest equipment and technologies:- Table- III: Process of proposed composting system S.No. Particulars Machinery Equipment I. Primary Storage Shed, Segregation, Temporary Storage II. Pre Processing Unit Chopping, Sqeezing, Conveyor loading III. Processing Unit Feeding, aerobic digester with mechanical equipment and sensor Page 6
IV. Leachate Treatment Pond Leachate storage tank, Lifting pump, Aerobic treatment V. Post Processing Drying area, weighing scale, Packaging and storage The above mentioned equipment will be installed to ensure successful implementation of proposed controlled aerobic technology for faster decomposition of organic waste with minimal environmental impact. The involved process within this processing system is shown below in figure- V. Figure- V: Process involved in Proposed Composting System Finally, the generated inert material and residue of composting material shall be deposited in proposed Sanitary Landfill Fill. The brief about landfill is presented below:- Table- V: Landfill detail S.No Particulars Detail i. Name of landfill site Kadupada ii. Capacity 25.80 TPD iii. Life of landfill 20 Years iv. Available land 10 acres v. Land Utilization Composting- 1.04 acres (for Belpahar only) and SLF- 3.42 acres (for both Belpahar as well as Brajrajnagar) Page 7
The designing and development of landfill will be carried out with following CPHEEO manual and US-EPA guidelines. The following items shall be covered during designing the landfill:- Volume and required area Life of landfill Footprint of landfill site (Phase wise) Design of leachate collection system Design of liner system Assessment of landfill gas Collection of landfill gas Design of final cover system However, during construction, consumption of 2-3 m 3 /day water while during operation phase 1.2-1.8 m 3 /day of water requirement has been envisaged. Furthermore, it is estimated that proposed machinery and infrastructure require 10 kw of power consumption during construction while 25 kw during operational phase. 4.0 SITE ANALYSIS Already, the proposed site is being utilized as dumping site of Belpahar Municipality. The photograph of project site is shown below:- Page 8
The salient feature about project site is tabulated below:- Table- VI: Detail about Project Site S.No Particulars Detail i. Total Area 10 acres ii. Proposed facilities Processing system and landfill with accessories iii. Category of project (as per EIA Category- A notification) iv. Area Breakup (in acres) Composting- 1.04 SLF- 3.42 v. Projected life span of project 20 Years vi. Connectivity Road- NH 200-1.1 Km, N & SH 10-14.2 Km ENE Railway- 1.6 KM, N vii. Landuse pattern Existing dumping site viii. Topography Flat terrain ix. Notified Eco sensitive area Not Applicable (Bikarmakhol, Reserve Forest-2.7 Km, North) x. Water bodies Hinjankharu Jhor- 3.6 Km, West Lilari Nala- 4.5 Km, South xi. Religious place Jagarnath Temple 0.8 Km xii. Anthropogenic sensitive area School- 0.400 Km xiii. Defence installation Not Applicable xiv. Airport 21.4 Km xv. Nearest Habitat Encroachment at 0.2 Km (approx.) 5.0 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE With considering the growth of urbanization and population, each ULB of this cluster should have proper infrastructure facilities to manage the generated waste properly. The entire process of best management can be divided in followings:- a) Door to Door Collection This practice is treated as most important step to manage the solid waste effectively for any city. It shall be indicator of city cleanness and play an important role to make techno economic success of any processing and treatment facilities. Provision to start this system in all wards of this ULB by Page 9
providing 10 litres bin to each household and collection of waste in tricycle of 240 litres capacity which will be equipped with separate compartments for biodegradable and non-biodegradable. b) Street Sweeping Sweeping would be provided in each ward and all along length of road, falling under municipal/ulb boundary to collect maximum amount of generated waste. Apart from sweeping, the sweepers would also collect the waste from existing open points and deposit it in the community bins. Each sweeper would sweep on an average of 0.6 km of road length/day. The sweepers must be equipped with proper tools and safety gear such as metal plates, long handled brooms, uniforms, masks, gloves etc. c) Secondary waste collection All the wastes collected through Primary Collection System from the households, shops and other establishments would be taken to the processing or disposal site either directly necessitating a large feet of vehicles and manpower or through cost effective systems which will be designed to ensure that all the waste collected from the sources of waste generation is transported within reasonable time. The storage facilities/ secondary collection points near markets must not create unhygienic and unsanitary conditions around the waste bins. This means that it would be: Out of reach of stray animals. Would not obstruct the traffic of spread on road. Easily accessible in terms of distance for the user. Fully covered and not exposed. Able to hold the expected waste, depending on the size and waste generator. Concrete/pucca structure with roofing, to prevent Vector and bird menace, under and adjoining areas of dustbins at Secondary Collection Points Aesthetically acceptable. Designed to be easy to operate, handle, transfer and transport. Page 10
d) Development of Institutional capacity For better and successful implementation of MSW management, adequate number of human resource and infrastructure facilities is required. Henceforth, municipal authority should therefore take adequate measures for institutional strengthening through induction of professionals, decentralization of administration, delegation of powers, human resources development, encouraging private sector and NGO participation. e) Proposed Processing System 13.56 TPD Compost Plant is envisaged to process organic fraction of MSW generated from studied ULB. The composting process is as defined below: Controlled aerobic composting is the process of degradation of biodegradable organic waste into simple organic compounds by number of aerobic microorganisms in the presence of air. The process begins in presence of air and temperature by the activity of mesophilic bacteria which oxidize carbon to CO2, thus liberating large amount of heat. Usually, the temperature of the waste reaches more than 50 0 C and this represents the limit of temperature tolerance of the mesophilic organisms. At this point the process is taken over by thermophilic bacteria and the temperature continues to rise. Most of the thermophilic phase, takes place in the temperature range 55 0 C 65 0 C, should the temperature increase beyond 65 0 C, activity temporarily declines. The process is dependent of course, on the provision of a suitable environment for the bacteria, in addition to the nutrients provided by the wastes. The main requirements are adequate supplies of air and moisture. The proposed technology will be equipped with sensor which will reflect the ongoing process inside the digester. The limiting factor can be removed for faster degradation with better nutrient quality. Compared to anaerobic process, aerobic conversion process is preferable as it is fast, exothermic and free from odour. Aerobic process also helps to eliminate pathogenic bacteria weed seeds, larva etc. as a result of high temperature developed during the process. Page 11
f) Landfill development Engineered Sanitary Landfill shall be developed at Village Kadupada for disposal of processing rejects and residual inert matter. The Engineered Sanitary landfill design and construction shall be in conformation to the guidelines prescribed in Central Pollution Control Board and in accordance with Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. The technical specifications for design of landfill shall be in line with Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management published by CPHEEO. g) Other utilities requirement Basic facilities of infrastructure like admin building, processing area, Laboratory, Leachate treatment system Landfill vehicle parking, Staff vehicle parking, Panel room, Weigh bridge with cabin, Circulation area, internal roads etc. will be developed on the project site.transportation of Solid waste will be carried out through approach road and finally through existing road. h) Green belt development Increasing vegetation in the form of greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air pollution, odour as well as biological pollutants. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break the wind speed as well as allow the dust and other particulates to settle out on them. It also helps to reduce the noise level to some extent. Hence, proper green belt development will be ensured to mitigate air and noise pollution. This is hereby ensured that the mostly indigenous/ local plants will be planted all around the periphery of the project area and along the roadsides. Plantations would be of large leaf trees that provide adequate shade and are semi-evergreen to evergreen to reduce odour in all-weather condition. This mix plantation will be sprawled over an area of more than 33 % of total project area. i) IEC initiatives A clean city is a concerted effort by the city managers and the civil society. The decision-making process for managing solid waste in urban areas is going through a paradigm shift from the decide, announce, defend premise of local Page 12
authorities to more involved public participation. It is important to make people understand the importance of having good SWM systems and the steps they can take to help municipal authorities and solid waste managers and workers perform their work better. The main objectives of IEC are to make people understand: The concept of source segregation and its necessity in different aspects; The need to store waste at source in two separate receptacles one for biodegradable waste and one for recyclable waste and the need to keep toxic and hazardous waste separate; The role citizens can play in primary collection of waste from the household and handing over of the waste materials to rag pickers or waste collectors; The need to pay for sweeping, waste collection and disposal services; The need to use litter bins on the roads and public places sensibly and sensitively; The impact of solid waste on public health and the environment. 6.0 REHABLITATION & RESETTLEMENT (R & R) PLAN The proposed site is being used for dumping of collected MSW of Belpahar Municipality which does not attract involvement of any land acquisition process. Further, no any settlement falls within the project boundary hence, no R&R plan is applicable for this site. 7.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS The proposed project will be developed in phase wise planned manner and the concession period for this project would be 20 years (i.e. from 2017-2037). The phase wise implementation will be in accordance to detail designing based on CPHEEO manual. Further, financial analysis has been carried out to access the viability of proposed project. In this context, the cost of any development project is segregated basically in two categories like Capital Expenditure (CapEx) and Operation and Maintainance Expenditure (OpEx); which is based on the occurrence and nature of cost. Further, in SWM Project the CapEx includes the purchase of assets under the 7 Head s i.e Primary Storage, Primary collection, Page 13
Segregation at source, Secondary storage, Transportation, Treatment and Processing and Disposal while OpEx consist of recurring expenses on aforementioned services. The generation of revenue from sale of compostable and recyclable material along with collection of user charges is anticipated. The brief about financial study of this ULB is presented below:- Table - VII : Estimated cost of proposed project S.no. Particular Cost (INR in Lakhs) I. Total Capex 535.17 II. Total OpEx 190.28 Total Revenue Composting (2017) 4.49 Sale of recyclable material (2017) 24.42 User charges from commercial 9.11 establishment (2017) User charges from HHs (2017) 11.67 8.0 CONCLUSION The objective of the study is to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Facility at Kadupada, Belpahar to meet the environmental compliances laid down by the Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India. The EIA study assessed the environmental impacts likely to be caused due to the proposed development and to suggest suitable mitigative measures to safeguard the environment. This study will include the description of project setting, appraisal of project activities and assessment of adverse impacts related to the location, design, construction and operation of the project. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be prepared which includes mitigation measures, including evaluation of alternatives to reduce or mitigate/ eliminate the impacts that are likely to cause significant environmental impacts. Further, the complete EIA study will be carried out with following guidelines of EIA Notification 2006 and their amendments. Page 14