Energy in Buildings Newsletter for the The (BEEP) is a joint project between Ministry of Power (MoP), Government of India, and the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA) of the Swiss Confederation, aimed at increasing energy efficiency in new buildings in India and promote Energy Conservation and Building Code (ECBC) compliance in new commercial buildings. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is the implementing agency on behalf of the MoP while the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) is the agency in charge on behalf of the FDFA. The project is of 5 years duration (2012 16). Overall goal To reduce energy consumption in new commercial buildings and to disseminate best practices for the construction of low energy residential and public buildings Key objectives Contribute to strengthening and broadening the Bureau of Energy Efficiency s (BEE) building energy conservation programme for the 12th Five-Year Plan. Assist BEE in achieving its target of ensuring that 75% of all new commercial buildings initiated during the 12th Five-Year Plan period are ECBC-compliant, and in addressing the issue of energy efficiency in new residential and institutional buildings. Contents Message Editorial Members Project Management and Technical Unit Lead Article Designing Comfortable, High Energy Performance Buildings in India: the Integrated Design Way Interview of Prof. Claude Alain Roulet News Knowledge & Events 2 3 4 5 9 11 12 Project Components Component 1: Integrated Design Charrettes Component 2: Technical assistance in developing building material testing infrastructure Component 3: Design guidelines and tools for the design of energy efficient residential and public buildings Component 4: Production and dissemination of knowledge products Editorial Board Mr Pierre Jaboyedoff, Team Leader, Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project Mr Sanjay Seth, Energy Economist, Bureau of Energy Efficiency Mr Anand Shukla, Senior Advisor (Energy), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation Ms Saswati Chetia, Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project
BEEP >Messages T he increase in efficiency in the end-use of electricity can mitigate power shortages and reduce the capital needs for capacity addition. The Government of India enacted the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 to coordinate various activities associated with efficient use of energy and its conservation and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), a statutory body set up under the Ministry of Power, was entrusted with implementation of the Act. Satish Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Power BEE developed the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) which sets minimum energy performance standards for various components of a building, with focus on new commercial buildings. For the successful implementation of energy efficiency programs in buildings, the Government of India is supported by several bi-lateral and multi-lateral agencies. The (BEEP) is one such bilateral programme, signed between the Ministry of Power, Government of India and the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA) of the Swiss Confederation, and is being jointly implemented by the Bureau of Energy efficiency and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). It is welcome and heartening to see that a newsletter is being brought out with the intent to disseminate information on the work being done under the programme to increase awareness among building energy efficiency practitioners. I wish the BEEP team all success in their endeavors. Dr. Ajay Mathur, Director General, Bureau of Energy Efficiency With the accelerated economic growth, the demand for energy in India is rising rapidly leading to increased gap between demand and supply. Addressing the rising demand through effective energy efficient practices in all sectors of the economy is very critical. Bureau of Energy Efficiency is implementing various policy measures in promoting energy efficiency and energy conservation in the Indian economy. The building sector is a significant consumer of energy and with the projected growth of infrastructure in the years ahead, incorporating energy efficient design practices in both upcoming new constructions as well as existing buildings becomes even more important. The 12th plan targets of the Government of India identify faster adoption of building codes as one of the strategies for a low carbon and inclusive growth. I am glad to see that the Building Energy Efficiency Project (BEEP), under the Indo- Swiss bilateral cooperation is aligned with the objective of the Government of India in promoting energy efficient building design both through adoption of building codes and innovative technologies. This news letter will help in disseminating information of the work being done under the project among the building practitioners and other stakeholders. Daniel Ziegerer, Director of Cooperation, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Switzerland recognizes that globally climate change exerts an increasing influence on the development perspectives. The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) strengthens its commitment to the resolution of this global challenge of addressing climate change through its global programme on climate change (GPCC). In this direction, the GPCC fosters the enhancement of energy efficiency and use of renewable energies and the Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Building Project (BEEP) is an important initiative for the SDC. Over the years, Switzerland has built capacities and skills at various levels for the designing and construction of energyefficient buildings. Through BEEP, SDC aims to share the technical know-how and the process of designing and ensuring energy efficient buildings in India. I wish the BEEP team all success in this endeavor. My heartiest congratulations to the BEEP team on the launch of this initiative and wish them all success. 2
>Editorial BEEP Pierre Jaboyedoff, Team Leader, Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project Welcome to the first issue of the BEEP Newsletter! BEEP or the is a joint initiative of the governments of India and Switzerland to bring in energy efficiency in the new buildings in India through efficient design, construction, technologies, training and development of human resources/institutions, etc. The project essentially draws heavily from the immense experience of Switzerland in energy-efficient buildings. In short, BEEP stands as a unique platform for sharing and imparting knowledge on this subject. To know more about the project, please visit our website <www.beepindia.org>. This newsletter is conceived as an information-sharing tool to further the objectives of BEEP. Here is a gist of what unfolds in this issue of the newsletter. Promotion of the integrated design process for achieving energy efficiency in buildings is the flagship activity under BEEP. The lead article on integrated design emphasises its advantages over the conventional design process. In the interview section, Prof. Claude Alain Roulet, a renowned Swiss building physicist, discusses the importance of insulation, insulation materials, and the latest trends. This would be a useful source of information to many of us in the building industry. In the past few months, the BEEP team had conducted a few integrated design charrettes. As a knowledge-sharing platform, these charrettes are aimed at helping promoters and other stakeholders to build efficient buildings. A brief on these charrettes is reported here. You will also find information on upcoming events on this front. While we are happy sharing this newsletter with all of you, we take the liberty to seek your involvement and suggestions on improving it further. Together, let us join this movement and contribute to building an energy-efficient India! 3
BEEP >PMTU Project Management and Technical Unit Switzerland Pierre Jaboyedoff Senior Engineer and Energy Consultant, Partner in Effin'ArtSarl Pierre Jaboyedoff is a senior engineer specializing in energyefficient buildings and solar energy applications with over 30 years of experience in the field. His expertise in the development and application of high-performance, innovative, and climate-responsive solutions ranges from industry to data centres, including university campus and large office buildings. He also has vast experience from India, where he has been implementing projects related to energy efficiency and renewable energies in various economic sectors (industry, power generation, buildings, etc.) since the early 1980s. Dario Aiulfi Senior Engineer and Energy Consultant, Partner in Effin'ArtSarl Dario Aiulfi is a senior Research and Development Engineer, specialized in fluid dynamics (for natural and mechanical ventilation) and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning) as well as building dynamic energy simulation for low-energy and high-performance buildings. He has over 20 years of experience in the field of energy in buildings. Dominique Chuard Architect, Partner in Effin'ArtSarl Dominique Chuard is trained as an architect and has over 30 years of experience in the field of energy efficiency in buildings. Over the years, Dominique Chuard has specialised in issues related to building physics for new as well as existing buildings, particularly historical monuments, for which he is a federal expert. He is also a recognised expert in subjects related to daylight optimisation, natural ventilation, thermal comfort and bioclimatic design. Kira Cusack Project Manager, Energy and Environment Consultant, Effin'ArtSarl Kira Cusack has over 10 years of experience in international cooperation and consultancy in the field of energy policy planning and renewable energy development. She has worked on energy concepts for neighbourhoods and currently manages the Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project. India Sameer Maithel Director, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd Sameer is an energy technologist, specializing in field performance measurements, market research, formulation and management of projects/programmes, policy advice for transfer and diffusion of clean energy technologies. He has 24 years of work experience in industry, research and consultancy. He is founder and Director of Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd (GKSPL) a research and consultancy company, based in New Delhi providing consulting services for design of energy-efficient buildings; improving energy efficiency and environment performance of micro and small enterprises; and deployment of decentralized renewable energy technologies. Prashant Bhanware Sr. Consultant, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd Prashant is an energy engineer with core expertise in building energy simulation, energy efficiency, and renewable energy. He is a Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)-certified Energy Auditor. He has 10 years of experience in the energy sector in research and consultancy. At Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd he is involved in projects dealing with energy efficiency and decentralized renewable energy applications in buildings and industries Kanagaraj Ganesan Senior Programme Officer- BEEP, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd Kanagarajis trained as an architect and building energy professional. He provides technical and management inputs for. Work also includes conceptualization and implementation of BEEP activities. Other engagements include providing energy simulation support for building projects aspiring for energy efficiency. Saswati Chetia Programme Officer- BEEP, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd Saswati is trained as an architect and environmental planner and has 6 years of experience in green buildings and building energy. Previously she has worked as an architect and green building consultant. She is an empanelled GRIHA evaluator and trainer. Pallav Singh Assistant Engineer, Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd Pallav is a mechanical engineer from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay. He has about 5 years of work experience in the fields of renewable energy consulting and management consulting. He is working with Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd as a team member on renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. 4
LEAD ARTICLE BEEP Designing Comfortable, High Energy Performance Buildings in India: the Integrated Design Way Integrated Design: a great opportunity to tap energy saving potential and design sustainable buildings The energy consumed by a building is not an isolated aspect but a function of its various components. Some of these components are listed below. Climate Architectural design Building envelope (walls, roof, windows, solar shading) Building usage and occupancy Equipment and lighting Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems All these are variables that affect the quantum of energy (or electricity) consumed by a building. Therefore, designing a high energy-performance building requires a careful consideration of all the above-mentioned aspects and an iterative design process involving both the architect and engineering design teams along with the clients. Integrated Design means that the client, the architect, and the engineering design team start working on the project together right from the beginning, based on the client brief. Doing this allows to tap the largest energy saving potential with minimum effort and cost. This also means that energy goals should be set at the very outset. Charrette for Integrated Design One of the most effective ways of following an integrated design process is to organize a design workshop with the architect and the engineering teams at the early design phase. Such a design workshop is termed a Design Charrette. The charrette provides an opportunity to consider and harmonize all possible energy-efficiency design strategies for the project. It develops consensus among the project participants by allowing them to participate in the decision-making process early in the design and reduce conflicts in the later stages. BEEP Integrated Design Charrette The (BEEP) has put together a team consisting of senior Swiss and Indian architects and engineers to conduct the BEEP design charrettes. So far, charrettes have been conducted for eight commercial buildings. This included government offices, information technology (IT) offices, retail office buildings, and hospitals. Energy savings in the range of 25% 45% have been estimated in comparison to the pre-charrette designs, with minimal cost increase or the cost being offset by the energy saved. 5
BEEP LEAD ARTICLE BEEP Charrette Process Preparation before the charrette is important for a successful charrette. This involves: collecting relevant information about the project such as the climate, building function, occupancy and usage pattern, type of equipment, and energy supply to the building and estimating the energy performance of the building based on this information. To do this, the BEEP team carries out various analyses (climate analysis, sun path, and cost assessment) as well as dynamic energy simulation. This preparation gives an idea of the possible strategies for energy savings. During the charrette, iterations of these strategies are discussed and analysed. The BEEP design charrettes are conducted over four days by the BEEP team involving intensive discussions and working sessions with the building design team. The builder/client also participates in some of the sessions; their presence is particularly essential in key decision-making sessions. Each day of the charrette has its particular objective. Objectives of Day 1 Develop a common understanding of the project Set the energy goals List possible strategies or revisions to achieve those energy goals Objective of Day 2 Discuss the feasibility of possible strategies listed on Day 1 Work separately in architectural and engineering design teams to work on the application of the strategies. The two teams interact periodically for clarifications Integration of shortlisted strategies into proposed design cases Objective of Day 3 BEEP team analyses the energy performance and cost implications of the proposed design cases. Objective of Day 4 Decision on strategies or revisions to be incorporated in the design. 6
LEAD ARTICLE BEEP STRATEGIES Building massing and orientation Window dimension % of window area Window shading Glazing performance Shallow floor plate Window dimension % of window area Building materials and construction Thermally open structure (No false ceiling etc.) Wall and roof insulation High performance and efficient chillers etc. Innovative technologies like radiant slab, chilled beams Free cooling Efficient equipment and use DAYLIGHT OPTIMISATION NATURAL VENTILATION THERMAL MASS EXTERNAL HEAT GAIN MANAGEMENT THROUGH BUILDING ENVELOPE EFFICIENT HEATING VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) INTERNAL HEAT GAINS MANAGEMENT 1. Reduce Energy Demand: (a) Artificial Lighting 1. Reduce Energy Demand: (b) HVAC ACTIVE STRATEGIES P ASSIVE STRATEGIES Cost analysis of combines strategies Efficient artificial lighting Occupancy sensors ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING MANAGEMENT 2. Use Energy Efficiently 3. Use Renewable Sources: To meet reduced energy demand Figure 1 Strategies for energy-efficient buildings are all interconnected and have three objectives: (1) reduce energy demand; (2) use energy efficiently; and (3) use renewable energy sources 7
BEEP LEAD ARTICLE The energy efficiency strategies (Figure 1) suggested are not mutually exclusive; all of them are interconnected and changing one influences the other. A couple of examples are given below. One may decide to provide shading devices on the windows. Doing this will decrease the heat gain into the building through the windows but at the same time will decrease daylighting in the building. Some strategies complement each other. For example, providing natural ventilation at night (also known as night cooling) will dissipate the heat from the building space. An accessible thermal mass (exposed walls and ceilings) augments this process by allowing heat loss from the building structure during the night. This further helps in reducing the cooling requirement during the day. Mainstreaming Integrated Design Buildings are the highest consumers of energy in India after industries. Coupled with the fact that the building stock in India is projected to be tripled by 2050, it is indisputable that energy conservation in buildings is the need of the hour. Buildings need to be high performance, energy-efficient, and comfortable. Integrated design is the easiest and most effective way to do so. The BEEP charrette is an effort to promote integrated design as the norm. Just as the aesthetic image of the building is accorded an important position in the decision-making process, the energy image also needs to be given equal, if not more, importance. One hopes that the new buildings in India will incorporate the integrated design process within their design ethic. ATTENTION INDIAN BUILDERS AND DEVELOPERS: Opportunity to avail technical support of leading Swiss and Indian experts for designing energy-efficient buildings The (BEEP)is providing technical support to Indian builders and developers to design climate-responsive, low energy and high performance commercial buildings. The BEEP technical support is aimed at: Developingclimate-responsive architecture design to reduce energy demand and increase thermal comfort Design of high-performance HVAC systems with reduced operational costs On-site energy generation through the integration of renewable energy Using state-of-the-art computer simulation programmes to estimate energy saving potential and cost economics BEEP invites project proposals from builders, developers, owners of large commercial projects, which are in their early design stage. The technical assistance to the selected projects will be provided free of cost and will be borne under the BEEP project. For applying and further information please go to the following link <http://beepindia.org/content/apply-integrated-design-charrette>, send a mail at <sameer@ gkspl.in> or phone at +91 11 45535574 8
INTERVIEW BEEP >On Insulation... Claude Alain Roulet is a building physicist with almost 50 years of experience in the building sector, dealing essentially with building materials and energy in buildings. He has been a researcher and Professor at the Institute of Technology in Lausanne since 1974, and has worked not only on thermall insulation materials, but also on ventilation systems and indoor environmental air quality. Prof. Roulet assisted the Swiss Federal Government in enforcing testing and quality assurance mechanisms for building materials, particularly thermal insulation materials. In the 1980s, he took part in the national training programme on energy-efficient building design for architects and engineers. He has published several books and manuals on energyefficient building design. Today, Prof. Roulet is an active player in the development of norms and standards for sustainable buildings. Prof. Claude Alain Roulet The BEEP Team engages Prof. Claude Alain Roulet in a conversation on insulation. Read on... Why is insulation needed in buildings? Thermal insulation reduces the heat flow through the building envelope. This has two main effects. Gives thermal comfort indoors: Thermal insulation helps in keeping a comfortable temperature inside despite strong temperature variations outside and solar radiation falling on the roof and exposed walls. It also improves comfort by reducing the unpleasant effects of cold or warm surfaces. Reduces the quantum of energy needed for heating or cooling the living spaces inside: Depending on the weather, the effect may be very important. In harsh climates, reduction in yearly energy use by a factor of four or more can be obtained. In mild climates, together with passive heating or cooling strategies, it may even avoid the need of a heating or cooling system. An insulating material should hinder these three ways, and hence have no matter (or be very light) to hinder conduction, avoid air movement, and be opaque to radiation. Indeed, thermal insulating materials are mainly made of air, immobilised in a fibre network or in small bubbles, the fibre or bubble walls being opaque to radiation. Most common thermal insulation materials are mineral fibres (glass or rock wool) and plastic foams (e.g. expanded or extruded polystyrene and polyurethane). Other materials such as organic fibres (cellulose, wool, hemp, hay, etc.) or foams (cork), glass foam, expanded clay or aerated concrete are also used. The main reason for this variety is that no material is suitable for all applications but there are materials that are suitable for each application. A material that is Note that thermal insulation is not just limited to opaque elements, but also windows and doors. What are the common insulation materials available and their suitability for application? Temperature is physically the degree of agitation of atoms and molecules. The heat flows from hot to cold areas using three main ways: by conduction, where agitated molecules transmitting their movement by direct contact to others; convection, where heat is transported by moving hot matter; and radiation, where agitated molecules emit electromagnetic radiation (infrared light, or visible when very hot) that heat the matter receiving it. Wall Insulation is being used in Aranya Bhawan, the new office building for the Rajasthan Forest Department in Jaipur. A charrette was held for this project where insulation was one of the recommendations. 9
BEEP INTERVIEW Mr Sanjay Seth from BEE (third from left) and Dr Veena Joshi (Second from left) interacts with the building execution team of Aranya Bhawan, Jaipur good for one application may have a poor behaviour in others. The answer is then: there are no best materials, but there are best choices for each application. What are the different ways of installing thermal insulation? Thermal insulation should be installed in every envelope element: roof, walls, and even ground in cold climates. As most insulating materials cannot resist weather and stand to loads, they should be protected by an appropriate material layer. Within the envelope element, the thermal insulating layer could be basically put on the outside or inside of the loaded structure. The easiest way is to add thermal insulation from inside when the building fabric is built, and to protect this material with a thin wall. This has however several disadvantages: Thermal insulation does not go through decks and partition walls, and thermal bridges remain, which may lead not only to energy losses but also to mould growth hazards. The thermal inertia inside the building is reduced. The external building fabric remains exposed to outdoor temperature variations and resulting damages. Therefore, it is recommended to place the thermal insulation outside the building structure, and to protect it by an appropriate layer or additional wall. This avoids most thermal bridges, keeps the building structure at a nearly constant temperature and increases the internal thermal mass of the building, thus naturally stabilising its temperature. What are your views on use of insulation in India? India is now strongly increasing its building stock, and new or renovated buildings will last for long. They will see the energy evolution (or revolution) from fossil to renewable sources. A sustainable building cannot spill energy, and thermal insulation is one of the most efficient ways to reduce energy spills in buildings. In my opinion, every new or retrofitted building should have a well insulated envelope, and this idea should become common. In Switzerland, before the first oil crisis, the habit was to install 2 4 cm internal thermal insulation, just to ensure thermal comfort during the cold season. During the eighties, with the people slowly becoming aware of energy problems, architects asked me: how thick should be a thermal insulation layer?, and I answered: as thick as you can, but no less than 10 cm. They immediately replied but this is technically impossible!. Now, 30 years later, the common habit is to install 20 cm, and everybody agrees that this is a minimum. The optimal thermal insulation depends on climate, and varies from one place to the other in India. The important thing, for the future of India, is that this optimum should become of common use. What are the latest trends in building insulation in Switzerland / Europe? I would first state that the Swiss climate is closer to that of Kasmir than that of Uttar Pradesh. The Swiss rules now limit the energy need for heating in buildings, and submit cooling to specific authorisation. There is no strict rule on building insulation thickness or U-value, but a strong thermal insulation (about 15 cm of typical insulating material) is needed to comply to today s comfort and energy requirements. New residential buildings that fulfil today the energy requirements would still need about 150 kwh/ m² gross floor area of primary energy annually for all the needs. The general trend, however, is to reduce the energy use, aiming to the 2000 W society, 1 while closing our nuclear power plants within the next 20 years. Therefore, the latest trends are similar to those of the European community, i.e., the new buildings aim a zero non-renewable annual energy balance. 1 This is a society where, on the average, each individual uses 2000 W or less of renewable energy for all his needs, i.e., 17,530 kwh per year. Now an average human being uses about this, but an average Swiss (or European) being uses three times this, and an American six times this energy amount, most of it being non-renewable. 10
NEWS BEEP Integrated Design Charrettes A BEEP Integrated Design Charrette was held for Tata Global Beverages Ltd, Yeswanthpur, Bengaluru, from 18 to 21 December 2013 at Bengaluru, Karnataka. This project is being developed by Tata Realty and Infrastructure Ltd. The charrette was conducted by Swiss experts Andreas Binkert (Architect) and Dario Aiulfi (Engineer). Energy savings were estimated at 35%. Another BEEP Integrated Design Charrette was held for Jupiter Lifeline Hospitals Ltd, Pune, from 13 to 15 February 2014 at Thane, Maharashtra. This project is being developed by Jupiter Lifeline Hospitals Ltd. The charrette was conducted by experts Pierre Jaboyedoff (Swiss engineer) and G C Modgil (Indian HVAC consultant). Design templates for energy efficient public buildings A design workshop was held for the development of design templates for the new district courts in Rajasthan on 21 February 2014 at the Public Works Department (PWD) offices in Jaipur. This workshop is part of the work involved in the development of design templates for energy-efficient public buildings in selected states of India. It was attended by various officials from the architecture and engineering sections of PWD Rajasthan. The BEEP team, which conducted the workshop, was headed by Pierre Jaboyedoff and Gunter Lohnert. Hyderabad seminar The fourth seminar on "Integrated Approach to Energy-Efficient Building Design" was held on 23rd May 2014 in Hyderabad. This seminar was organised by the (BEEP) in partnership with Confederation of Real Estate Developers' Associations of India (CREDAI) Hyderabad chapter.the objective of the seminar was to create awareness about integrated design approach, innovative technologies and strategies to design energy-efficient buildings in warm-humid climate of Hyderabad. The seminar was attended by 50 participants comprising developers, architects, town planners and consultants. It included presentations by Pierre Jaboyedoff from the Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project (BEEP) and Mr. Srinivas V from Synergy Infra Consultants Pvt Ltd. This seminar also included a panel discussion on Andhra Pradesh Energy Conservation Building Code (APECBC). 11
BEEP KNOWLEDGE & EVENTS Knowledge Product EasyPipes Basic' and 'EasyPipes Plus are two tools developed by Dr. Pierre Hollmuller, University of Geneva, Switzerland for pre-dimensioning and detailed dimensioning earth air tunnels. Two user manuals- EasyPipes Basic and EasyPipes Plus- have been developed by the BEEP project team to help the professionals working on earth air tunnels in understanding and using this tool. Under the Indo- Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project (BEEP), a two day training programme on Earth Air Tunnel Design was also organised in July 2013 where Dr. Hollmuller was the lead trainer. The tools, manual and other related documents can be downloaded from <http:// www.beepindia.org/event/earth-air-tunnel>. Forthcoming Events The next BEEP Integrated Design Charrette are planned in December 2014. To apply and for more details, please see <www.beepindia.org/ content/apply-integrated-design-charrette>. The second design workshops for development of design templates for energy-efficient public buildings will be held in September 2014 for both Rajasthan and Karnataka. Integrated Design Seminars will be held in Jaipur and Chandigarh in September. A Charrette Conductor Training Programme will be held in December. www.beepindia.org Project Management and Technical Unit (PMTU) PMTU India Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Regd. office: 342, Abhiyan Apartments, Plot 15, Sector 12, Dwarka, New Delhi -110078. Telefax: +91 11 45535574 E Mail: sameer@gskpl.in (Dr. Sameer Maithel, PMTU India) PMTU Switzerland Effin Art Sàrl L Art de l Efficacité énergétique Av. William Fraisse 3, CH-1006 Lausanne Tel: +41 21 616 11 00 E-mail: pierre.jaboyedoff@effinart.ch (Pierre Jaboyedoff, PMTU Switzerland) 12