Drivers, Pressures, Impacts, Response Analysis Of Peatland Fire In Sumatra, Indonesia Hesti L. Tata, Budi H. Narendra, Kirsfianti L. Ginoga Forest Research & Development Centre Forest & Environment Research Development & Innovation Agency IFA 2017 Conference,Cairns, 14-17 August 2017
Tropical (peat)-swamp lands Flecker Botanical Garden, Cairns Peat swamp forest, Tumbang Runen, C. Kalimantan (2014)
The importance of peatland ecosystem
Peatland Hydrological Unit peatland as a landscape River Organic matter < 1m > 3m < 1m Mineral Soil River Utiization Protection Utilization In natural condition, it contains water 13 x of its biomass. High acidity, low nutrient content. Depth varied: 1 - >10 m Total peat carbon store in Indonesia within: 13.6 GtC to 40.5 GtC (Warren et al., 2017).
Current problems: (Schematic illustration of CO2 emission from drained peatland;source: Hooijer et al., 2016)
Canals developments
Kebun sawit terbakar parah, 2015
Research questions: Does organic soils (peatlands) are more susceptible to fire than mineral soils? What does driven factor, pressure, impact and response of peatland fire? What does current status of hotspots in Indonesia?
Peatland Hydrological Unit
Total burnt area (per 28-10-2015): 2,6 million ha, which covers 927,132 ha of peatlands (DG Forest Plannology, 2015).
Map of Hotspot Distribution in 2013-2015, in Pelalawan District, Riau Province
Hotspot distribution in Musi Banyuasin district, S. Sumatra Province (Source: Tata et al., 2017. Peat fire susceptibility in Musi Banyuasin District, South Sumatra Province. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman 14(1): 51-71)
Comparison of predictors for fire susceptibility Predictor Pelalawan, Riau Musibanyuasin, S. Sumatra* Determination Coeficient (R 2 ) Jambi ϕ Land use 0.623 0.538 0.903 Soil type 0.528 0.803 0.223 Forest status 0.986 0.301 - Distance to road 0.161 0.453 0.701 Altitude - - 0.791 Topography - - 0.859 Distance to river - - 0.795 Distance to village - - 0.701 (Source: * Tata et al. 2017; Φ Widodo, 2014; unpublished data)
Model of fire susceptibility Location Fire susceptibility model Pelalawan, Riau Y = 0.0054 + 0.00002 ST + 0.000019 DR + 0.000038 FS + 0.000017 LU Musibanyuasin, S. Sumatra* Y = -0.015 + 0.000511 ST + 0.00022 FS + 0.000324 LU + 0.000249 DR Jambi ϕ Y = 2.380 0.02 LU + 2.45 ST 0.67 A 1.07 T 0.79DV - 0.32 DRi - 0.18DRo +1.17 DMa (Source: *Tata et al. 2017: ϕ Widodo, 2014; unpublished data)
Fire Susceptibility Map in Pelalawan District, Riau Province
Fire Susceptibility Map in Musi Banyuasin District, S. Sumatra Province
Peat fire susceptibility map in Jambi (Source: Widodo, Tata et al. 2014) 2015)
Fire allert based on rainfall data and water table (Central Kalimantan case : water table drop in July Desember) Fire alert 100 months 80 60 40 A B C Rainfall Fire alert Months Jun/July Up to Jan/Feb Fire alert 200 months 180 160 140 GWL (cm) 20 0-20 -40 120 100 80 60 Rainfall (mm) -60 40-80 20-100 0 25-Jul-2005 (Suryadiputra, 2015) 2-Nov-2005 10-Feb-2006 21-May-2006 29-Aug-2006 Date 7-Dec-2006 17-Mar-2007 25-Jun-2007 3-Oct-2007
Hotspot occurrence in relation with precipitation (Case in Pelalawan) Hotspot (NOAA) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Precipitation (mm) Month Hotspot Precipitation (mm)
Hotspot occurrence in relation with precipitation (Case in Musi Banyuasin, S. Sumatra) (Source: Tata et al. 2017)
Fire is not only driven by biophysicals and climate factors, but also Driven by human: Forest acquisition and land conflict (Case in Tanjabar-Jambi, Pelalawan-Riau, Muba-S. Sumatra and Tripa-Aceh). (Source: PFRM report, 2015)
Peatland Fire: Case in Tripa, Aceh Oil palm as driven factor (Source: Tata et al. 2014. Will funding to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and (forest) Degradation (REDD+) stop conversion of peat swamps to oil palm in orangutan habitat in Tripa in Aceh, Indonesia? Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 19:693-713)
Trade off analysis between economic benefot and ecosystem services (carbon) of Tripa, Aceh
What does driven factor, pressure, impact and response of peatland fire? (Source: Tata et al., 2015. Stopping haze when it rains: lesson learnt in 20 years of Alternatives-to- Slash-and-Burn research in Indonesia. ASB Brief no.45. Nairobi. ASB Partnership for Tropical Forest Margins. 6p. )
Impacts of fire * Impact of fire on vegetation, soil, air and water quality. * Impact on health * Impact on economic development
Responses President s Instruction 8/2015 peatland moratorium President s Instruction 11/2015 on the improvement of fire prevention. President s Regulation 1/2016 on Peatland Restoration Agency Regulations in national and provincial levels, such as: revision of PP71/2014 into PP54/2016, Permenhut 14-16/2017, Regulation at Provincial levels: Governor s regulation of Riau, Jambi, S. Sumatra Provinces in zero burning policy and fire prevention. Strenghtening law enforcement
Current Condition: Hotspots data in Indonesia in 2016-2017 Hotspot (NOAA) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2016 2017 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month Data source from Sipongi (Tata & Ginoga, 2017. Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan. Media Brief. Pusat Penelitian & Pengembangan Hutan. Edition: August 2017)
Way forwards: Improving synergy among relevant partners on fire prevention. Accelerating peatland restoration action Cultivation on wet and/or rewetted peatland using native species, which has economic value and adaptive in rewetted condition. For Indonesian, book of Prospek paludikultur ekosistem gambut indonesia (Tata & Susmianto, 2016) can be as one of references. people tend to prevent a productive land from fire.
Thank you Special thank to ACIAR For more information: Hesti Tata, email: hl.tata@gmail.com